ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ.

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ɍȾɄ 338.4+378

ɇ.Ɋ. Ȼɚɛɨɜɚɥ, ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɱ

Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶɫɶɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɦ. Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶ, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ

Ɏɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ ɹɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨʀ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ

ɍ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-

ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤ ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ,
ɣɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɨɜɨʀ ɬɚ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ, ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿʀ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɧɚɭɤ. ȼɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ
ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɬɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɟɩɨɯɢ.
ɪɢɧɨɤ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ, ɜɢɳɿ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɢ, ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿʀ, ɪɿɜɟɧɶ
ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ, ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɭ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ

ɇ.Ɋ. Ȼɚɛɨɜɚɥ, ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɶ

Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɨɥɶ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɭɡɨɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɚɤ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɨɜ
ɜ ɜɭɡɚɯ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɭɡɨɜ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ.
ɪɵɧɨɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ,
ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ

ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ. ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ

ɪɨɤɿɜ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ. ɍɫɩɿɲɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɬɚ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ
ɜɢɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɿɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɧɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɽ ɜɢɳɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɚ. ȼɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ, ɹɤɚ ɡɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ Ȼɨɥɨɧɫɶɤɭ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ, ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɿ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ, ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɡɧɚɱɧɨɸ ɦɿɪɨɸ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ
ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ, ɚ ɣ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ. Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ
ɧɚ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɡɧɚɱɧɨɸ ɦɿɪɨɸ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ,
ɹɤɢɣ ɭ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɢɯ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ (ɞɚɥɿ – ȼɇɁ) ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɪɿɡɧɢɬɶɫɹ
ɡɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɹɤɿɫɧɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ. ȼɿɞ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ
ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɢɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ, ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɿɜ ɬɚ ʀɯ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɩɪɚɰɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɧɚɛɭɥɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɜ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɬɚ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɜ Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶɫɶɤɿɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿʀ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɿ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɧɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɰɶ ɹɤ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜ
ɡɚɪɭɛɿɠɠɿ. Ɍɚɤ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, Ɏ. Ɍɪɿɲɢɧ, Ⱥ. Ʉɚɰ, Ɍ. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɞɟɹɤɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ
ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɿɜ ɭ ȼɇɁ [12]; ɇ.Ɇ. Ⱦɟɦɱɟɧɤɨ ɩɨɞɚɽ
ɪɨɡɦɟɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ «ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ» ɿ «ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɫɶɤɨ-ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɢɣ
ɫɤɥɚɞ» [1]; Ɉ.Ƚ. Ɉɛɦɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨʀ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ [6]; ȼ.ȼ. Ɉɥɿɣɧɢɤ ɜɢɜɱɚɽ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɬɚ ɲɥɹɯɢ
ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ [7].
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© ɇ.Ɋ. Ȼɚɛɨɜɚɥ, 2016

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ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

ɉɪɨɬɟ ɧɟ ɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ, ɧɚ ɞɚɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ

ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ȼɇɁ ɹɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨʀ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɧɚ
ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɧɟ ɜɬɪɚɱɚɽ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ.
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ. Ɇɟɬɨɸ ɞɚɧɨʀ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ ɽ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɨɫɬɿ ȼɇɁ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ
ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ȼɇɁ. Ɉɛ'ɽɤɬɨɦ
ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ.
ȼɢɤɥɚɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ. ȱɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ ɜ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ
ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɹɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ (ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ
ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɭ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɚɯ), ɬɚɤ ɿ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɦɢ (ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɦɭ
ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿ) [12].
ȼɢɦɨɝɢ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɟɧɧɹ ʉɪɭɧɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ ɭ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ, ɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ.
Ɇɢ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɭɽɦɨɫɹ ɡ ɞɭɦɤɨɸ ɋɚɞɤɨɜɨɝɨ ȼ., ɳɨ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɢɯ
ɧɚɩɪɹɦɿɜ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɢ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɩɟɪɲ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɧɚ ɬɿ,
ɡɦɿɫɬ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɡ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɸ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɿɜ, ɚɞɠɟ «ɤɚɞɪɨɜɢɣ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ – ɰɟ ɫɟɪɰɟɜɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɨɫɜɿɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ, ɜ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɿɣ ɫɮɟɪɿ
ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ» [9].
Ʉɚɞɪɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ȼɇɁ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿɣ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤɢ.
Ɂɚɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ
(ȼɇɁ) ɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɿɣ ɦɿɪɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ
Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɜɢɳɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɭ», ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ (ɇɉɉ) – ɰɟ ɨɫɨɛɢ,
ɹɤɿ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɭ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɭ,
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɭ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɭ (ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɭ, ɦɢɫɬɟɰɶɤɭ) ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ [3].
ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ - ɰɟ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɭ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ
ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɭ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɭ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ [3]. ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ – ɰɟ ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ (ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɭ) ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɭ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-
ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɸ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɜɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɚɧɧɹ [3].
Ƚɨɥɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɽ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ –
ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɢɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ
ɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ, ɿ ɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɡɪɚɡɨɤ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨʀ
ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ.
ȼɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɣɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɶɨɸ ɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ, ɧɚ
ɞɭɦɤɭ ɇ. Ⱦɟɦɱɟɧɤɚ, ɦɚɽ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɟ ɹɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɟ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɪɟɚɥɿʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɧɟ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɣ ɡ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ [1].
ɉɟɪɦɚɧɟɧɬɧɚ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɚ ɤɪɢɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɿɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨ
ɩɨɡɧɚɱɢɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɫɶɤɨ-ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ȼɇɁ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɳɨɛ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ
ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ʀɯ
ɿɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɬɚ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɭɫɿɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɪɨɛɿɬ,
ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɳɨɪɿɱɧɟ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɟ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɛɿɥɶɲ
ɬɨɱɧɿɲɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɬɚ ɜɢɯɨɜɧɿ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ.

89
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɟ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ȼɇɁ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ:

 ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɭ ɛɚɡɭ, ɹɤɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɬɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ
ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ, ɤɚɮɟɞɪ ɿ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɿɜ ȼɇɁ;
 ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɣɤɪɚɳɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ;
 ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɦ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɹɦ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ;
 ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɿ ɫɜɨɽʀ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ, ɬɜɨɪɱɨɦɭ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ;
 ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɡɚɰɿɤɚɜɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ ɜ ɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɿ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɢɯ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɶɨ-ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɜɢɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɿɜ;
 ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɚɰɿɹ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ
ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ.
Ɂɚɭɜɚɠɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ
ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɫɩɪɢɹɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɸ
ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ.
ɉɪɚɰɹ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɚ ɬɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɝɪɚɧɧɚ, ɹɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɭ,
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɭ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɣɧɭ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɭ ɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɜɢɯɨɜɧɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ.
Ɉɰɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ʀʀ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ, ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɨɛɫɹɝ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɨʀ
ɪɨɛɨɬɢ, ɚɥɟ ɣ ʀʀ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ, ɹɤɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚɦɢ
ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɞɟɤɚɧɚɬɨɦ, ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ.
Ɉɬɠɟ, ɜɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɭɱɛɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɽ ɧɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɿ ɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɢɦ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɦ.
ɇɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿɲɧɿɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɿ ȼɇɁ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɚɮɟɞɪ ɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ. ȼɢɞɿɥɢɦɨ ɞɜɚ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɢ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: ɩɟɪɲɢɣ – ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɚɮɟɞɪ ɨɰɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɸ ɨɰɿɧɨɤ
ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ; ɞɪɭɝɢɣ – ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪ, ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ
ɨɰɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ.
ɍ ɡɚɤɨɪɞɨɧɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ABET – Accreditation Board for
Engineering and Technology, Inc. (Ⱥɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɤɨɦɿɫɿɹ ɡ ɬɟɯɧɿɤɢ ɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ)
ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɭ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɭ, ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɢɯ, ɿɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀɜ-2000 ɽ
ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɞɨ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɟɞɭɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ ɡɚ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚɦɢ. ɍ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ABET ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɨ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸɜɚɥɨɫɹ, ɳɨ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɦ ɽ ɬɟ, ɳɨɛ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɚ ɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɜɚɥɚ ɛ
ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɨɛ'ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɫɶɤɨ-ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ. ɐɟ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ, ɳɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚ (ɇɉɉ), ɚɥɟ ɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɭɜɚɬɢ, ɹɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ
ɜɩɥɢɧɟ ɧɚ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɞɨɥɿɤɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɥɿɩɲɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ. Ȼɟɡ
ɪɨɡɪɨɛɤɢ ɣ ɜɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ «ɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ» ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ ɞɨ
ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɭ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɣ. ɐɟɣ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɨ ɡɜɭɱɚɜ ɿ ɜ
ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹɯ ȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɚ ɿɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ (European Society for
Engineering Education-SEFI) [11].
ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɽ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɢɣ
ɩɥɚɧ, ɤɨɬɪɢɣ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɸ ɿ ɞɟɤɚɧɚɬɨɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɭ, ɜɿɧ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭɽ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ
ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɫɹɝ ɿ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɭɫɿɯ
ɜɢɞɿɜ ɪɨɛɿɬ ɡɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ: ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ, ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɨʀ,
ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɨʀ, ɜɢɯɨɜɧɨʀ (ɡɚ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɿɤ) ɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɨʀ (ɡɚ
ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɢɣ ɪɿɤ).
ɇɚɡɜɟɦɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɿ, ɦɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɦɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ:

90
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

1. ɉɿɞɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ

ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ.
2. Ɂɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ.
3. Ɂɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɡɨɪɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɿ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ȼɇɁ.
4. Ɂɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ
ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ.
ɇɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ ȼɇɁ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶ ɿɦɿɞɠ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ, ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ
ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɿɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɰɹɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɿɥɹɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɭ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɳɨɞɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ. ȼɟɥɢɤɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɽ ɨɛ'ɽɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ
ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ʀɯ ɜ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ. Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɜɢɪɿɲɭɽ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɉɉ, ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ
ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ʀɯ ɩɪɚɰɿ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɿ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀɜ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨʀ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɿ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
ȼɚɠɥɢɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɭ ɤɚɮɟɞɪ ɽ ɞɭɦɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɣɤ-ɯɨɥɞɟɪɚ ȼɇɁ – ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ ɿ ɫɥɭɯɚɱɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɱɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ ȼɇɁ ɡɚ
ɪɿɜɧɹɦɢ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɜ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɯ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ, ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1,
ɚ ɣ ɜ ɹɤɿɫɧɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ 2015/2016 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɭ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ȱ-ȱȱ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɥɨ 28664 ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿ (ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ – 24197), ɚ ɜ
ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɿ ɡ 2013/2014 ɧ. ɪ. – 36254 ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿ (30766 - ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ), ɚ ɫɚɦɟ: ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ – 28512 (24090 - ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ) ɱɨɥɨɜɿɤ (ɡ ɧɢɯ 1013 ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɿɜ ɧɚɭɤ ɬɚ 51 ɞɨɤɬɨɪ
ɧɚɭɤ); ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ – 152 (107) ɱɨɥ. (105 ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɿɜ ɧɚɭɤ, 17
ɞɨɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɧɚɭɤ). ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 2000-2013ɪɪ. ɭ ȼɇɁ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ȱ-ȱȱ
ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɧɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ (ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ ɜ 1,3 ɪɚɡɢ).
Ɉɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ 2000/2001 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɜ ɜɭɡɚɯ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɥɨ 47,7 ɬɢɫ.
ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ.
ɍ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ
2015/2016 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɥɢ 134231 (ɡ ɧɢɯ ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ – 117750), ɚ ɜ 2013/2014
ɧ.ɪ. – 158521 ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱ (138330 – ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ). ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ 22505 (19646)
ɱɨɥɨɜɿɤ (1031 ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɧɚɭɤ, 52 ɞɨɤɬɨɪɢ ɧɚɭɤ). ɇɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
111726 (98104) ɱɨɥɨɜɿɤ (60628 ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɿɜ ɧɚɭɤ, 12418 ɞɨɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɧɚɭɤ).
Ɉɬɠɟ, ɡ ɜɢɳɟ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ, ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɦɨ, ɳɨ ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɜɢɳɢɯ
ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ȱ-ȱȱ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɡɦɟɧɲɢɥɚɫɶ, ɚ ȼɇɁ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ
ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɫɶɤɨ-ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɥɚɫɶ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɭ 2015/16 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ɧɚ 100 ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɟɧɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɭ
ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ȱȱȱ ɿ IV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɚɥɨ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ 6,5 ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚ ɧɚɭɤ ɿ 4,5 ɞɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɬɚ 1,5 ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɭɤ ɿ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪ.
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɢ ɬɭɬ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɿ, ɚɞɠɟ ɭ ɜɢɳɿɣ ɲɤɨɥɿ ɜɠɟ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ 72 % ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɿɜ ɿ 78 %
ɞɨɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɧɚɭɤ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɚɰɸɸɬɶ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ. Ɇɿɠɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɿɫɬɸ
ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɿ ɞɨɰɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨ 2 ɪɚɡɿɜ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɭɤ — 4 ɪɚɡɿɜ,
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɚɦɢ — 3 ɪɚɡɿɜ. ɓɨɞɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɱɨʀ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɨɫɬɿ, ɬɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɿɜ
ɧɚɭɤ ɿ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɿɜ ɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɿɜ ɪɚɡɿɜ [5, ɫ. 124].

91
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 1 - Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɿʀ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨʀ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ

ʋ Ⱥɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɿɜ
1. ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀɜ Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɿʀ ɨɰɿɧɨɤ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-
ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ; ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɜɫɿɦɚ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɪɨɛɿɬ
ɞɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ,
ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ʉɪɭɧɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɯ ɞɨ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ
ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦ ɦɿɠɜɭɡɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɬɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ, ɜɢɦɨɝɚɯ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ
ɫɜɿɬɨɜɢɯ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɿɜ ȼɇɁ. ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɚɦ
ɦɿɠɜɭɡɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɿɜ ȼɇɁ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.
2. Ⱦɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ
ɡɚ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɦ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɦ ɬɚ ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɸɜɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɦ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɦ ɬɚ
ɜɱɟɧɢɦ ɡɜɚɧɧɹɦ. ɜɱɟɧɢɦ ɡɜɚɧɧɹɦ. ɇɟɤɨɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ
ɬɪɭɞɨɜɿ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɚ ɿ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɚ ɡɚ
ɽɞɢɧɢɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɹɦɢ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɚɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɦɚɽ
ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɪɨɛɿɬ, ɹɤ:
ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɿɫɿɹɯ,
ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɚɯ, ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɭ ɪɟɞɤɨɥɟɝɿʀ ɮɚɯɨɜɢɯ
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɧɶ ɬɨɳɨ.
3. Ɋɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ Ⱦɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɿɜ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ.
ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɭ (ɜɿɞɞɿɥɭ, ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ). ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɭ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɜɢɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬɚ.
4. ɇɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɢ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨ
«Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ». ɪɨɡɞɿɥ «Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ». ɉɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ
Ɋɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ
ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɸɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ: ɜ
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ,
ɫɜɨɽʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɿ ɝɪɚɧɞɿɜ; ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ,
ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚɯ ɬɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ, ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɚɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ. (ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿʀ, ɫɟɦɿɧɚɪɢ, ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ,
ɫɬɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɳɨ);
ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɧɧɹɯ ɬɚ ɰɢɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ;
ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ. Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚ
ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɽ ɨɛɨɜ'ɹɡɤɨɜɨɸ ɭɦɨɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ
ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɽ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɽɦ ɭ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ
ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɰɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ȼɇɁ.
5. Ɋɨɡɪɨɛɤɚ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɡ Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ
ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀ, ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿɜ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ
ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀ, ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀ, ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɬɚ
ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɜ
ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɿɜ. ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ.
6. Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨʀ Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɫɿɯ
ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɞɨ ɜɫɿɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ȼɇɁ. ȼ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ, ɡ ɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ
ȼɇɁ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɭ, ɩɿɞɜɢɳɭɸɬɶ ɡɚɪɨɛɿɬɧɭ
ɩɥɚɬɭ ɥɢɲɟ ɲɬɚɬɧɢɦ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦ.
Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ [6].

92
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

2015/16 134231

2014/15 137993
ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɪɨɤɢ

2013/14 158521

2010/11 163632

2006/07 136299

2004/05 120122

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000

ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɿɛ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – Ⱦɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ

ȼɇɁ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ
Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɚ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [10].

Ɂɧɚɱɧɨʀ ɭɜɚɝɢ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɩɨɝɥɹɞ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ, ɹɤɿ
ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɢɦɢ ɜɢɳɢɦɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɰɶɨɝɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ 2013/14 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ
(ɬɚɛɥ. 2). Ⱦɨ ɭɜɚɝɢ ɛɪɚɥɢɫɹ ɬɚɤɿ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀ, ɹɤ: ɹɤɿɫɧɢɣ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ (ɩɢɬɨɦɚ ɜɚɝɚ
ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɣ ɫɭɦɿɫɧɢɤɿɜ); ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 2 - Ʉɚɞɪɨɜɟ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɢɯ ȼɇɁ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ

2013/14 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ
ɉɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ȼɇɁ ɉɪɢɜɚɬɧɿ ȼɇɁ
ɑɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɿɛ % ɑɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ %
ɨɫɿɛ
ȼɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɢɣ ɒɬɚɬɧɿ 128487 88,6 9843 73, 2
ɫɤɥɚɞ ȼɇɁ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ
ɋɭɦɿɫɧɢɤɢ 16584 11,4 3607 26,8
ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿ Ʉɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɢ 70354 48,5 5875 51,2
ɬɚ ɜɱɟɧɿ ɡɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤ
ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ Ⱦɨɤɬɨɪɢ 14298 9,9 1169 10,2
ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɧɚɭɤ
Ⱦɨɰɟɧɬɢ 47680 32,9 3491 30,4
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɢ 12633 8,7 950 8,3
ɑɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ 1565385 158300
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ (ɨɫɿɛ)
ɋɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ȼɫɶɨɝɨ 1:26 1:36
ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ ɉɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɢ 1:124 1:167
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ Ⱦɨɰɟɧɬɢ 1:33 1:45
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ
Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ [8].

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɪɨɜɿɜɲɢ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɥɶɧɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ

ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɢɯ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ, ɛɚɱɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ 2013/14
ɪɨɤɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ

93
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

138330 ɨɫɿɛ, ɞɟ: 15467 – ɞɨɤɬɨɪɢ ɧɚɭɤ; 76229 – ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɢ; 51171 – ɞɨɰɟɧɬɢ; 13583 –
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɢ; ɩɪɨɬɟ 20191 ɡ ɧɢɯ - ɫɭɦɿɫɧɢɤɢ. ɋɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɬɚ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ ɭ ɜɭɡɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ.
Ɂ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ɜɢɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɹɤɿɫɧɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɢɯ ȼɇɁ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɣ.
Ɉɬɠɟ, ɦɢ ɦɨɠɟɦɨ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ȼɇɁ, ɧɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ,
ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɭ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɱɢ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ȼɇɁ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ,
ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɿ ɧɚɲɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤ, ɭ Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶɫɶɤɨʀ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɽ 8 ɜɢɳɢɯ
ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ, ɡ ɧɢɯ: 4 – ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢ; 1 – ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿɹ; 3 -
ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢ. ȼɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ 2013/14 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜ 3269
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ. Ɂ ɹɤɢɯ 1771 – ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɭɤ; 1074 – ɞɨɰɟɧɬɢ; 278 – ɞɨɤɬɨɪɢ ɧɚɭɤ; 237 –
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɦɢ ɛɚɱɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɭ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɰɸɽ 408
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ, ɚ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɰɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ 425 ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ.
ȼɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ȼɇɁ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɲɨʀ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ
2015/16 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɭɫɶɨɝɨ – 3164 ɨɫɿɛ. Ɂ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ, ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ: ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚ ɧɚɭɤ -1780, ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɭɤ – 276.
ɇɉɉ, ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɜɚɧɧɹ: ɞɨɰɟɧɬɚ – 1169, ɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɚ – 238 ɨɫɿɛ ( ɪɢɫ. 2.).

2000 1868 1780

1771
1800 1556 1568 1629

1600
1400 1176 1169

1200 1003 971 1013 1074

ɨɫɿɛ

1000
800
600
257 255 265 278 277 276 238
400 221 241 243 237 242

200
0
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
ɪɨɤɢ

ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬɢ ɞɨɤɬɬɨɪɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɢ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 - ɑɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ ɡ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɬɚ ɜɱɟɧɢɦɢ ɡɜɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɭ ȼɇɁ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ
ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɜ Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶɫɶɤɿɣ ɨɛɥ. ɡɚ 2010/2016 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɪɨɤɢ
Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɚ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [10].

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɡɚ ɜɢɳɟ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ

ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɿɜ ȼɇɁ ȱȱȱ-ȱV ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ
ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚ ɿ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɭɤ, ɜɱɟɧɿ ɡɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɚ. ɐɟ ɽ,
ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ, ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ.
ȼɚɠɥɢɜɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ, ɹɤɢɣ ɦɚɽ ɜɚɝɨɦɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ, ɽ
ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ. ɉɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ
ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ, ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ –
32%, ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿʀ ɧɚɭɤ – 28%, ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿʀ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɬɚ

94
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɿʀ ɦɟɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ – ɩɨ 7%, Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ’ɹ – 4%. ɋɯɨɠɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɹ
ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɡɿ ɫɮɟɪɨɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɨɸ: Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ –
45%, ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿʀ ɧɚɭɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ – 24%, Ɇɿɧɿɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɭ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜ'ɹ – 6%,
ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿʀ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ – 5% [4].
ɍ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɩɪɚɰɸɽ 48% (234) ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪ ɬɚ 63% (177)
ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪ, ɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɯ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ, 52% (256) ɬɚ 37% (106). ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɚ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɧɚɜɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɯ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ, ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɚ
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ.
Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ, ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪ ɡɚ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɦɢ
ɧɟɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɣ. Ȼɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɡɨɫɟɪɟɞɠɟɧɿ ɭ ɦ. Ʉɢɽɜɿ - ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ 222 ɿ 110,
ɏɚɪɤɿɜɫɶɤɿɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ – 63 ɿ 40, Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɿɣ – 33 ɿ 22, Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤɿɣ – 28 ɿ 14,
Ɉɞɟɫɶɤɿɣ – 27 ɿ 19. ȼ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɯ ʀɯ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɹɦɢ
(Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶɫɶɤɿɣ ɨɛɥ. 4 ɿ 3), ɯɨɱɚ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɠɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɭ, ɞɟ ɛɭɥɢ ɛ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪɚ
ɚɛɨ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɚ.
ɍ ɦ. Ʉɢɽɜɿ ɧɚɜɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ 11110 ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɿ 797 ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ, ɭ ɏɚɪɤɿɜɫɶɤɿɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ – 3420 ɿ 225, Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɿɣ – 2445 ɿ 133, Ɉɞɟɫɶɤɿɣ – 2035 ɿ 92,
Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤɿɣ – 1380 ɿ 76, ɚ ɜ Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶɫɶɤɿɣ ɰɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜ ɥɢɲɟ – 439 ɿ
24.
ȼɿɤɨɜɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɦɚɽ ɫɭɬɬɽɜɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ. ɉɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɚ
ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ (72%) ɦɚɽ ɜɿɤ ɞɨ 30 ɪɨɤɿɜ (34% – ɞɨ 25 ɪɨɤɿɜ, 38% – 25-29 ɪɨɤɿɜ),
ɬɨɞɿ ɹɤ 44% ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɤ 40 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɿ ɫɬɚɪɲɿ [4].
ɉɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɽ ɬɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɳɨ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ
ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɡɪɨɫɥɚ, ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ – ɹɤɿɫɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɶɤɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ (ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣ) (ɪɢɫ. 3 ɬɚ ɪɢɫ. 4). Ɉɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɢɦ ɩɿɞɫɭɦɤɨɦ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪɿ
ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɿ ɽ ɡɚɯɢɫɬ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ. ɍ 2015 ɪɨɰɿ ɩɢɬɨɦɚ ɜɚɝɚ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɥɢ
ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɫɶɤɭ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɸ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ 26%, ɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɶɤɭ – 30%. Ɍɨɛɬɨ, ɤɨɠɟɧ ɬɪɟɬɿɣ
ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɱ, ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪɿ ɱɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɿ, ɨɬɪɢɦɭɽ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ
ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿʀ ɱɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɭɤ.

10000
7929 8290 8578 8499 8320 7597 7493
8000
6840 7154 7343
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɿɛ

6417

6000

4000 2157 2173 1881

1438 1517 1623 1826 1954 2079 1958
1171
2000

0
2005 2006 2007 208 209 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
ɪɨɤɢ

ɜɢɩɭɳɟɧɨ ɡɚ ɪɿɤ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ, ɨɫɿɛ

ɿɡ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɨɦ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3 – Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪɢ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɡɚ 2005-2015 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɪɨɤɢ ( ɛɟɡ
ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɿɡ ɡɚɪɭɛɿɠɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ)

Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɚ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ

ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [10].

95
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

700
578 524
600 563
491
465 459 424
500
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɿɛ

414 424
373 396
400
300
188 169
200 125 132 126 141 143
87 83 93
52
100
0
2005 2006 2007 208 209 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
ɪɨɤɢ

ɜɢɩɭɳɟɧɨ ɡɚ ɪɿɤ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɿɡ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɨɦ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 4 – Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɢ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ
ɡɚ 2005-2015 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɪɨɤɢ
Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɚ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [10].

ȼ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɭ 2015 ɪ. ɭ 490 ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪɚɯ ɬɚ 283 ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɚɯ ɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ

ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ 28,5 ɬɢɫ. ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɿ 1,8 ɬɢɫ. ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ, ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɿɡ ɧɢɯ (86 % ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɿ
81 % ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ) — ɭ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ. ɋɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪ ɿ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪ
ɭ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɿ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ, ɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɸ ɽ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɿ ɭ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ, ɞɟ
ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɲɤɨɥɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɿ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɿʀ ɿ ɰɟɧɬɪɢ ɡ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɭ 2014 ɪ. ɭ 277 ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ȱȱȱ-IV
ɪɿɜɧɿɜ ɚɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɿʀ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɥɨ 158 ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ (ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ,
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɬɨɳɨ), ɜɨɞɧɨɱɚɫ - 225 (234 ɭ 2015 ɪ.) ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪ ɬɚ 162 (177 ɭ 2015 ɪ.)
ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɢ [5, ɫ. 124].
Ɇɟɪɟɠɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɿɜ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɨ
ɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɡɚ 2005 ɞɨ 2013 ɪɨɤɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪ ɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɧɚ 4 % (ɡ 496 ɞɨ
518), ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪ – ɧɚ 15 % (ɡ 240 ɞɨ 276). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɣ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɱɿɜ,
ɹɤɿ ɩɪɚɝɧɭɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɩɟɜɧɢɣ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ: ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ – ɧɚ 5 % (ɡ 30 ɞɨ
31 ɬɢɫ.), ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ – ɧɚ 39 % (ɡ 1,3 ɞɨ 1,8 ɬɢɫ.). Ɂ ɜɿɞɪɢɜɨɦ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ (ɨɱɧɨ) ɧɚ
ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ 2014 ɪɨɤɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɢɫɹ 16262 (2014 ɪ. – 18366) ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɢ (58,9% ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ
ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ), ɛɟɡ ɜɿɞɪɢɜɭ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ (ɡɚɨɱɧɨ) 11359 (2014 ɪ. – 13116)
ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ (41,1%).
əɤ ɛɚɱɢɦɨ, ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 2011-
2013 ɪɨɤɿɜ (ɧɚɣɜɢɳɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ 8578 ɨɫɿɛ ɭ 2011 ɪ., 8499 - 2012 ɪ., 8320 – 2013 ɪ.).
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɧɚ 2015 ɪ. ɡɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɹ ɞɨ 7493 ɨɫɿɛ (ɰɟ ɛɟɡ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨ
ɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɬɚ ɡɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ).
Ɂɚɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ, ɳɨ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɡɚ 2014/15 ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡ
ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨ ɨɤɭɩɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɬɚ ɡɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɧɨʀ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ.
Ɂɪɨɫɥɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɢɥɢ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪɭ – ɡ 6,4 ɬɢɫ. ɨɫɿɛ ɭ 2005 ɪɨɰɿ ɞɨ
7,5 ɬɢɫ. ɨɫɿɛ ɭ 2015 ɪɨɰɿ; ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɿɛ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɢɥɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɭ, ɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɥɚɫɶ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɡ 373 ɞɨ 563 ɨɫɿɛ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ, ɚ
ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ ɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɭ ɛɚɠɚɸɱɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɢɬɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɩɿɫɥɹɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨʀ
ɨɫɜɿɬɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɪɨɤɢ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɟ ɡɚɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ

96
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

ɧɚ ɩɪɢɣɨɦ ɞɨ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɢ, ɡɧɢɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ʀʀ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ. ɉɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ

ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɭɪɢ ɡɚɯɢɳɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɟ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɣ ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɱ. əɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɢɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɢ
ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɨɜɧɸɸɬɶ ɩɨɫɚɞɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪ ȼɇɁ.
ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɦ ɩɨɩɢɬɨɦ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɿɡ ɡɚɪɭɛɿɠɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ
ɧɚɭɤ, ɡɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɨɫɹ: ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɿ – 171; ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ – 109; ɦɟɞɢɱɧɿ – 75 ɬɚ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ
– 62 ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɢ [2].
Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɱɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ ȼɇɁ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɦɢɧɭɬɢ ɭɜɚɝɨɸ ɝɚɥɭɡɟɜɢɣ
ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɫɶɤɢɯ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣ. Ɍɚɤ, ɭ 2014 ɪɨɰɿ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ
ɜɢɩɭɳɟɧɨ ɡ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɭɪɢ 7597 ɨɫɿɛ, ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɡ ɜɿɞɪɢɜɨɦ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ – 4876, ɛɟɡ
ɜɿɞɪɢɜɭ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ 2721. ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɿɡ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɨɦ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ ɥɢɲɟ 1881 ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚ
ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣ ɭ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ – 327, ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ – 283,
ɦɟɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ – 241, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ - 191, ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ – 146, ɮɿɥɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ –
129. ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɨɤ ɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɜɢɩɭɳɟɧɢɯ ɚɫɩɿɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɭ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ
ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ – 100 % (ɛɟɡ ɜɿɞɪɢɜɭ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ), ɦɟɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ – 65,0 % (ɡ
ɜɿɞɪɢɜɨɦ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɪɨɛɧ.), ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ - 37,8 % (ɡ ɜɿɞɪɢɜɨɦ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ). Ƚɿɪɲɚ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɹ ɡ ɪɿɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿʀ ɭ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ – 6,8 %,
ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɨ – 9,4 %, ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ – 5,7 %.
ȼɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣ, ɬɨ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɞɨ
ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɫɶɤɢɯ ɪɨɛɿɬ. Ɂ ɭɫɿɯ ɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɚɽ ɧɚ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ, ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɿ,ɮɿɥɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 5).

3,50% 2,09%
10,49% 6,99%

15,38% 30,76%

16,78%
13,97%

ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ

ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɮɿɥɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ
ɮɿɡɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɿɧɲɿ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 5 – ɉɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɧɬɿɜ ɿɡ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɨɦ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣ ɭ 2014 ɪɨɰɿ ɡɚ ɝɚɥɭɡɹɦɢ

Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɚ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɞɚɧɢɯ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ [10].

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɪɨɛɢɦɨ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɧɚɹɜɧɢɣ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ

ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥ, ɹɤɢɣ ɦɚɽ ɡɦɨɝɭ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɜ ɭɫɿɯ ɝɚɥɭɡɹɯ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ.
əɤɳɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ, ɬɨ
ɝɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯ ɿ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ. ɇɚ ɠɚɥɶ, ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɬɚɪɲɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɿ, ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɡ ɧɢɯ, ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ

97
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɹɦɢ, ɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ, ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ

ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɦɢ ȱɄɌ ɬɨɳɨ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ ɽ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ
ɪɿɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɦɚɽ
ɧɨɫɢɬɢ ɜɢɩɟɪɟɞɠɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨɛ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɯ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɿɜ
ɜɢɫɨɤɢɦ ɪɿɜɧɟɦ ɡɧɚɧɶ, ɜɦɿɧɶ ɿ ɧɚɜɢɱɨɤ, ɡɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ. əɤ
ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽ Ɉɥɿɣɧɢɤ ȼ., ɳɨ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɿ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɿɞɟʀ, ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿʀ, ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ
ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɫɶ ɜ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɥɢɲɟ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ʀɯ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɡɦɿɧ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɫɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ [7].
Ɉɬɠɟ, ɦɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɦɨ, ɳɨ ɧɨɜɚ ɟɩɨɯɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɩɨɫɬɚɬɿ
ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6 ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɞɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ
ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ.

ɉɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ
ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɿ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɢɯ
ɋɚɦɨɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜ, ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ
ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɠɢɬɬɹ Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɿɫɬɶ

ɉɨɫɬɚɬɶ
Ɉɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɢɳɨʀ Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ
ɫɚɦɨɨɫɜɿɬɭ
ɲɤɨɥɢ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɟɩɨɯɢ

ȼɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɢɦɢ Ɍɜɨɪɱɿɫɬɶ ɿ

ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɹɦɢ
ȼɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ
ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɢɦɢ ɦɨɜɚɦɢ

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6 – Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɬɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɚ ȼɇɁ

Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ: ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ.

ȼɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɧɚɡɜɟɦɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ

ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɩɨɝɥɹɞ, ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɜ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ:
1. ɉɨ-ɩɟɪɲɟ, ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɜ ɛɢ ɽɞɢɧɢɣ
ɩɿɞɯɿɞ ɬɚ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɿ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ.
2. ɉɨ-ɞɪɭɝɟ, ɧɢɡɶɤɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɧɟɪɨɡɜɢɧɭɬɿɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨʀ
ɮɨɪɦɢ, ɹɤ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɿ ɨɛɦɿɧɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɢɡɶɤɚ ʀɯ ɜɿɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ,
ɬɨɛɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɭ ɜɿɞɟɨ ɿ ɡɚɨɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɹɯ ɬɨɳɨ. ɋɬɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ
ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ (ɜɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɿ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜ, ɭ ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɬɚ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ, ɳɨ

98
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

ɩɪɚɰɸɸɬɶ ɜ ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ, ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɧɨɜɿɬɧɿ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿʀ, ɦɚɸɬɶ

ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɭ ɛɚɡɭ).
3. ɉɨ-ɬɪɟɬɽ, ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɿɜ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɨ
ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɨɫɜɿɬɭ. Ɏɿɧɚɧɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɞɨɪɨɫɥɢɯ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɠɟ
ɧɢɡɶɤɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ.
4. ɉɨ-ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɟ, ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɚ ɛɚɡɚ ȼɇɁ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɦ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɢɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ. Ɂɚɫɬɚɪɿɥɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ,
ɤɨɦɩ’ɸɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɿɹ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɜɿɞɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ȱɄɌ ɬɨɳɨ.
5. ɉɨ-ɩ’ɹɬɟ, ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɹ ɪɨɥɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɜ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿɣ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɱɿɜ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɿɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ, ɛɟɡɭɦɨɜɧɨ,
ɭɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ. ɐɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɩɨɤɥɢɤɚɧɨ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɬɢ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɿɡ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ (ɇȺɁəȼɈ). ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɰɶɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ
ɧɟɝɚɣɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɪɿɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɬɚ
ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɨɜɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɪɚɞ ɿɡ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɞɢɫɟɪɬɚɰɿɣ,
ɤɭɞɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɢ ɥɢɲɟ ɜɭɡɶɤɟ ɤɨɥɨ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɿɜ ɿɡ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ
ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɨ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɢ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɢ, ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿʀ ɨɧ-
ɥɚɣɧ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ.
ɇɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ȼɇɁ, ɣɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶ ɿɦɿɞɠ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ, ɬɨɦɭ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ
ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɡɧɚɱɭɳɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɜ. Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɸ
ɜɿɞɞɚɱɿ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɦɢ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɽ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɨɲɭɤɭ ɞɿɽɜɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɫɩɨɧɭɤɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ
ɬɜɨɪɱɨʀ ɩɪɚɰɿ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɽ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɰɿɜ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɲɤɨɥɢ. Cɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ
ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿʀ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ȼɇɁ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɿɫɧɢɯ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɿɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ.

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ
1. Ⱦɟɦɱɟɧɤɨ ɇ. Ɇ. ɉɪɨ ɪɨɡɦɟɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ «ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ» ɿ «ɩɪɨɮɟɫɨɪɫɶɤɨ-
ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɤɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ» [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ɇ. Ɇ. Ⱦɟɦɱɟɧɤɨ // Ɏɨɪɭɦ ɩɪɚɜɚ. – 2007. – ʋ3. – ɋ.
75–83. – ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɟ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɟ ɮɚɯɨɜɟ ɜɢɞɚɧɧɹ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ: http: //forumprava.pp.ua/
2. ɀɢɥɹɽɜ ȱ.Ȼ. ȼɢɳɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɚ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ: ɫɬɚɧ ɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȱ.Ȼ. ɀɢɥɹɽɜ, ȼ.ȼ. Ʉɨɜɬɭɧɟɰɶ, Ɇ.ȼ.
ɋɶɨɦɤɿɧ. - Ʉ.: ɇɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɣ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿʀ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ
ɧɚɭɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɿʀ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, 2015. – 96
ɫ.
3. Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ «ɉɪɨ ɜɢɳɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɭ» ɜɿɞ 01.07.2014ɪ. ʋ 1556-VII. (ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɨɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɦɢ)
[ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1556-18/page4.
4. ɇɚɭɤɨɜɚ ɬɚ ɿɧɧɨɜɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɭ 2015 ɪɨɰɿ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɡɛɿɪɧɢɤ. – Ʉɢʀɜ:
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ, 2016. – 263 ɫ.
5. ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɨɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɫɬɚɧ ɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇɚɰ. ɚɤɚɞ. ɩɟɞ.
ɧɚɭɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ; ɡɚ ɡɚɝ. ɪɟɞ. ȼ.Ƚ. Ʉɪɟɦɟɧɹ. – Ʉɢʀɜ : ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɚ, 2016. – 448 ɫ. – (Ⱦɨ 25-ɪɿɱɱɹ
ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ).
6. Ɉɛɦɨɤ Ɉ. Ƚ. Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿɜ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨʀ ɨɰɿɧɤɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
[Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ. Ƚ. Ɉɛɦɨɤ // ȼɿɫɧɢɤ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɉɪɢɱɨɪɧɨɦɨɪ’ɹ. – 2014. – Ɍ. 2, ȼɢɩ. 3. – ɋ. 82–90.
7. Ɉɥɿɣɧɢɤ ȼ.ȼ. ɉɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɟ ɭɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ: ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɬɚ ɲɥɹɯɢ
ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ȼ.ȼ. Ɉɥɿɣɧɢɤ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɝɭɦɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɟɥɿɬɢ: ɡɛ. ɧɚɭɤ. ɩɪ. – ɏɚɪɤɿɜ, 2010. – ȼɢɩ. 27 – ɋ. 88–97. –
Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ : http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/11456.
8. Ɋɟɜɚɤ ȱ.Ɉ. ȼɢɳɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɿɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ: ɫɬɚɧ ɿ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȱ.Ɉ. Ɋɟɜɚɤ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ. – 2014. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 133–140.
9. ɋɚɞɤɨɜɢɣ ȼ. Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɹɤ ɡɚɩɨɪɭɤɚ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ

99
ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɿɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ. ɋɚɞɤɨɜɢɣ // Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɬɚ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ: ɫɟɪɿɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ. –

2013. – ʋ 3 (43). – ɋ. 78–82.
10. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ [ȿɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. Ɉɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɫɚɣɬ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua – Ɂɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɡ ɟɤɪɚɧɭ.
11. Ɍɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] /
ɍɤɥɚɞ. ȼ. ɉ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɟɧɤɿɧ, Ɉ. ȼ. ɋɚɜɢɱ. – Ʉ.: ɇɌɍɍ «Ʉɉȱ», 2009. – 12 ɫ.
12. Ɍɪɿɲɢɧ Ɏ. Ⱦɟɹɤɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɿɜ ɭ ȼɇɁ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɏ. Ɍɪɿɲɢɧ, Ⱥ.
Ʉɚɰ, Ɍ. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚ // ȼɢɬɨɤɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɦɚɣɫɬɟɪɧɨɫɬɿ. – 2010. – ȼɢɩ. 10. – ɋ. 295–299.

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NTUU «KPI».
12. Trishyn, F., Kats, A., & Markova, T. (2010). Deiaki aspekty pidhotovky vysokokvalifikovanykh
fakhivtsiv u VNZ [Some aspects of training highly qualified specialists in universities]. Vytoky
pedahohichnoi maisternosti. – Origins pedagogical skills, 10, 295-299 [in Ukrainian].

Nadiya Baboval, Postgraduate

Ternopil National Economic University, Ternopil, Ukraine
Formation of Scientific and Pedagogical Potential of the Higher Educational Institution
as the Part of the Market of Educational Services
The purpose of this article is to study the degree to which higher educational institutions are provided
with scientific-pedagogical staff and to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of the activity of scientific-
pedagogical staff in higher educational institution. Object of research is the scientific and pedagogical potential
of higher education.
The degree to which higher educational institutions are provided with scientific-pedagogical staff have
been estimated on the basis of the analysis including such indicators as the number of teaching staff, their ages
and qualification structures, trends of preparing of PhD students and doctoral students. Goals, objectives and
criteria of ranking system of scientific-pedagogical staff have been substantiated. The key features of a high

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ISSN 2413-340X ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɚɰɿ Ʉɿɪɨɜɨɝɪɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭ. ȿɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, 2016, ɜɢɩ. 30

school lectures have been proposed. The factors that affect the state of scientific and pedagogical potential in
Ukraine have been systematized.
It has been proved that in order to raise the impact of the use of existing creative potential of employees
of higher educational institutions we have to face the problem of finding effective methods of encouraging the
active creative work. Accordingly it has been determined that the motivation of employees to effective work is a
key objective of management of higher educational institutions. Among the future prospects of this research the
problems of effective motivation of scientific-pedagogical staff of higher education institutions in the system of
providing qualitative educational services are the most actual.
market of educational services, system of higher education, higher educational institution, innovation,
level of accreditation, activities of teaching staff, scientific potential of higher educational institutions

Ɉɞɟɪɠɚɧɨ (Received) 22.11.2016 ɉɪɨɪɟɰɟɧɡɨɜɚɧɨ (Reviewed) 24.11.2016

ɉɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɞɨ ɞɪɭɤɭ (Approved) 28.11.2016

ɍȾɄ 351.86

ȱ.ȱ. Ȼɟɪɟɠɧɸɤ
Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɚ ɦɢɬɧɢɰɹ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɮɿɫɤɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɦ. Ʉɢʀɜ, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ

ɋɭɬɧɿɫɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɹɤ

ɦɭɥɶɬɢɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɢɳɚ

ȼ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ, ɳɨ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ

ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɞɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ. ɍɫɩɿɲɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɰɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɨ-ɡɦɿɫɬɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞʉɪɭɧɬɹ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ, ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɧɨʀ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ʀʀ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɡɚɤɨɧɢ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ ɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ.
ɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɚ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ, ɪɢɡɢɤɢ, ɡɚɝɪɨɡɢ, ɧɟɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿɫɬɶ

ɂ.ɂ. Ȼɟɪɟɠɧɸɤ
Ʉɢɟɜɫɤɚɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɧɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɝ. Ʉɢɟɜ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ
ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ɍɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɟɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ,
ɡɚɤɨɧɵ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ.
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɪɢɫɤɢ, ɭɝɪɨɡɵ, ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ

ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ. Ʉɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ

ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɞɨ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɪɨɡ ɹɤ
ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɽ
ɞɥɹ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɹɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɫɤɭ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ,
ɳɨ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ, ɦɿɧɿɦɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɬɚ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɹɜɢɳ ɿ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ
ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯ ɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯ ɡɚɝɪɨɡ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿɣ ɛɟɡɩɟɰɿ. Ȼɟɡ
ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɚɞ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɭɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɪɨɡ
___________
© ȱ.ȱ. Ȼɟɪɟɠɧɸɤ, 2016

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