1. 1.

SPORTS COMPLEX- CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

2. 2. INTRODUCTION • Sports, recreation or free time activities are now widely accepted as
fundamental elements of good quality life. • They are essential to the mental and physical
well being of humans and in general of any present-day society. • The oxford dictionary
defines sports as “the playing of games or partition on a competitive basis involving physical
exertion and skill”.
3. 3. INTRODUCTION • Sports complexes are essentially large theatres of entertainment,
which ought to be pleasant to visit, like a cinema, and at the same time also be social and
architectural land marks in towns and cities. • A sports complex is a closely knit well-
balanced grouping of indoor and out-door games facilities offering a wide range of activities
on a comparatively small land area.
4. 4. ROLE OF SPORTS “ An Idle man’s mind is a devil’s workshop” “All work and no play
makes, jack a dull boy” “The sound mind in the sound body” “That only the strong shall
thrive, that surely the weak will perish and only fit will survive” -Robert w. Service “The
preservation of health is a duty, few seen conscious that there is a thing such as physical
morality” -Hobert Spencer
5. 5. TYPES OF SPORTS COMPLEXES THE VARIATION AT THE PRESENT TIME: •The
leisure Centre- Commercially Sponsored •The Educational Sports Campus- Sports Are
Being Taught • The Community Sports Centre / Complex
6. 6. CONCEPTS OF SPORTS •It originates from the time when self presentation ceased to be
the sole presentation of the human beings. •Running and swimming were the only means to
move around in the olden days, for food and shelter •Archery was a hunting skill and even
wrestling and boxing (without gloves) used to get food and even for safety from wild animals
•Now these basic ways of survival are for the purpose of measuring the human beings
strength against other and as a source of entertainment.
7. 7. CONCEPTS OF A SPORTS COMPLEX CIRCULATION OUTDOOR CIRCULATION- The
Circulation should be with minimum movement to go the destination. Separate provision for
different entries should be provided to go to different games blocks and separate parking.
One should not follow the long way to go to one corner. Stairs should be provided for each
block with the toilets and refreshments.
8. 8. CIRCULATION OUTDOOR CIRCULATION- Public should not go thro’ players entry.
Many aisles should be provided to go down the sitting to reduce movement.
9. 9. CIRCULATION PARKING CIRCULATION-Parking is like that one can park their vehicle,
where they want to go. He should not follow the foot way movement or walking. The parking
is also of type that in case of some events general public can be restricted and out side
parking will also be like the public is near to their block.
10. 10. PARKING LAYOUT
11. 11. CIRCULATION ROAD CIRCULATION- Roads should be well linked to each block and in
case of events, different routs can be followed without disturbing VIP and player’s routs.
12. 12. CIRCULATION INDOOR CIRCULATION- Indoor circulation should be like that separate
routs for toilets/entries etc. for players and separate for public should be provided. No
disturbance to players should be from public, so sitting is at height and middle aisles are
there. Players entry can be used as public exit in peak hours like in event’s days, except
providing more entries for public. It saves space and more security is needed.
13. 13. ORIENTATION Generally the events start in evening and general games in evening and
morning. So East-West orientation is not preferred because sun movement is East to West
due South and sun will obstruct the player’s eyes. So North-South orientation is the best
suited one for almost all the games.
14. 14. ORIENTATION North light is provided in facility because seating games don’t want
window light. It is from the height so that no obstruction to players of sun light at lower level
as in Inderprasth Indoor Stadium. Swimming pool needs side light, so large openings are
provided and other games want all-rounded light at height, so windows are provided at the
back of seating in all directions as in next picture.
15. 15. CONCEPT OF DIFFERENT FORMS SWIMMING POOL- Every form should have
concept of its function. Swimming has the movement in one direction, so pitch should be
used which shows the diving after rising up.
16. 16. INDOOR GAMES- Dome or shell can be provided in the Badminton, Basket Ball or
Gymnasium because dome has its movement around its axis and these games have
movement around net or all around.
17. 17. CONCEPT OF MATERIAL USED AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Material should be light
weight, because it is cheap and easy to cast or renovate. So only steel and A.C. sheets with
trusses or space frame, thin R.C.C. shells etc. are used and can be moulded in any form.
False ceiling is done underside of roofs for insulation. Thermocol, A.C. Decking etc. can also
be used to cover larger spans. Steel is the only suitable material which can be used to cover
spans without columns.
18. 18. FORM-ACTIVE STRUCTURE SYSTEM Fully form-active structures are normally used
only in circumstances where a special structural requirement to achieve a high degree of
structural efficiency exists, either because the span involved is very large or because a
structure of exceptionally light weight is required. They have geometries which are more
complicated than post-and-beam or semi-form-active types and they produce buildings which
have distinctive shapes.
19. 19. Included in this group are compressive shells, tensile cable networks and air supported
tensile-membrane structures. In almost all cases more than one type of element is required,
especially in tensile systems which must normally have compressive as well as tensile parts,
and form active shapes are frequently chosen for the compressive elements as well as for
the tensile elements. In the case of large building envelopes, the loads which are applied are
predominantly of the distributed rather than the concentrated type and the form-active
geometry is therefore curved.
20. 20. LAND SCAPING Heavy foliage trees for outer walls to welcome as vista should be used.
It provides shade to the parking also. Shrubs and hedges should be used adjoining the high
roofed structures in contrast to give relief from conc. jungle and matching to human heights.
They should be used in-between buildings and parkings/pathways to physically segregate
but visually linkage and shade to people sitting outside.
21. 21. ARRANGEMENT FOR VIP/VVIP SEATING The separate entry and seating parallel to
the arena at some higher place should be provided. Moat has to be given to resist articles
thrown by the spectators.
22. 22. ARRANGEMENT FOR GENERAL SEATING The separate entry and seating tires can be
placed all around the arena in multi levels with proper stair-cases and other services at every
entrance. The chairs should be placed diagonally. The tiers should be free from columns, but
not as shown.
23. 23. ARRANGEMENT FOR GENERAL SEATING The total height of seat should be 1200mm
(4’0”) (from base of lower tread to top of height of man) Seat height = 450mm (1’6”) Seat
width = 800mm (2’8”) Seat depth/person = 350mm wide (1’2”) Gap of one person to legs of
other person on behind row = 250mm Width of legs of persons = 200mm (8”) Tread width =
32-36” Riser = 3 or 4” to 22.5” Width of aisle tread = 36”
24. 24. ARRANGEMENT FOR AUDIO-VISUAL / LIGHTING / CAMERA / MEDIA Camera block
should be at the top of stadium and in the centre / different locations to get full view and
direct view to arena.
25. 25. For hockey, football, volleyball, badminton, tennis and table tennis: No. of cameras req.
are 5. They should be placed with the side-line, goal line (base-line) and centre line and
these should be at the higher level and one at an eye level with the centre line.
26. 26. In swimming pools: The camera should be placed one at the behind or above the result
board or in the spectator’s gallery, one along the Pod-deck on tracking and one under water
for diving.
27. 27. Lighting should be such that it should not reflect into the eyes of players/spectators and
enlighten the full arena
 28. 28. For arena, horizontal illumination should be 500Lux and vertical illumination should be
300Lux. Halogen lamps of 1000w with dispersive type fitting are ideal. Light should be
spread on four rectangles equally divided. No. of shadows = No. of towers

Final
1. 1. Literature study sports complex Literature study sports complex
2. 2. SPORTS COMPLEX •A sports complex is an enclosed area, often circular or ovalshaped,
designed to showcase and practice of various sports events. •Sports complex will have a
stadium complex that is to be the most modern and advance which will be able to facilitate
international sports and mega-events. •It will have a dedicated cricket stadium , an outdoor
multipurpose stadium for sports like football and rugby. An indoor multi-purpose stadium for
sports like basketball swimming pool , skating rink ,volleyball and a dedicated hockey
stadium. Literature study sports complex
3. 3. In relation to a city a sports complex must fit in well with the following • local topography
•Good transport •Supply facilities •Closeness to industrial area •Climatic conditions •As a rule
the stadium is partly below the ground lvl with the excavated earth heaped up around it. •The
size of the inner sports field can be based loosely on the size of a football pitch . •For
athletics stadium there should be a running track surrounding the field.
4. 4. BASIC REQUIREMNTS OF A SPORTS COMPLEX • Full provision for all field events • A
separate warming-up area (desirable) • Changing and washing facilities for 200 athletes in
the proportion two-thirds male to one-third female • Additional separate changing
accommodation for boys and girls is desirable • A covered stand to seat least 2000
spectators. • Appropriate toilet and car parking facilities. • An announcer’s box and provision
for the press, broadcasting and television • Officials’ room • Equipment rooms and store •
The perimeter of the track not covered by the stand should, if possible, be terraced to
provide further spectator
5. 5. ORIENTATION OF THE STADIUM •The orientation of the the ancient stadiums were
determined by the variable timing of the contest . •Axes ran from west to east or north to
south. •In present time the main axis is usually north-east to south-west to avoid direct
sunlight . •Access gates are situated to the east •Turnstiles are provided so as to direct the
stream of visitors to the various stadium entry points.
6. 6. DIFFERENT STADIUM LAYOUT
7. 7. TYPES OF SEATING Seating with backs, fixed and fold-up •Row width 780–800mm
recommended •Minimum clear seatway 305 mm •Width of seats 460–500mm for seats
without arms 500mm for seats with arms Benches without backs. •Row width 610mm min
 recommended •Minimum clear seatway 400mm •Width of seats 460–500mm •These allow
closer spacing but are less comfortable.
8. 8. SIGHT OF SPECTATOR The sight of spectator is determined by the following principal
factors : The assumed constant of ‘the crown’, i.e. the distance from the eye to the top of the
head which is known as the C value The tread depth or seating row depth The point of focus
(the middle of the innermost athletics track or the near touchline in football or rugby) The
height of the spectator’s eye in the first row
9. 9. TYPES OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL HALL
10. 10. TYPES OF GAMES HALL
11. 11. SWIMMING POOL Pool capacities may be determined by dividing the water surface area
by 2. Thus a 25 x 13 m pool can accommodate to reasonable comfort standards 325 ÷ 2 =
162 bathers. Changing cubicles, lockers and car parking provision can be based upon the
same analysis plus the following allowances: • Locker allowance based upon pool capacity,
with a further 162 changing = 324 lockers, usually in two- to three-tier compartments •
Changing cubicle provision may be based upon a time factor of 5–10-minute occupation per
bather. Thus in any one hour 162 bathers in the pool plus a further 162 changing ready to
enter the pool = 324 bathers ÷ 10 minutes = 32 cubicles • Car parking provision may be
calculated thus: 324 bathers, 3 persons per car average = 101 spaces + a further allowance
for staff, disabled, etc., say 125–150 spaces. Traditional layout of changing rooms
12. 12. GYMNASIUM
13. 13. SKATING
14. 14. FIRST AID FACILITIES
15. 15. EXITS FROM SPORTS GROUNDS Large numbers of spectators in sports grounds are a
source of danger to themselves, particularly from: • Tripping, slipping and falling • Crowd
pressure on terraces and exits and • Fire and chaos. All spectators should be able to leave a
sports ground within 8minutes. • If there are combustible stands (such as constructed of
timber) spectators must be able to be cleared from them within 2½ Minutes. •An exit or
escape route be less than 1.1 m wide, minimum headroom 2.4 m •No flight should have less
than three or more than 16 risers and two flights with more than 12 risers should have a turn
between. •Ramps should not be be steeper than 10 per cent ( 1:10 )
16. 16. ORIENTATION OF OUTDOOR PITCHES
17. 17. TENNIS COURT
18. 18. FOOTBALL Football, Association (Soccer). L B International: 100–110 m 64–75 m
Senior: 96–100 m 60–64 m Junior: 90 m 45–55 m CRICKET
19. 19. HOCKEY BADMINTON
20. 20. OUTDOOR BASKETBALL INDOOR BASKETBALL
21. 21. INDOOR TABLE TENNIS
22. 22. RACE TRACK
23. 23. DIVISION OF AREAS
24. 24. Case Study 1 : Major Dhyan Chand Stadium
25. 25. DHYANCHAND national STADIUM The stadium was a venue for the 2010
Commonwealth Games for the hockey. Located in central Delhi. Accessecibility: mathura
rd and purana qila rd. Context: - Patiala house court -india gate pragati maidan. Site area:
37 acre stadium area: 17,500sqm Case study 1 MAJOR DHYAN CHAND STADIUM DHYAN
CHAND NATIONAL STADIUM IS A FIELD HOCKEY STADIUM AT NEW DELHI, INDIA. It is
named after former famous Indian field hockey player, Dhyan Chand.
26. 26. Case study 1 MAJOR DHYAN CHAND STADIUM
27. 27. Ground floor plan Case study 1 MAJOR DHYAN CHAND STADIUM
28. 28. Case study 1 MAJOR DHYAN CHAND STADIUM
29. 29. Second floor plan Case study 1 MAJOR DHYAN CHAND STADIUM
30. 30. Seating plan Case study 1 MAJOR DHYAN CHAND STADIUM
31. 31. elevation Case study 1 MAJOR DHYAN CHAND STADIUM
32. 32. Case Study 2 : Talkatora Stadium
33. 33. Talkatora Stadium • Talkatora Indoor Stadium is an indoor stadium located in New Delhi,
India. • Capacity - 3035 people • The stadium was a venue for the 2010 Commonwealth
Games for the event of boxing. • Project: M/S Raja Aederi Consultant Pvt. Ltd. Case study 2
TALKATORA STADIUM
34. 34. Site Circulation Site Plan Services
35. 35. Site • Three entries to site: o Vehicular o Pedestrian o Players • Two parkings: o Public o
Vip • Built area: o Administrative block o Boxing Stadium • Services: o Main sewer along
Park Street. o Covered drains for storm water run off throughout the site. o 2 underground
water tanks for rain water harvesting. Circulation Services
36. 36. Area analysis • • Total area of the complex: 12.13 acres Total built up area : 3.7 acres
37. 37. Plans : Indoor Stadium
38. 38. Plans : Indoor Stadium
39. 39. Plans : Indoor Stadium • Boxers will reach the ring from an underground tunnel (30.5
feet) inside the players facility centre, walking a total of 60 steps. • Roof is at the level of
ground and can bear a load of a 40 ton fire tender. • Cost of construction 25 lakh Basement
Plan It houses air-conditioning plants, hydro pneumatic water supply system, emergency
generating sets, fire fighting pumps and an underground water tank.
40. 40. Section : Indoor Stadium
41. 41. Elevation : Indoor Stadium
42. 42. Plan : Players Facility Centre
43. 43. Elevation : Players Facility Centre
44. 44. Lighting and illumintion 60 solar energy lights in the compound of Talkatora Indoor
Stadium. These lights are made of Light Emission Diode chip which consumes minimum
energy. The 60 Watt of LED lights provides more illumination than 400 Watt of sodium
vapour lamps. The average life time of each LED light is 50,000 hours and due to their
advanced technology these lights require very little maintenance as well
45. 45. Facilities The stadium has: • one competition ring • four warm-up areas • a tunnel to
facilitate movement of the athletes from the Facility Block to the main stadium. • acoustic
ceiling of dome, • scoreboard, video screens • sports lighting. • 184 CCTV cameras, • a
media centre with computers, • anti-doping centre, • gym • separate rooms for boxers with a
bed, a cupboard and a rack. • A number of environment-friendly material and energy-efficient
devices have been used in this block to make it a green building. The venue has been
redesigned and oriented in such a way so as to take advantage of solar angles and wind
direction. The roof of the stadium will also have solar energy panels.