Chapter 14

Cell Division
Turn to Chapter 14. Answer the following questions. This is an In-Class Assignment worth 100 points.

1. Name the 3 properties that distinguish various types of cells.

.Cells that never divide
.cells that rarely divede
.cells that divide frequently
2. What would happen if G1 phase cells were fused with M phase cells? The chromatin of the G1
phase nucleus underwent premature chromosomal compaction to form a set of elongated
compacted chromosomes. G2 phase cells with M phase cells?G2 chromosomes underwent
premature chromosomal compaction but unlike G1 nucleus, G2 chromosomes doubled.If a
mitotic phase fuse S phase ,the S phase became compacted.
.The DNA in the G2 phase start to condense like they are starting mitosis.
3. G1/S cyclins rise in late G1 and fall in G2. Mitotic cyclins rise in S and fall in M.
a. Take a look at Figure 14.5. G1/S cyclins are necessary to activate cdc2 Kinase. What is
this transition state called?G1 –S transition ,cdk and cyclin pphosphorlated and bind and
transit to move cell cyle.
b. What cyclins are necessary to activate cdc2 kinase to enter Mitosis? CDK2 activate
Cyclin A and E
4. Damage to DNA leads to the synthesis of proteins that directly inhibit the clyclin-cdk complex
that inhibits the kinase activity of G1 CDK. Why do you think this inactivation is advantageous?
-It drives the cell cycle
If cdk is inactivate , no cyclin in cell cycle so this leads to anticancer strategy for solid tumor.
5. How is cohesion different from a centromere? How is the kinetochore related?
-centromer is a region on which chromatid remain attached to on each other
-cohesion is a protein, so connected sister chromatids
. hold a siter chromatin
Kinetochore – a structure made of 100-plus proteins that assembles at the centromere
during prophase.

6. Explain the centrosome cycle in detail. Include the terms procentriole, G1-S & asters.

7. In what phase is the dissolution of the nuclear envelope? Promophase What are the mitotic
kinases called? Cdk1

8. What are the 3 groups of microtubules called during metaphase and what are their functions?
9. Prior to metaphase, Anaphase inhibitor called _securin_______________ is removed by
ubiquitin. At the end of metaphase separase is an active protease that is released. This
protease cleaves ____cohesin_______ which triggers the separation of sister chromatids.
10. What is the difference between Anaphase A and Anaphase B? How are chromosomal and polar
microtubules involved?