Chapter 12

Ebrahim Forati
6/1/2012
1)

a)

Vcb = −Vec + Veb = 8.35 V

b)

Vbe = 0.65 V
Ib = 1 µ A
P = 0.65 µ W

2)

a)

Vgs = −0.2 V
Vdg = 3.2 V

b)

Pgs = Vgs I g = −20 PW

If current is going into the gate, 20 pW is generating in the junction.

3)

a)

Vcn = 400∡ 273

b)

Van − Vbn = 400∡33 − 400∡153 = 692.8∡3 V

c)

Vax = Van + Vnc + Vcx = 639.4∡31.12 V

d)

Vbx = Vba + Vax = 327.7∡116.15 V

4)

A power source having more than two terminals with different phases(amplitude or phase) between
terminals is called a polyphase source.

Economically they are more efficient for long distance power transmission.

For balanced sources, amplitudes of voltages between any two terminals are the same and they have

120 degrees phase difference.

5)

V21 =−V12 =−9 ∡ 30

V13 =V12 −V32 =9.97 ∡12.76

V34 =V31 +V14 =−9.97 ∡12.76 + 2 ∡10 = 7.97 ∡ −166

V24 =V21 +V14 =−9 ∡ 30 + 2 ∡10 = 7.15 ∡ −144

6)
 V12 = V14 + V24 = 9 − j − (3 + 3 j ) = 6 − 4 j = 7.2 ∡ − 33.7 V

V32 = V34 − V24 = 8 − (3 + 3 j ) = 5 − 3 j = 5.8 ∡ − 30.9 V

V13 = V14 − V34 = 9 − j − (8) = 1 − j = 1.4 ∡ − 45 V

7)

a)

I ab = 9 A
I cd = 8 A
I de = 9 A
I fe = −10 A
I be = 1 A

b)

125
R=
9

8)

a)

I gh = −5 A
I cd = 5 A
I dh = 1 A

I ed = −4 A
I ei = 3 A
I jf = −1 A
c)

Left mesh: 5 A

Middle mesh: 4 A

Right mesh: 1 A

9)

a) All of voltages

b) all except de and fj

10) they need higher power. If they don’t increase voltage, they will need higher current and therefore
thicker wires which is not economic.

11)

a)

Van = 110∡0
Vbn = −110∡0

b)

Vz 3 = 220∡0

c)

Van 2 1102
Pz1 = = = 242 W
Re( z1 ) 50
Van 2 1102
Pz2 = = = 121 W
Re( z2 ) 100
Van 2 2202
Pz3 = = = 484 W
Re( z3 ) 100
PVan = − [ 242 + 484 / 2] = −484 W
PVan = − [121 + 484 / 2] = −363 W
d)

resistor and capacitor

R=100 ohm

1 1
= 90 ⇒ C = = 29.47 µ F
ωC 2π × 60 × 90

12)

I1 = 1.8∡ − 128.4 A
I 2 = 0.58∡179.2 A
I1 = 1.68∡ − 0.24 A

a)

P1 = 3.47 Watts
P2 = 0.33 Watts

b)

P200Ω = 488.55 Watts

P50Ω = 256.8 Watts
P10 Ω = 3.37 Watts

c)

Ptotal = 748.72 Watts

Q=500 × I22 = 168.68
748.72
cos ϕ = = 0.9755
748.722 + 168.682

13)

a)
 cos(ϕ ) = 0.9806

b)

C = 3.2 mF

14)

a) I=0 A

b)

z = 155 + 25 j Ω
or
z=250-67j Ω

15)

a)

400∡33 + 400∡ − 87 + 400∡ − 207 = 335 +217j+21 -399j-356 +181j=0

b)

positive sequence. Because,

∡Vbn = ∡Van − 120

16)

240
Ia = = 1.45∡ − 72.3 A
50 + 2π × 50 × 0.5i

240∡ − 120
Ib = = 1.45∡ − 192.3 A
50 + 2π × 50 × 0.5i

240∡120
Ic = = 1.45∡ 47.7 A
50 + 2π × 50 × 0.5i

b)

cos(ϕ ) = 0.3
c)

P = 3 V I cos ϕ = 3 × 240 ×1.45 × 0.3 = 313.2 Watts

17)

a)

Van = 208∡ 0 V
Vbn = 208∡ − 120 V
Vcn = 208∡120 V
Vab = 3 × 208∡30 V
Vbc = 3 × 208∡ − 90 V
Vca = 3 × 208∡ − 210 V

I aA = 208∡ 0 mA
I bB = 208∡ − 120 mA
I cC = 208∡120 mA

b)

Van = 208∡ 0 V
Vbn = 208∡ − 120 V
Vcn = 208∡120 V
Vab = 3 × 208∡30 V
Vbc = 3 × 208∡ − 90 V
Vca = 3 × 208∡ − 210 V

I aA = 1.87 ∡ − 25.8 A
I bB = 1.87∡ − 145.8 A
I cC = 1.87∡94.2 A

C)
 Van = 208∡ 0 V
Vbn = 208∡ − 120 V
Vcn = 208∡120 V
Vab = 3 × 208∡30 V
Vbc = 3 × 208∡ − 90 V
Vca = 3 × 208∡ − 210 V

I aA = 1.87 ∡25.8 A
I bB = 1.87∡ − 94.2 A
I cC = 1.87∡145.8 A

18)

a)

Van = 208∡ 0 V
Vbn = 208∡ − 120 V
Vcn = 208∡120 V
Vab = 3 × 208∡30 V
Vbc = 3 × 208∡ − 90 V
Vca = 3 × 208∡ − 210 V

I aA = 205.9 ∡0 mA
I bB = 205.9∡ − 120 mA
I cC = 205.9∡120 mA

b)
 Van = 208∡ 0 V
Vbn = 208∡ − 120 V
Vcn = 208∡120 V
Vab = 3 × 208∡30 V
Vbc = 3 × 208∡ − 90 V
Vca = 3 × 208∡ − 210 V

I aA = 1.73∡ − 23.57 A
I bB = 1.73∡ − 143.57 A
I cC = 1.73∡96.43 A

c)

Van = 208∡ 0 V
Vbn = 208∡ − 120 V
Vcn = 208∡120 V
Vab = 3 × 208∡30 V
Vbc = 3 × 208∡ − 90 V
Vca = 3 × 208∡ − 210 V

I aA = 1.73∡23.57 A
I bB = 1.73∡ − 96.43 A
I cC = 1.73∡143.57 A

19)

a)

Z p = 0.926 − 0.261 j
208
Van = ∡ − 30 V
3
208
Vbn = ∡ − 150 V
3
208
Vcn = ∡90 V
3
b)

Vab = 208∡0 V
Van = 208∡ − 120 V
Van = 208∡120 V

c)

208
I aA = = 216.19∡15.7 A
0.926 − 0.261 j
IbB = 216.19∡ − 104.3 A
I cC = 216.19∡135.7 A

d)

P = 3R I = 3 × 0.926 × 216.192 = 129.84 kW

2

20)

a)

I = 6.8 A
z p = 8.5∡31.8 Ω

b)

I = 5.64 A
z p = 10.22∡ − 23.07 Ω

21)

a)

cos (ϕ ) = 0.9688

b)
 P = 22.76 kW

c)

cos ϕ = 0.9803
P = 18.36 kW

22)

a)

VL = 184.4 V

b)

V p = 106.4 V

23)

a)

210
P= I × 0.75 ⇒ I = 1.43 A
3
P=390 W

210
b) z = 3 ∡ − 41.4 = 63.6 − 56 j
1.43

1
znew = ≃1
1
+1
63.6 − 56 j
210
I ≃V =
3
2
 210 
P=  × 3 = 44.1 kW
 3
24)

300 300
Pc = 3VI = 3 ×
3 3 ztotal
a)
300 300
Pc = 3VI = 3 × = 22.76 kW
3 3(3.7 − 0.95 j )

b)

300 300
Pc = 3VI = 3 × = 18.36 kW
3 3(4.7 − 0.95 j )

25)

z = 0.774 -27.8j Ω
115
I= / z = 0.0664 + 2.3856j A
3
I = 2.38 A
 V2 
P = Re  3 ×  = 13.22 W
 z 

26)

cos(ϕ ) = 0.7
VL = 208 3
a) I P = 13.22 A
I L = 22.9 A

b)
 208 3
zp = ∡ − 45.6 = 27.25∡ − 45.6
13.22
znew = 9.44 − 9.44 j Ω
cos (ϕ new ) = 0.707
I L = 15.58 A
P = 3 × 208 × I L × 0.707 = 3.97 kW

27)

a)

z p = 0.0002 − 0.318 j Ω
400 3
Ip = = 2.17 KA
zp

b)

4003
I L = 3I p = = 3.77 KA
zp

c)

VL = 400 3

d)

cos(ϕ ) = 6.7 × 10−4

e)

P = 3VL I L cos(ϕ ) = 3 kW

28)
 z p = 94.2 + 195.5 j
400
IL = = 1.82 A
zp
VL = 400 3 V
I P = I L = 1.84 A
cos(ϕ ) = 0.4341

b)

VL = VP = 400 3
400 3
IP = = 3.19 A
zp
I L = 3I P = 5.53 A
cos(ϕ )=0.4341

29)

Y connection:

P = 948 W

Delta connection:

P = 2.88 kW

30)

a)
 10 k
3I p1 = = 25 A
400
25 k
3I p 2 = = 62.5 A
400
z1 = 48 Ω
z2 = 19.2 Ω
z1 = 36 + 31.75 j Ω
z 2 = 15.36 − 11.52 Ω
z1  z2 = 15.97 − 4.87 j Ω
cos(ϕ )=0.956 lead

b)

400
3 × 400 × 3 × × 0.956 = 27.5 kW
z1  z2

C)

400
I p1 = = 8.33 A
z1
400
I p2 = = 20.83 A
z2

31)

VL I L = 8.34 KVA
VL = 400 − RI L
RI L 2 = 100
⇒ I = 21.12 A
R=224 mΩ

32)
 160
Van = ∡ 240 V
3
I bB = 36.08∡95.54 A

33)

34)

35)

36)

a) 1.54 KW up scaled

b) 2.154 kW up scaled

c) 614 W up scaled

37) P=170.6 Watts

38)P=-184.54 Watts

39)

PA = 850 Watts
PB = −225 Watts

Yes, sum of them is the total power.

40)

P1 = P2 = P3 = 861.26 Watts

41)

There is no need to neutral line. If one of loads fails to open, phases remain correct without any need to
neutral ground.

42)

a)
 VAB = 208 3∡30 = 360∡30 V
VBC = 360∡ − 90 V
VCA = 360∡150 V

I A = 2.8∡ − 90 A
I B = 2.8∡ − 210 A
IC = 2.8∡30 A

b)

VAB = 208 3∡30 = 360∡30 V

VBC = 360∡ − 90 V
VCA = 360∡150 V

I A = 0.95∡ − 90 A
I B = 0.95∡ − 210 A
IC = 0.95∡30 A

43)

a) Yes, it is a delta connected load.

b)
 Van = 120∡0 V
Vbn = 120∡180 V
Vab = 240∡ 0 V

I Z AB = 96 − 48 j A
I Z AN = 2.4 + 16.8 j A
I Z BN = −37 + 15 j A
I a = 98.4 − 31.2 j A
Ib = −133 + 63 j A
I n = 34.6 − 31.8 j A

c) if I AN ≠ I NB .

44)

We can connect computer equipments as a Y load to the available three phase power.

208
Vp = = 120 V
3