 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


E‫א‬‫א‬F١ – 

٢٠٣
  ٢٠٣  
 
 ١J   

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬??? ١?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F١ J
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 E‫א‬F‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 J W‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K٣L ٤٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
F٣L٣٥٠‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٣J ١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
٤‫א‬‫א‬ E٤F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٢-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

K‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ٣J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٤F E٣F ٣J ٣J ١
،‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬٦J ٣J ١
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬ •
 F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٢ F،E‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

(‫ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬-١٠١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

(‫ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺓ‬-١٠٢ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤J ١
٣٥٠F‫א‬E١F‫א‬ ‫א‬١J ٤J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣L
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬٣J ٤J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٤J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٤J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧J ٤J ١
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
‫א‬J ١٠٣  FK
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬

(‫ﺇﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﻨﺠﻴﺔ‬-١٠٣ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F
K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩J ٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E? ?? ?‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٢  F، ‫א‬EF‫א‬
KE‫א‬
K‫א‬١٠J ٤J ١
 W‫א‬‫א‬٥J ١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥J ١

-٥-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥J ١
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٥J ١
 K‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W
J ١٠٤  F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬-١٠٤ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬( H, G, F, E, D, C, Ά, A )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J  J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(CH)‫א‬KE٥J ٤J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬(FA)‫א‬‫א‬
K(CH) (FA)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬KDGBEFADG‫א‬
 K‫א‬EBCH‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
J ١٠٥  F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﺑﺮﻭﺯﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺚ‬-١٠٥ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
C = (S-1) Cm
K(c)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢
E
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

J ١٠٥  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻑ‬-١٠٦ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(AB) K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KBA‫א‬CBDA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫א‬‫א‬(5,4,3,2,1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬،٦K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEEF‫א‬F‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W١J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E١F‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬E٢F ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٧  F،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

( ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻞ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬-١٠٧ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٣J ١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٨ F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٧ F‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬
E٢٥FEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

(‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬-١٠٨ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١
KE٢F ‫א‬‫א‬E
 ٢F
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥J ١
‫א‬KE‫א‬KKK،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬KK‫א‬––‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–FE‫א‬KKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J 
‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 K‫א‬ EF
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬J ١٠٩ F،‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

(‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻄﻦ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺯ‬-١٠٩ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J 
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬KKK
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬ EF
 K‫א‬
‫א‬E ٣L
 ٤٥٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J WE‫א‬KK––F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬E٣٠
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬‫א‬J ٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣
‫א‬HFK ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(c-26)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(5kg)H(c-26)‫א‬(2-3kg)H16kg
 K E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬
‫א‬E٢٥FE١٢F‫א‬ K١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
‫א‬K ‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬EF
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٤٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣J ٤
 K‫א‬KE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤J ٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E ‫א‬F K١٦
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٧
‫א‬E٣٠J ٢٥F‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٢
 ٣٠{٠٢٥
 ٣٠{٢٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

K٩‫א‬
K٣٠{٠٤٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣‫א‬
K٠{٢٥W(C-26)‫א‬
K١{٢٥W

 W‫א‬
٢،E‫א‬F٢‫א‬‫א‬٢٣٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬٣،EF

- ١٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٩
KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
٣٥٠٢١EF‫א‬‫א‬ K٢١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٣L
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٢
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EJ ١١٠  F،‫א‬‫א‬
E ٣٠C٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KAB‫א‬‫א‬??

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

( ‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﳊﻤﺎﻡ‬-١١٠ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
E٥F‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 WE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
c = 350 – 3 – 10 = 337 cm    
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 337 / 30+0.3 = 11.12

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

- ٢١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 11 x 30.3 =333.3 cm   


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬J ١١١ F،‫א‬

(‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬-١١١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KADBC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
BC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬E 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ AD
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١٢ F،‫א‬

- ٢٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

( ‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ‬-١١٢ ‫) ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬


‫א‬‫א‬J ١  F،‫א‬E٢،١F‫א‬J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

( ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺓ‬-١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤،٢،٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ FJ ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

( ‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﻂ‬-٢ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬‫א‬E٦،٥F‫א‬‫א‬J
KE٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤،٢FE٣،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦،٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬
E٤،٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
،٢F‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢   FEKK،٦،٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KCD‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٨،٧F
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣ 
E١٢،١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٤،١٣F‫א‬‫א‬J
،E١٢،١٠FE١١،٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢،١١F‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢،١١F‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬K(AB)‫א‬‫א‬(C-D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
‫א‬J ٣ F–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦،١٥F‫א‬
E١٨،١٧F‫א‬‫א‬E١٦،١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K (AB)‫א‬‫א‬E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(AB)‫א‬‫א‬(C-D)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(D-C)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KJ ١٢
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

- ٢٥ -
‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ٢٠٣‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ١J ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ -٣‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ(‬

‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ -٤‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺳﲑﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮﺩ(‬

‫‪- ٢٦ -‬‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KJ ١٣
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬J ‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KJ ١٤
 K‫א‬
 W
E
 ‫א‬J ‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KE٣L٤٥٠F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٠{٥F ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K 

( ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﻧﺔ‬-٥ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

- ٢٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W
E
 F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬J ٥ FK‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 ‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬KJ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ٢٠E ١FE ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K ٢٥E٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF  ٪٣٠
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ٪٦٠
KE‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EF ٪٥
 KEF  ٪٤
 K  ٪١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬HE‫א‬FHW
 KEHFW‫א‬
 KE‫א‬HHFW
 K‫א‬‫א‬HHWEF‫א‬
 KHW
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬HW

- ٣٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K K١
KEF K٢
KW K٣
KW K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E‫א‬KKK ‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ٤٨F٢٤‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
٢٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE ٤٨‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 KEF‫א‬  K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
KEJ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪٦٠
 ٪٢٥
 ٪١٥
KK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE
٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬J ١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬ E٢٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢
E
 F‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K
 W‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬J ١J ١
٢L٠{٠٥ J  
٢L٠{٣٥ J 

٢L٠{٣٥  J 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J 
٢L٠{٤ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫…א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
J   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬٠{٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.(Grid Iron)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٥٠C٤٠ ١٠J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Expanded Metal)‫א‬‫א‬
J ٦  F–٢L ١{٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ٢٠
 KE

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

(‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻚ ﻣﻌﺪﱐ ﳑﺪﺩ‬-٦ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬٥(over lap)‫א‬‫א‬
K ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١W٢
٣،٥‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J ٧  F،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧  F،E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﱐ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬-٧ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
(‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﱐ‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

(‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬-١٢٠ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

- ٣٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EFiber board)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬J ١٢١ F‫א‬KKK

( ‫ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺃﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬-١٢١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

- ٤٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ K١١
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٢ F
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٢ F،E‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
 W
‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
K٢L٣،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


( ‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎﺕ‬-١٢٢ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 ‫א‬W 
–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬J ١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬١J ١
E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬١١J ١J ١
‫א‬J  ‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬KKK‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ١
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠،‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠–٨‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WB ‫א‬E١{٢F‫א‬‫א‬J ١
B1, 2 = √25+25 = √50 = 7.1m

 ‫א‬ B‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
VB = ( 7.1 x 1) D100 = 0.071m = 7.1cm
 K(7.1cm)‫א‬21‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 E١{٢FCBA‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
VA,c = 5 x 1 = 5 cm VD = 5 cm
 E‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٣ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

(‫ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬-١٢٣ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

E٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬٢J ١
٣٣L ٣٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬KKK‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣J ١F‫א‬
،E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٤  F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K٣

 ‫א‬J ١٢٥ F‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 KE٠J 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

(‫ﺎﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬‫ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﺍﺭ ﺍ‬-١٢٤ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬



(‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ‬٠-‫ ﺷﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﺖ‬-١٢٥ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  
K‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K E٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٦ F–‫א‬
‫א‬E٣F K ‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

( ‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺕ‬-١٢٦ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEJ ١٢٧ FK‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

( ‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﻼﻁ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺭﲰﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬-١٢٧ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬،E ‫א‬J ١٢٨ F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٪١F‫א‬‫א‬

(‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻼﻁ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ‬-١٢٨ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
K ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
200 x 0.01 = 2cm
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 KEK‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ D ‫ و‬A ‫ و‬B‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 WAD‫א‬(0.00)O‫א‬‫א‬KEO
Vb = Va = (A0) x (0.01) = 200 x 0.01= 2.00 cm
Vd = (D0) x (0.10) = 283 x 0.01 = 2.83 cm
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬DA‫א‬K٣
(O)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ B A‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬–E‫א‬J ١٢٩ F–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E OBF(A,O)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

(‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ‬-١٢٩ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 AD‫א‬‫א‬AD
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WEWood FloorF‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬(Wood Sleepers)‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬ ٣C١{٥٣C٣٢C٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬
 K
‫א‬–‫א‬٤٥–٣٥‫א‬‫א‬J 
–‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 FEF–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣٠

(‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬-١٣٠ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Floor Clip)‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

J ١٣٠  FEF‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ١٣٠  F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
EPlank FloorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–٨(Knots)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٢{٨١{٩‫א‬١٢
(Toenailing)?
 ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣١  F٤‫א‬
‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬F‫א‬٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦‫א‬٦x٦،‫א‬٤x٤‫א‬
٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬
 FEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣٠
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 EParquet FloorsF‫א‬٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Sub-Floor)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬،E
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣١  FEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤L٣٢٠J ١٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٣١  FE،FK(Toenailing)?
 ‫א‬?
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EWood BlockF‫א‬٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢١{٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
J ١٣١  FEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

(‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻛﺶ‬-١٣١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

EOnePieve floors Or thin tilesF‫א‬‫א‬J 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WEFJ ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥J ٣‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٣x٣‫א‬K 
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E F٠{٤٠E
 F٠{٨٠٤٠
‫א‬،٣٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬
‫א‬،٦٠{٥‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢{٠٠
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬،‫א‬J ٦٥‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬٢٦‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W٢١٢٠x٢٠٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ٢٠x٢٠٢٥
 ١٥x١٥٤٤
 K١٠x١٠١٠٠
 W٢٢١
 K‫א‬‫א‬٨H٢٠{٥١٧
K‫א‬ ‫א‬١٥x١٥٢٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K٢٤٠–٣٠
٥٨{٣٠‫א‬E ٤L٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
K٦٠{٢٥‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬١٢
 K٢٣٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٢٤٥٢٣٥‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 K‫א‬٢٨٠
‫א‬K ‫א‬٢١٠J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٢٥




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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

 ‫א‬‫א‬W 
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺻﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻁ‬١٥ ‫ﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﳊﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺳﻢ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﱐ‬١ ‫ﺳﻢ ﰒ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﲰﻨﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬٢ – ١,٥ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ﻳﺘﺮﻭﺍﺡ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ‬
– ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ‬

 KE‫א‬J ١٣٢ F



( ‫ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬-١٣٢ ‫) ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J WE‫א‬‫א‬٦٤J ٥٩

- ٥٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K
‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K

‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺐ ﺍﳋﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬..‫ﻭﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻷﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﺳﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺳﻄﺤﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﻠﺲ ﰒ ﻳﻔﺮﺩ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﻔﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻁ‬٣– ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬
‫ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺐ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﺳﻢ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ‬٢ ‫ﺳﻢ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻮﻧﺔ‬٣ ‫ﺳﻢ ﰒ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﲰﻚ‬٢ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ﺳﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳊﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ )ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﲔ ﰲ‬٥ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮ ﲰﻚ‬

 KE‫א‬J ١٣٢ F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣١٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
١٠(Over Lap)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F–٢‫א‬‫א‬٢ ‫א‬٢‫א‬٧–٣
 KE‫א‬J ١٣٣ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

‫א‬،‫א‬??
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬



(‫ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬-١٣٣ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

- ٦٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

،‫א‬‫א‬،،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
K١٤٢٣،‫א‬

K١٩٩١،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،، J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬، ، J ٣
K١٩٩٩،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،، J ٤
K٢٠٠١،‫א‬

،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
K١٩٩٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
K١٩٨٢،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

7- Barry, R., The construction of Buildings, U.K., Blackwell Science,

1996.

8- Garcia, David Fernandez, Construction Encyclopedia, Hugo

Quiroga Capovilla, Malaga- Spain, 1996.

9- McKay, W.B., Building Construction, U.K., London, Long man

Group Ltd., 1998.

10- Ochida, T.& M. Kita and Others, Performance and Durability of

New Flexible Adhesive for External Wall Finish, Japan, Urawa,
Konishi Co. Ltd., 1999.

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 ‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

١ W‫א‬‫א‬
١ W‫א‬‫א‬
١ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١ W‫א‬‫א‬
١ W‫א‬‫א‬
١ W‫א‬‫א‬
٢ E‫א‬F‫א‬W
٢ J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
٢ J W‫א‬‫א‬J ١
٦ J W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
٦ W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
٧ W
٧ W‫א‬‫א‬
٨ W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢
٨ W
٩ W
٩ W‫א‬‫א‬
١٠ W١J ٥
١٠ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
١٠ W‫א‬‫א‬J ١
١٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
١٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
١٤ WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢
١٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢
١٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
١٥ W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣
١٥ W‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

١٥ W‫א‬‫א‬
١٥ W‫א‬‫א‬
١٥ W‫א‬‫א‬
١٦ W‫א‬‫א‬J 
١٦ W‫א‬‫א‬
١٦ W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣
١٧ W‫א‬
١٨ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
١٨ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
١٩ W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
١٩ W‫א‬
٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬W
٢٠ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
٢٠ W
٢١ W‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥ W
٢٧ W
٢٧ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
٢٩ W
٣٠ ‫א‬W 
٣٠ W‫א‬KJ 
٣٠ W‫א‬J 
٣١ W
٣١ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣١ W‫א‬‫א‬
٣١ W‫א‬‫א‬
٣٢ W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

٣٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٢ W‫א‬‫א‬
٣٢ W‫א‬‫א‬
٣٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٢ W
٣٣ W‫א‬‫א‬J 
٣٤ W‫א‬J 
٣٤ W‫א‬J ١
٣٤ W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
٣٤ W‫א‬J 
٣٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
٣٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
٣٥ W‫א‬J ١J ١
٣٥ W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢J ١
٣٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
٣٦ ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
٣٦ W‫א‬‫א‬J 
٣٦ W
٤٠ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
٤١ W
٤٣ ‫א‬W 
٤٣ W‫א‬‫א‬J 
٤٣ W‫א‬J ١
٤٣ W‫א‬١J ١
٤٣ W‫א‬‫א‬١١J ١J ١
٤٤ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ١
٤٤ W‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ١
 ‫א‬  ٢٠٣  
  ١J   

٤٤ W
٤٤ W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٦ W‫א‬٢J ١
٤٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١
٤٦ W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٨ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ١
٤٩ WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ١
٥٠ W
٥٠ W‫א‬‫א‬
٥١ W
٥١ WEWood FloorF‫א‬J ٢
٥٣ EPlank FloorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢
٥٣ EParquet FloorsF‫א‬٢J ٢
٥٤ EWood BlockF‫א‬٣J ٢
٥٦ EOne Pieve floors Or thin tilesF‫א‬‫א‬J 
٥٦ WEFJ ١
٥٦ W‫א‬J ٢
٥٦ W‫א‬J ٣
٥٧ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
٥٨ ‫א‬‫א‬W 
٥٨ W‫א‬‫א‬J 
٥٩ W‫א‬‫א‬J 
K‫א‬‫א‬> ‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS