27-nor

27-nor
Steranes C26 - C27
24-nor
24-nor 27-nor
27-nor

24-nor
24-nor

C26
26 Steranes

C27
27 Steranes

RETENTION TIME
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMANT
m/z 414 231
Cuyo Triassic
Lacustrine
Argentina

Eastern Basin Llanos

Tertiary Mixed UK-T
Marine Deltaic Marine
Venezuela Carb+Deltaic
Colombia
 Cuyo
Cuyo Triassic
Triassic
m/z 412 369 Lacustrine
Lacustrine
Hopane
Hopane
Argentina
Argentina

Eastern
Eastern Basin
Basin
Tertiary
Tertiary
Marine
Marine Deltaic
Deltaic
Venezuela
Venezuela
TT
Llanos
Llanos
Mixed
Mixed UK-T
UK-T
Marine
Marine
Carb+Deltaic
Carb+Deltaic TT Hopane
Hopane
Colombia
Colombia

T1
T1
W
W R
R
W2
W2 Hopane
Hopane
Steranes C26 Cuyo
Cuyo Triassic
Triassic
Lacustrine
Lacustrine 27
27 nor
nor
Argentina
Argentina
m/z 358 217
24
24 nor
nor

Llanos
Llanos
Eastern
Eastern Basin
Basin Mixed
Mixed UK-T
UK-T
Tertiary
Tertiary Marine
Marine
Marine
Marine Deltaic
Deltaic Carb+Deltaic
Carb+Deltaic
Venezuela
Venezuela Colombia
Colombia
"They
geophysicists
say it's still too
complex...can
you simplify it
a little more ?"
 C 30 Hopanes
C30 Hopanes
C
C29
29

Tm
Tm
28,30
28,30 -Bisnorhopanes
-Bisnorhopanes
Ts
Ts
18α
18α Oleanane
Oleanane

Gammacerane
Gammacerane
29,30
29,30 --
Bisnorhopanes
Bisnorhopanes

C 34 Hopanes
C34 Hopanes

HOPANES C 35 Hopanes
C35 Hopanes

M+ m/z191
OIL
OIL FIELDS
FIELDS FROM
FROM
VENEZUELA
VENEZUELA

Maracaibo

Orinoco Belt

(1.5 billion barrels oil in place)

MARINE DELTAIC
 13C PDB n-ALKANES, ‰
δ13

Carbon Number
Pristane/Phytane
L. Freshwater

L. Fresh / L. Brackish/Saline
Brackish

L. Hypersaline

δ13
13C PDB Whole Oil, ‰
 STUDIED SAMPLES

• Tertiary Marine Deltaic

Environments - Venezuela

• Lower Cretaceous Lacustrine

Environments - Brazil

• U. Jurassic Marine Carbonate

Environments - Mexico
 Fossil Flowering Plant Distribution is Comparable
to Oleanane Abundance Envelope
Oleanane/(Oleanane + Hopane), %

Number of Families
SCALE CHANGE

Moldowan et al, 1990

Fossil Flowering Plant Distribution is Comparable
to Oleanane Abundance
Oleanane/(Oleanane + Hopane), %
TERTIARY MARINE DELTAIC
U. CRETACEOUS MARINE
CARBONATE
COLOMBIA

Number of Families
U. JURASSIC MARINE CARBONATE
TRIASSIC LAUSTRINE
U. DEVONIAN MARINE ANOXIC

VENEZUELA

BRAZIL

LA LUNA TYPE
ARGENTINA

SCALE CHANGE

Moldowan et al, 1990

 MARINE CARBONATE
% HOMOHOPANES

CARBONATE HYPERSALINE

CARBONATE/SILICICLASTIC

HOMOHOPANES
 C28 100%
L. Hypersaline
L. Brackish/Saline
L. Fresh / Brackish
L. Freshwater

C27 100% C29 100%

Sterane / Methylsterane
L. Fresh / Brackish

L. Freshwater

L. Brackish/Saline
L. Hypersaline

Hopane/Sterane
MARINE DELTAIC PROXIMAL

C29
C29
Pr
Pr
Ph
Ph

Retention Time (min)

MARINE HYPERSALINE

Ph
Ph
Pr
Pr

Retention Time (min)

MARINE DELTAIC DISTAL

C27
C27
Pr
Pr
Ph
Ph

Retention
Retention Time
Time (min)
(min)
MARINE DELTAIC CARBONATE

Ph
Ph
Pr
Pr

Retention Time (min)

LACUSTRINE HYPERSALINE WATER
Steranes
M+ m/z 217

C27
C27

C28
C28

C29
C29

C30
C30
Retention Time (min)
LACUSTRINE HYPERSALINE WATER
Terpanes C30
C30 Hopane
Hopane
M+ m/z 191
Gammacerane
Gammacerane

Ts
Ts
C29
C29
Tm
Tm
C28
C28
C34
C34
Hopanes
Hopanes
C35
C35
Hopanes
Hopanes

Retention Time (min)

LACUSTRINE HYPERSALINE WATER

δ13
13
C = -25.7 ‰

Ph
Ph
Pr
Pr

n-C 23
n-C 23 β

Retention Time (min)

 LACUSTRINE FRESHWATER

δ 13
13 C = -29.3 ‰

23
n-C 23
n-C
Pr
Pr
Ph
Ph

Retention Time (min)

LACUSTRINE FRESHWATER
C30
C30 Hopanes
Hopanes
Terpanes
M+ m/z 191

C29
C29
Ts
Ts Tm
Tm

C34
C34 Hopanes
Hopanes
C35
C35 Hopanes
Hopanes

Retention Time (min)

 LACUSTRINE FRESHWATER
Steranes
M+ m/z 217

C27
C27

C28
C28

C29
C29

C30
C30

Retention
Retention Time
Time (min)
(min)
 HYPERSALINE
Pr
Pr Ph
Ph

CARBONATE

Pr
Pr Ph
Ph

CARBONATE / SILICICLASTIC

Pr
Pr Ph
Ph

Retention
Retention Time
Time (min)
(min)
 0.8
0.8
Nordiacholestane Ratio [24/(24+27)]
0.7
0.7

0.6
0.6

0.5
0.5

0.4
0.4

0.3
0.3

0.2
0.2

0.1
0.1

00

Geologic Age (my)

modified
modified from
from Holba
Holba et
et al.,
al., 1997
1997
 MARINE DELTAIC

PROXIMAL
CCl
laayy PROXIMAL
OL/C30 HOPANES

TERTIARY

DISTAL
DISTAL

CARBONATE
CARBONATE

C
Caarrbboon
naattee
CRETACEOUS

C35/C34 Hopanes
 MARINE DELTAIC

PROXIMAL
C27/C29ββ

CARBONATE

DISTAL

OL/C30Hopane
 MARINE CARBONATE
CARBONATE

e
at
on
C29/C30 HOPANES

rb
Ca
HYPERSALINE

CARBONATE/SILICICLASTIC

y
Cla

C35/34 HOPANES
% HOMOHOPANES MARINE CARBONATE

CARBONATE
HYPERSALINE

CARBONATE/SILICICLASTIC

HOMOHOPANES
 MARINE CARBONATE

Ph
Ph
Pr
Pr

Retention Time (min)

MARINECARBONATE / SILICICLASTIC

Ph
Ph
Pr
Pr

Retention Time (min)

LOCATION MAP

SÃO
SÃO LUIS
LUIS
POTIGUAR
POTIGUAR
BRAZIL
SERGIPE
SERGIPE
ESPÍRITO
ESPÍRITO SANTO
SANTO

TAUBATÉ
TAUBATÉ
PARANÁ
PARANÁ
 Steranes
Regular Steranes

TERTIARY
+27nor-Diasteranes ++ Regular

Gua-Col
Gua-Col

Flor-Col
Flor-Col
TRIASSIC
24nor-/24-nor +27nor-Diasteranes

Cus-Col
Cus-Col
PALEOZOIC Buen-Col
Buen-Col
Cuyo-Ar
Cuyo-Ar
Per-Col
Per-Col
JURASSIC Cuyo-Ar
Cuyo-Ar
Agua-Ar
Agua-Ar
Neuq-Ar
Neuq-Ar Neuq-Ar
Neuq-Ar
C26 24nor-/24-nor
C26

C26
C26 24nor-/24-nor
24nor-/24-nor +27nor-
+27nor- Regular
Regular Steranes
Steranes
 27-nor
27-nor Steranes C26 - C27
24-nor
24-nor
27-nor
27-nor
By MRM
24-nor
24-nor

C26 Steranes

C27 Steranes

RETENTION
RETENTION TIME
TIME
ORGANIC RICH ROCKS

Foz
Foz do
do Amazonas
Amazonas
Pará-Maranhão
Pará-Maranhão
Ceará
Ceará
Potiguár
Potiguár
Sergipe-Alagoas
Sergipe-Alagoas
Bahia
Bahia Sul
Sul
Esp.
Esp. Santo
Santo
Campos
Campos
Santos
Santos Marine deltaic
Open marine siliciclastic
Open marine anoxic
Marine carbonate
Marine hypersaline
Lacustrine saline water
Lacustrine freshwater
We have developed a method of
determining the extent of oil cracking
based on diamondoids and biomarkers

Steranes

Diamondoisds
RECÔNCAVO BASIN MATA CATUFAULT

RECÔNCAVO BASIN MATA

A
IINNA CATUFAULT

HH
B

IGG
NN B

HHI
UUAA
RRA
IITT
A
QQ W W

AAN
LLOO
POO

NAA
AAP

GGR
RAA
--AA
M

RRA
MAAT

AÇÇ
TAA C

AA
FFA
G H ÃÃO

CAAT
H O

AUU
HHIIG. JJOO

LLT
TUU F

T
DD.

FAAUU

MIGRATION
V2 == MIGRATION
LLTT

CENTRAL
CENTRAL
PART
PART
II
ARR
WW AÇÇA
LLOO AMMA
CCA

FIELDS
FIELDS PERPENDICULAR
PERPENDICULAR
TO THE FAULT
V2

TO THE FAULT
FIELDS
FIELDS ALONG
ALONG THE
THE FAULT
FAULT
SALVADOR
SALVADOR

V1
V1 == MATURITY
MATURITY
GEOCHEMICAL LOG
Lacustrine fresh water
 EXTENT OF CRACKING
IN POTIGUAR BASIN
AG1RNS
4-Methylstigmastane 20R

RNS7

AGRN5
Zone
Zone ofof Biomarker
Biomarker Generation,
Generation,
Dilution
Dilution and
and Early
Early Cracking
Cracking

AG13RNS

Beginning
Beginning of
of oil
oil cracking
cracking

Increasing
Increasing thermal
thermal evolution
evolution
FCN3RN
FCN5RN RNS125 RNS120
RNS27

Diamomdoids
GEOPHYSICISTS (TRAPPED)

GEOCHEMISTS (HCs)
BRAZILIAN DEEP CORING PROGRAM

ANOMALIAS
GEOQUÍMICAS (C2+)