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Comp LB Eng Germ
Comp LB Eng Germ
English,
Dutch, and
High German
Note: the Proto-Germanic roots given here are simplifications of three sets of related roots that were similar in form
English Dutch German
Description
From *Se/*þe From *Hwa From *He From *Se/*þe From *Hwa From *He From *Se/*þe From *Hwa From *He
Masc. the who he de wie hij, ie der wer er
Neuter that what it dat wat het das was es
Nominative
Fem. she (who) ME/Dial hoo zij, ze (wie) sie, die (wer)
Plural they (who) zij, ze (wie) sie, die (wer)
Demonstrative this dit, deze dies-
Adverbial/Nominal so, thus while zo, dus wijl so Weile
Relative such which each zulk welke elk solch- welch- MHG elch-
Dual whether weder
Description English Dutch German
Masc./Neuter whom him wien (obsolete) hem dem wem ihm
Dative Fem. (whom) her (wie) haar der (wem) ihr
Plural them (whom) 'em (wie) hen/hun den (wem) ihnen
Masc./Neut. whose his diens wiens des(sen) wessen
Genitive
Fem./Plural their her dier wier haar der(en) ihr-
Locative there where here daar waar hier da, dar- wo, war- hier
Allative thither whither hither der wer(waarts) her hin wohin her
Ablative thence whence hence (van) daan (von) dannenwoher
Instrumental why, how hoe wie
I then when dan wanneer dann wann
Temporal/ Conjunctive
II than (when) (dan) (wanneer) denn wenn
From *Se/*þe From *Hwa From *He From *Se/*þe From *Hwa From *He From *Se/*þe From *Hwa From *He
Description
English Dutch German
ME = Middle English
Dial = West Midland English
MHG=Middle High German