PART 1: Synthesis Matrix

Name:___ Jade Rutledge___ Period: __4th block___

STEP 1: Planning your Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature

Pre-planning: Concept Matrix of Literature. ​Read at least 15-20 articles that are related to your foundation sub problem. Look for a variety of variable that are
similar to your interest and overarching question. As you do a quick read of the articles, mark the variables that you are planning to consider as your applied
research. Please change the variables as needed since this is an example template. The checks (X) in the boxes are merely examples – remove them before you
start your planning analysis. ​https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237542915_The_Matrix_Method_of_Literature_Review

Preplanning​​: ​Concept Matrix of Literature

Author (s), title, etc. (APA format) Years (in the Dental Caries Enamel Sugar Intake/SSB Tooth decay
last 5 years
if not
checked)
Armfield, J. M., Spencer, A. J., 2013 X X X X
Roberts-Thomson, K. F., & Plastow, K.
(2013). Water fluoridation and the
association of sugar-sweetened beverage
consumption and dental caries in australian
children. ​American Journal Of
​Public Health​, ​103(​ 3), 494-500.
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.30089
Diet, nutrition and oral health. (2003). ​Primary 2003 X X X
Health Care​, ​13​(2), 43.
Duverger, O., Carlson, J. C., Karacz, C. M., 2018 X X X
Schwartz, M. E., Cross, M. A.,
Marazita, M. L., ...Morasso, M. I. (2018).
Genetic variants in pachyonychia
congenita-associated keratins increase
susceptibility to tooth decay.
​PLoS Genetics​, ​14​(1), e1007168.
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007168
Go, M., Rozier, R. G., & Kranz, A. M. (2015). 2015 X X
Dental caries: Racial and
ethnic disparities among north carolina
kindergarten students. ​American
 ​Journal Of Public Health​, ​105​(12), 2503.
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302884
Gokhale, N., & Nuvvula, S. (2016). Influence 2016 X X X
of socioeconomic and working
status of the parents on the incidence of
their children's dental caries.
​Journal Of Natural Science, Biology &
Medicine,​ ​7​(2), 127.
doi:10.4103/0976-9668.184697
Jain, S., & Upadhyay, T. (2017). Quorum 2017 X X X X
quenching of bacteria causing dental
caries through herbal formulation. ​Bio
Science Research Bulletin-Biological
​Sciences​, ​33​(2), 63.
doi:10.5958/2320-3161.2017.00010.4
John, J. B., Asokan, S., Aswanth, K. P., Priya, 2015 X X X
P. G., & Shanmugaavel, A. K.
(2015). Dental caries and the associated
factors influencing it in tribal,
suburban and urban school children of
Tamil Nadu, India: a cross sectional
study. ​Journal Of Public Health Research​,
4​(1), 23. doi:10.4081/
jphr.2015.361
Neto, J. P., Mendes, K. L. C., Wada, R. S., & 2017 X X
de Sousa, M. D. L. R. (2017).
Relationship between risk classifications
used to organize the demand for
oral health in a small city of Sao Paulo,
Brazil. ​Ciência & Saúde
​Coletiva,​ ​22(​ 6), 1905.
doi:10.1590/1413-81232017226.00702016
Saido, M., Asakura, K., Sasaki, S., & 2016 X X X
Masayasu, S. (2016). Relationship
between dietary sugar intake and dental
caries among Japanese preschool
children with relatively low sugar intake
(Japan Nursery School Shokuiku
 Study): A nationwide cross-sectional Study.
Maternal & Child Health
​Journal​, ​20​(3), 556-566.
doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1854-3
Treerutkuarkul, A., & Gruber, K. (2015, 2015 X X X
September). Prevention is better
than treatment: developing countries face a
growing toll of tooth decay and
gum disease that can be prevented. ​Bulletin
of the World Health
​Organization​, ​93​(9), 594-595.
doi:10.2471/BLT.15.020915

STEP 2: Look over your pre-planning Matrix and choose the best 10 articles​​ (min 10 with 5 articles from the last 5 years). Complete a summary
of each relevant article you read using the Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature below:

Include the articles (the front page is important, but subsequent pages to be printed off should only be the pages that you cited in your synthesis
matrix) in your final copy – you need to make sure of the following:
a) Highlight​ on the original article - all the important facts that you have used in the matrix below.
b) When documenting, you also need to indicate which ​page number​ the information is found. The information on the synthesis matrix
should be the same as the ​highlighted section of the ​page number​ indicated​.
c) You do not have to reword/rewrite the sentence, merely document by rewriting the important bits and pieces of the information and
indicate where you found it and page #
d) Work steadily each day, if you work on 3-4 articles a day, you will complete this analysis before the deadline. Meticulous work at the
start will help you through this process easily.

Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature

Author/title, Purpose Framework Sample- Design Variables/ Results Controversies, Limitations Implications
etc. instruments disagreements for practice,
with other research,
(APA format Overarching Hypothesis/ ppl tested How the data Validity and How the authors theory
reference) Question Objective /sample was Reliability hypothesis was
size/populati collected? supported/rejected
You will add a list of
on
Conclusion and authors referenced
in this section on a
further studies
separate page
Armfield, J. One The US Selected We We used As shown in n/a In Australia, These results
M., Spencer, question Surgeon children investigat univariate Figure 1, children underscore
A. J., that has General has were ed this general linear greater SSB commonly the impor
Roberts-Tho received declared provided possible modeling consumption consume
tance
mson, K. F., little atten that with a associatio (with was both
& Plastow, tion water questionn n sweetened significantly cordials and
of
K. is whether fluoridation aire that between drink associated sports considering
(2013). other risk is not only asked a sweetene consumption with drinks. SSB
Water or efficient parent or d drink used as greater Although consumption
fluoridation protective and cost guardian consumpti a continuous deciduous soft drinks as a
and the factors effective to provide on and variable) and caries (F are usually major risk
association of might but is also informatio caries in cross-tabulati [2,10236] = singled out indicator for
sugar-sweete modify any the single n on their both ons 47.16; for attention
dental caries.
ned beverage association most child’s deciduous (with P < .001). because
consumption between effective tooth and sweetened Young children they are
The
and dental soft means of paste permanen drink consuming 3 well-identifi results also
caries in drink preventing use and t teeth consumption or more ed products, reconfirm the
australian consumpti tooth decay brushing in a large categorized sweetened readily continued
children. on and over a per practices, and as 0 drinks, drinks per day available, benefits of
American dental .21 exposure represent 1---2 drinks, had on and community
Journal Of caries. The son’s to other ative and ‡ 3 average marketed water
​Public effect of lifetime possible group of drinks 47.1% more aggressively
fluoridation
Health​, soft drink However, fluoride Aus per day on decayed, to
103(​ 3), consumpti surprisingly sources, tralian average) to missing, and teenagers,
in preventing
494-500. on on little residence schoolchil analyze filled other caries and
doi:10.2105/ caries research history dren. In differences deciduous SSBs have support the
AJPH.2012.3 might has been and water addition, in SSB teeth than generally idea that
0089 be weaker conducted consumpti we aimed consumption children who been exposure to
for children into on details to and caries by did not regarded as fluoridated
who come whether for each describe child consume having water
from water residence, demograp age, gender, sweetened a similar
confers
higher fluoridation food hic and household drinks (Tukey impact on
income also confers consumpti socioecon income, honestly energy and
additional
families, benefits by on in omic sta parental significant nutrient in benefit
who brush re infancy, tus educational difference post 32 in helping to
their teeth ducing current (SES) attainment, hoc take. reduce the
with the impact consumpti difference residence comparison, Another impact of
of risk on of s in SSB remoteness, strength of dental
fluoride factors for certain consumpti toothbrushin P < .001). The this study is disease.
toothpaste dental foods and on. g frequency, association the
more caries. beverages, and adjusted was not as large sample
often, or and percentage strong size and the
who have household of lifetime in children representati
greater and SES exposure to aged 11 to 16 veness of
exposure characteri fluoridated years with the children
to stics. water. We permanent who
fluoridated computed dentition, participated
water. In multivariate although it was
par general linear still statistically
ticular, models to significant
an test whether (F [2,6081] =
overwhelm the effect of 7.60; P = .001).
ing amount SSB Older children
of research consumption drinking 3 or
has on caries more
demonstrat experience sweetened
ed, and remained drinks a day
continues statistically had a decayed,
to demon significant missing, and
strate, after filled
that controlling permanent
drinking for the teeth score
fluoridated other 25.7% higher
water variables. than
offers Low that of
a Reliability: ​As children who
considerabl part of the did not
e caries dental consume
preventive examination, sweetened
benefits. data were drinks (Tukey
collected on honestly
caries using significant
visual criteria difference
at the post hoc
tooth level comparison, P
and included < .001).
cavitated We
lesions, teeth found almost
that were no association
filled because between
of caries, and sweetened
teeth that drink
were missing consumption
because of and decayed,
caries.22 missing,
Because and filled
of the large permanent
number of teeth for older
dentists and children
therapists with more
involved in than a 50%
data lifetime
collection exposure to
around fluoridated
Australia, water. By
calibration of contrast, for
all examiners children with
was not lower
feasible. fluoridated
However, a water
level of exposure, the
standardizati number
on was of decayed,
attempted missing, and
through the filled
use of permanent
instruction teeth
manuals and was 46.3%
training. higher among
children
consuming
3 or more
sweetened
 drinks a day
than for
children who
were not
consuming
sweetened
drinks.

Diet, The two Dietary There These is T​he control Any dietary Those who The current It is important
nutrition and common adjustments remains a evidence families advice that is argue a positive concept of for health
oral health. dental is difficult to section of that early received no formulated for correlation fluorides professionals
diseases achieve as it the identificati dental health clients, claim that these mechanism to perform
(2003).
that requires populatio on of education at especially is of action is basic nutrition
Primary threaten patients to n who still children children, overwhelming that it is the screening to
all, and
Health Care,​ oral health change their are who are demonstrate should be both evidence to continuous assess their
13​(2), 43. are caries behaviour affected at-risk, d a poor positive and support their low clients’ dietary
and and involves by dental and record of realist (Table point of view. concentratio habits for
periodontal replacing caries. In implemen contact with 1). Less The Vipeholm ns of potential risk
disease. ‘tasty and England tation of a dental emphasis study fluoride in factors for
The main colourful’ and Wales preventati professionals. should be (Gustafsson et saliva, dental caries
aetiological foods with by the ve They were placed on al 1954) is most particularly and
factor in others that early programm found to have identifying frequently at the periodontal
both these are 1990s, e can be a significantly ‘good’ and quoted as plaque/saliv disease, and to
diseases is perceived to three successful. higher level ‘bad’ individual evidence and is a/enamel look for
bacterial be ‘bland quarters An of dental foods are more further interface, potential signs
plaque. and of caries example caries. on promoting supported with which are of nutritional
unexciting’. was of a good and data from necessary deficiencies or
In addition, manifest successful nutritionally animal for caries nutrition-relat
many food in one caries sound dietary experiments prevention ed problems in
that were quarter of preventati habits. (Konig 1969). (Featherston patients with
thought to the ve Artificial bulk More recent e 1999, ten chronic
to be ‘safe populatio programm sweeteners, studies have Cate 1997). diseases or
for teeth’ n (Downer e was such as reported a poor conditions
have now 1992). conducted sorbitol and correlation (Hornick
been shown This ‘at in inner xyltiol, have between 2002).
to be risk’ city been shown in frequency of Collaboration
potentially populatio Leeds(Kow controlled fermentable between
cariogenic n is ash el al experiments to carbohydrate registered
(that is usually 2000.)The significantly intake and nutritionists
conducive comprised main reduce the dental caries and dietitians
to the of the low finding incidence of increments in and oral
production socio- from this dental caries in population healthcare
to caries. economic study was comparison to studies (Burt et professionals
and that visits the use of al 1988, is essential in
immigrant to provide sucrose in Rugg-Gunn et al identifying,
groups dental certain 1984). education, and
health products. treating oral
education These are health
to present in problems
mothers many related to
of young sugar-free nutrition. Such
infants in gums now partnerships
their own freely available will encourage
homes on the market improved
were very in the UK, levels of oral
successful though the health care.
in protective
preventing effects of
the sugar-free
occurrenc gums may be
e of related to
nursing increased
caries. salivary flow
This rather than
control sugar-free
group was substances
examined (Hayes
only when 2001,Machiuls
the kiene et al
children 2001).
had
reached
the age of
three
years.
Duverger, In this study, we
examine
Even though In the Intra-oral SNPs in KRT6 ( The SNPs identified n/a Total RNA was The present report
dental caries is present study, examinations in KRT6A and extracted and highlights the
O., Carlson, racial/ethnic
influenced by we focus on of all
K6a, K6b, K6c, K16
KRT6C were further purified contribution of
and K17) ​ genes
J. C., differences in
dental caries environmental the presence participants associated with using the specific sets of
Karacz, C. experience and behavioral in enamel of were increased caries RNAeasy mini kit keratins to the
factors, there is another set of performed by experience (Qiagen). organic fraction
M., among
kindergarten clear evidence keratins licensed in adults only. RNA-seq analysis of mature tooth
Schwartz, students in North that encoded dentists Among the was performed enamel and
M. E., Carolina using
a multilevel
susceptibility to by genes and/or missense using the demonstrates
Cross, M. analysis with 2 caries is also mutated in research polymorphisms Mondrian SP kit through genetic
driven pachyonychia dental identified in KRT6B , (Illumina) and and analytical
A., levels, examining
individual by host genetic congenita hygienists. rs61746354 the Illumina studies their crucial
Marazita, students within factors [​1​ ±​3​ ], (PC), a Each surface (K6b​Y497C​ ) was HiSeq 2000 function in the
M. L., schools. Our
particular
and cutaneous of each tooth associated with sequencing formation of
genome-wide disorder (excluding higher caries system. enamel and its
...Morasso, interest is in the
association characterized third molars) experience in resistance to decay
M. I. variation in
dental studies (GWASs) by nail was examined children, while Since K6 proteins
(2018). caries experience have revealed dystrophy and for evidence rs144860693 are also expressed
Genetic by race/ethnicity
at the individual
genetic variants painful of decay, from (K6b​G97R​ ) and in the oral
associated with palmoplantar which dental rs28538343 epithelium, and
variants in level and its
increased keratoderma caries indices (K6b​S143N​ ) were patients with PC
pachyonychi cross-level
interaction susceptibility to [​20​ , ​21​ ]. were associated with may
a with a tooth decay [​4 Additional generated. higher caries exhibit oral
±​8​ ]. These features of Three experience in adults leukokeratosis,
congenita-as compositional
school-level genetic this disease measurement (​Table 1​ ). These there could be a
sociated variable factors may may include s of caries results indicate that partial involvement
keratins measuring
poverty among
influence the oral experience the effect of specific of the oral cavity in
increase families of quality of dental leukokeratosis were polymorphisms in the increased
tissues and , follicular considered: keratin genes may susceptibility to
susceptibilit enrolled
ability to resist keratosis, (1) the differ across caries measured in
y to tooth carious attacks, cysts, number of dentition (primary this study.
decay. ​PLoS may hyperhidrosis, surfaces with vs. permanent). However, the fact
Genetics​, impact other and natal untreated that we found SNPs
aspects of the teeth. decay (DS/ds); that lead to a
14(​ 1), oral Some of these (2) higher number of
e1007168. environment phenotypic the traditional caries in children
doi:10.1371/ such as the traits are DMFS/dfs and not in adults
quality of the consistent indices which (same oral cavity
journal.pgen saliva, enamel with the represent the but different
.1007168 pellicle expression number of set of teeth)
and oral pattern of the decayed strongly suggests
microbiome, keratins (D/d), missing that defects in the
and may differ involved. due dental tissue itself
between the are the major factor
 primary and to decay (M), leading to this
permanent and filled (F/f) effect.
dentitions. tooth surfaces
(S/s) in the
permanent
(DMFS) and
primary (dfs)
dentitions;
and (3) the
partial DMFS
and dfs
indices limited
to the molars
and premolar
pit
and fissure
surfaces
which are at
high risk of
decay. DNA
samples were
collected via
blood,
saliva or
buccal swab.
Go, M., In this study, we Although This Our primary Our response The surveillance data School-based preventive A primary Public health strategies
examine disparities in oral cross-sectional data source was variable was the set contained dentistry programs limitation of this to reduce oral health
Rozier, R. G., racial/ethnic health are well study relied on the North dmft index information usually target high-risk study is that disparities need to
& Kranz, A. differences in described and secondary Carolina Oral score for each on 82 286 kindergarten schools, identified by school surveillance consider
M. (2015). dental caries have been data derived Health screened students in 1074 NSLP participation data provided us approaches that can
Dental caries: experience recognized as from multiple Surveillance kindergarten student schools in 95 of the rates.​40 I​ n this study, we with only reach high-risk
Racial and among important, sources to System, in state’s 100 counties. observed racial/ethnic 2 individual-level students in
ethnic kindergarten the causes of conduct a which has the study year, We excluded 4853 disparities in caries explanatory low-risk schools who
students in North racial/ethnic multilevel provided dichotomized for this students (5.9% of the regardless variables (race/ usually do not benefit
disparities Carolina using disparities analysis of racial individual-level study as sample) with missing of school NSLP ethnicity and from
among north a multilevel have not been fully and ethnic information no caries (dmft = 0) information on dmft participation, but a gender). The most school-based oral
carolina analysis with 2 explained in differences in on kindergarten versus some caries and significantly effects of SES at the health intervention
kindergarten levels, examining previous dental caries students’ caries (dmft ‡ 1). 66 students (<1% of greater disparity school level may be because
students. individual research. experience experience The primary the sample) with between Black and from residual their schools are not
American students within Individual-level among since 1996.​21 explanatory variable missing White students was confounding targeted. The most
schools. Our studies generally kindergarten Surveillance, of interest information on gender. observed in schools with at the individual efficient approach will
Journal Of particular identify residual students in which is was race/ethnicity. Limiting the analysis to lower NSLP participation level. Other studies likely require
Public Health,​ interest is in the differences in North Carolina designed to For this study, we Black, White, and report that community based
105​(12), 2503. variation in racial/ethnic provide included only Hispanic students individual-level methods with common
doi:10.2105/AJ dental groups after information on children identified as resulted in variables tend to be school-level strategies.
PH.2015.3028 control for all kindergarten non-Hispanic Black, the exclusion of 7267 more influential
84 students students (8.8% of the
 caries experience socioeconomic in all public non-Hispanic White, sample). on a child’s oral
by race/ethnicity status schools each or Hispanic because The interaction health status than
at the individual (SES) and other year, has of between child’s race/ variables from
level and its confounders.​4,6---9 averaged about the small sample ethnicity and school higher levels of
cross-level One promising 82% coverage of sizes of other groups. participation in the aggregation.​15,16
interaction direction in the average of The NSLP This weakness
with a understanding and 106 000 NCDPI also provided was significant in limited our ability
compositional resolving students in daily a continuous predicting caries to explore
school-level these disparities, attendance per measure of (model 4; Wald more precise
variable particularly at the year. the proportion of test statistic=25.9; mechanisms of
measuring conceptual Clinical students in each df=2; P<.001). racial/ethnic
poverty among level, is the assessments of school who disparities
families of consideration of the mouth are were participating in at the community
enrolled students. risk factors made by the National School level.
occurring dental public Lunch Program
at multiple levels, health (NSLP; dichotomized
such as the hygienists, who as
individual are trained <75% vs ‡ 75%).
child, family, by (1) didactic The final model
community, or sessions in included a cross-level
society as which their interaction
a whole.​10---13 knowledge term with the
of protocol is student
evaluated by race/ethnicity
written tests variable and NSLP
followed participation (model
by (2) clinical 4
calibration
sessions with a
gold standard
public health
dentist, in which
elementary
students of the
targeted age are
used.
This training
reportedly
provides data of
good
reliability and
validity for the
surveillance
system.
22

Gokhale, N., Hence, this Social status is Thus, 1000 Questions Dental caries is The n/a - As this is a The children of
& Nuvvula, study was reported to school going regarding multifactorial, socioeconomic questionnaire lower
children the
S. (2016). conducted be a powerful but the two status will have based study, socioeconomic
aged 3-12 socioecono
Influence of with the determinant
years from mic
main factors an impact on the the parents status and
socioeconomi objective of to affect that children
c and correlating child’s health. various and the can have a knowledge and may try to with both the
working the working However, schools in working devastating attitude under report parents
Nellore status of the
status of and the effect on oral of parents​[3] ​and the facts, employed or
District, parents
the parents on socioeconomi mechanisms
Andhra were
health of hence, can which is the working had
the incidence c status of by which
Pradesh, included;
children are impact parental main increased
of their parents with social status India, the the social status care. In drawback of the risk to dental
children's the dental might were socioecono and the the present questionnaire- caries. Efforts by
dental caries. caries influence randomly mic division parental care. study, children of based studies. the government
​Journal Of status of health remain selected for was based higher - Only the and
this study. on the
Natural their underspecifie socioeconomic representative nongovernmenta
The study Kuppuswam
Science, children. d. By and
was y
group were at a population l organizations
Biology & large, three
approved by classification
lower risk of from different are obligatory to
Medicine​, measures the .​[3] ​The caries (6.4%), areas implement
7(​ 2), 127. of social institutional selected which was of the district programs at the
status as ethics children evident by the was enrolled, school level to
doi:10.4103/0 predictors of committee. were odds ratio; and the entire enhance oral
Pretested examined by
976-9668.184 adverse however, population and dental health
questionnair a
697 health
e forms to single
children from was not care among
outcomes lower studied, as this children.
be filled by calibrated
are assessed, parents examiner socioeconomic is a
i.e., income, were (principal status family cross-sectional
education, distributed investigator) showed a greater study.
and to the for dental risk for Hence, a study
occupation or children. caries, using developing dental with the
the criteria
a caries (46%), inclusion of
as given by
combination which is entire
Klein et al.,​[4]
of these and the consistent with population
factors.​[1] caries were previous reports.​[ should be
recorded taken up to
onto a assess the
standardize association of
d density
the
functional
working and
theory and
dynamical socioeconomic
mean field factors of the
theory parents on
recording dental caries in
form their children
 by a trained
assistant.

Jain, S., & Dental caries is However, the A total of The plaque G.V. Black classified The dried
n/a Hegde Chaitra et Conclusively, the
the most present study sixteen were removed carious lession into leaves extract of al. (2012) study revealed that
Upadhyay, prevalent and was carried out persons were with the help six classes based on Punica granatum was observed that the Bacteria are
T. (2017). chronic diseases to compare the randomly of sterile tooth their location- Class found more effective chloroform and considered as
Quorum among dental antibacterial selected as picks from the I: caries and Acacia nilotica ethyl acetate causative agents of
quenching problems like activity of volunteers for oral cavity of lession on the was effective at extracts exhibited dental
periodontal, aqueous the present each occlusal areas or 0.40% concentration. maximum caries. It might occur
of bacteria
tooth loss, preparation of study. Out of volunteers bucccal areas or But in case of fresh inhibition against either in healthy,
causing gingivitis, dried and fresh sixteen comes under lingual pits on the leaves extract, S. aureus (10 smokers, chewers as
dental toothache, leaves extract of persons, four these tooth surface; Class Eucalyptus globulus ±0.05 mm and 16 well as chewers with
caries mouth ulcers, Punica granatum, persons known categories. II: on was found more ± 0.20 mm, smokers.
through gum bleeding Eucalyptus to be tobacco Then the the posterior effective and respectively) and Dental caries can be
and globulus, chewer plus plaque samples occlusal and Mangifera indica was methanolic caused by both Gram
herbal toothache. It is Mangifera indica smoking, four from a given interior proximal least effective at extract was found positive and Gram
formulation. mainly caused and Acacia tobacco volunteer were surface of the 0.40% concentration. to exhibit better negative bacteria,
Bio Science by sugar content nilotica against chewers, four placed in teeth; Class III: on The dried leaves inhibition against but Gram
Research in diet and the dental smokers and separate test the anterior extract of Eucalyptus the gram-positive positive bacteria play
bacteria such as microflora of four were tubes. In this inter-proximal globulus was found bacteria a major role in
Bulletin-Biol Streptococcus tobacco chewers normal way, four test surface of tooth; more effective and than the causing dental caries.
ogical and plus persons (who tubes were Class IV: on the Acacia nilotica was gram-negative General oral
Staphylococcus. smoking, tobacco were neither used to collect anterior least effective ones, with the microflora was high
Sciences,​ chewers, smokers smoker nor the plaque inter-proximal at 0.60% highest inhibitory in healthy persons
and normal tobacco samples from surface of the tooth concentration. But in zone against B. followed by smokers,
33(​ 2), 63.
persons (who are chewers). the volunteers including the incisal case of fresh leaves cereus (30 ± 0.32 chewers and chewers
doi:10.5958/ neither tobacco of one corners; Class V: on extract, Punica mm)[26]. Braga et with smokers. But, as
2320-3161.2 chewers category. the gingival third of granatum was found al. (2005) studied per our
017.00010.4 nor smokers) by Similarly, this the crown on facial more that pomegranate observation, caries
agar well process was or lingual effective and Acacia extract at a higher causing
diffusion method. repeated surface of the nilotica was least concentration microorganism were
for the tooth; Class VI: on effective at 0.60% (1%, more present in
collection of tip of the cusp of concentration. v/v) was found to smokers followed by
plaque samples posterior teeth. . completely inhibit chewers, chewers
from the other the growth of with smokers while
three Staphylococcus the least numbers
categories. All aureus FRI 722 found in healthy
the four test and persons
tubes of subsequent
each category enterotoxin
were production [27]
immediately
brought to the
laboratory for
further
processing.
John, J. B., Hence, this cross The health status A total of 1028 Study protocol Majority of urban The dental caries Mother is an The present study Oral hygiene
sectional study of any school children was approved and suburban prevalence in this important figure in the used the monthly practices, dietary
Asokan, S., was planned to community is in the age by the (91.5% and 81%) current study ranged family and is usually income of the habits and access to
Aswanth, K. provide the base influenced by the range of 9-12 institutional school children from 55% considered parents of the dental care services
P., Priya, P. line data of interplay of years from review board used tooth paste to 89.3%. The tribal as the cornerstone of school children as played an important
G., & prevalence of health 12 government and ethical while only (73%) in school children had the family. Mother’s the parameter of role in prevalence of
dental caries consciousness of schools located committee tribal used 89.3% caries age, domicile, their dental
Shanmugaa
among school the people, in Palamalai approval was toothpaste. Tooth prevalence, education socioeconomic caries. It was
vel, A. K. going children of socio-cultural, and Kolli Hills obtained. A powder whereas it was 77% level, employment, status. observed that the
(2015). tribal, suburban demographic, (tribal), pilot study was was used more by in suburban and 55% level of anxiety, oral Monthly income socioeconomic
Dental and urban parts economic, Tiruchengode carried out tribal school in urban school health knowledge, was grouped into status, parents’
caries and of educational and (suburban) and among the children (22.40%) children. The pattern of two categories: educational
Tiruchengode political factors. Erode (urban), tribal, when compared mean DMFT among dental care utilization above and below status and mass
the and Erode, Tamil The common Tamil Nadu suburban and to the suburban tribal, suburban and and her oral health five media influenced the
associated Nadu State, beliefs, were included urban and urban groups urban school children status affects the thousand rupees. oral health of these
factors India. The traditional in the study. population (16% and 4.50% were child’s The overall mean children
influencing it objective of the customs, myths, Written to determine respectively). There statistically teeth and attitude DMFT score was but without a
study was to practices related consent from the sample size were no statistically significant different towards oral health.​22 lesser in the lower significant
in tribal, assess the to health and the principals for each group significant between the three Mothers’ positive oral income group. contribution.
suburban association of disease in turn of the (at 95% differences in the groups. A similar healthrelated But there was no Children of
and urban dental caries influence the concerned confidence mean DMFT and dft finding was observed attitudes lead to significant government
school with family health seeking schools was level; 5% scores based on the by Abhinav Singh better oral cleaning difference in the schools do not get
background, behaviour of obtained. precision) material used for (2011)​7 ​in tribal habits in children. mean sufficient
children of
dental service autochthonous A total of 1028 needed for the tooth brushing. Rao school children Since the DMFT score information on oral
Tamil Nadu, availability, (tribal) people. school children proposed et al.​9 in Udupi, Karnataka socioeconomic status between the two health, related
India: a transportation in the age study. A described various State, India. Higher of all the children was groups. Probably diseases
cross and knowledge range of 9-12 minimum materials like mean DMFT scores the same, mothers’ the children and methods of their
sectional on years from sample Manjan, nus were educational belonging prevention.
preventive 12 government of 138 tribal, (tobacco powder), also reported in status probably did not to the higher
study. dental measures schools located 185 suburban coal studies conducted in affect the caries status income group had
Journal Of among these in Palamalai and 369 urban (homemade burnt 8 European countries of these children. access to more
Public three groups and Kolli Hills children was coal in grinded and West frequent snacks
Health (tribal), needed for the form), Dantum Indies. Indigenous and
Tiruchengode study. (neem stick) used population of sweets.
Research​, (suburban) and for Guatemala, Central
4(​ 1), 23. Erode (urban), cleaning teeth in America with
doi:10.4081/ Tamil Nadu the tribal school mean DMFT of 10.2
jphr.2015.36 were included children. Bhat et also showed higher
in the study. al.​16 ​showed that levels of caries.​8
1
Written majority of tribal Contradictory
consent from population (79%) to these findings, Rao
the principals chew stick as oral et al.​9 ​found dental
of the hygiene aid. decay less prevalent
concerned However the above among
schools was mentioned tribal school children
obtained. products were not in Wardha,
 used by the tribal Maharashtra State,
children India. The tribal
in the present children in Mandu
study. district, Madhya
Pradesh, India
exhibited a low
prevalence of dental
caries, both in
primary and
permanent
dentitions,
compared to rural
and urban Indian
children of same age
groups

Neto, J. P.,
Mendes, K.
L. C., Wada,
R. S., & de
Sousa, M.
D. L. R.
(2017).

Relationship
between risk
classificatio
ns used to
organize the
demand for
oral health
in a small
city of Sao
Paulo,
Brazil.
Ciência &
Saúde
Coletiva,​
22(​ 6), 1905.
doi:10.1590/
1413-81232
017226.007
02016
Saido, M., There is Reduction of In this study, A total of Information
Asakura, K., evidence of dietary sugar we developed 5634 about the general
moderate intake is known a method to responded to lifestyle of
Sasaki, S.,
quality showing as an important estimate the the lifestyle children was
& that incidence strategy in dietary intake questionnaire collected using a
Masayasu, of dental caries preventing of free sugar (response four-page
S. (2016). is lower when caries. To using a diet rate: 58 %) questionnaire
Relationship the intake of reduce the history and 6257 to designed for this
between free incidence of questionnaire the diet study. In this
dietary sugar is\ 10 % health problems for Japanese history questionnaire, the
of total energy such as obesity preschool questionnaire guardians
sugar intake
intake per day, and dental children. We (64 %). The reported family
and dental but effect of caries, the WHO then two data sets structure, chronic
caries more reduction has recently examined the for lifestyle conditions of the
among (\ 5 % of total proposed relationship and dietary child requiring
Japanese energy intake) halving the between intake were dietary
preschool of free sugar recommended dental caries then merged restriction,
children is still unclear. free sugar and lifestyle (N = 6383: sleeping time of
Our study (sugars include factors, participants the child,
with
showed that monosaccharide including who educational
relatively lower energy s and dietary intake, submitted at background of
low sugar intake disaccharides using data least one the parents, and
intake from free added to obtained from questionnaire, weekly frequency
(Japan sugar, at foods and the Japan either lifestyle of teeth
Nursery approximately beverages by Nursery or diet brushing of the
School less than 5 % of the SchoolSHOKUI history child in the
total manufacturer, KU questionnaire, morning and
Shokuiku
energy intake cook or Study.Weparti or both). evening.
Study): A per day, did consumer, cularly Children with
nationwide not increase and sugars focused missing
cross-sectio the number of naturally on the values for key
nal Study. dental caries present in relationship questions
Maternal & among honey, syrups, between such as family
Child Health preschool fruit juices and low-range structure, sex,
children in fruit juice free sugar brushing habit
​Journal​,
Japan. The concentrates) intake in the
20(​ 3), intake of free intake, from 10 (\ 5 % of total morning, or
556-566. sugars % of daily energy intake educational
doi:10.1007/ between 5 to energy per day) and background
s10995-015- 10 % of total intake to 5 % [​2 dental caries. of mother,
1854-3 energy ]. and those
whose
 intake possibly guardian
increased the answered ‘‘I
number of don’t
dental caries. know’’ or who
had missing
data for the
number of
guardians-
reported
decayed or
filled caries
(abbreviated
as
‘‘reported
caries’’
hereafter)
were
excluded,
leaving 5244
children in the
merged
dataset.

Treerutkuar
kul, A., &
Gruber, K.
(2015,
September).
Prevention
is better
than
treatment:
developing
countries
face a
growing toll
of tooth
decay and
gum
disease that
can be
prevented.
Bulletin of
the World
Health
Organizatio
n,​ ​93​(9),
594-595.
doi:10.2471/
BLT.15.020
915

STEP 3: References (From the Controversies, disagreements with other authors’ column)
*Note: Always in APA format