Modes

Member Companies (As of October 2015)
Accurate Energetic Systems Nelson Brothers

McEwen, Tennessee Birmingham, Alabama
Austin Powder Company Nobel Insurance Services
Cleveland, Ohio Dallas, Texas
Baker Hughes Orica USA Inc.
Houston, Texas Watkins, Colorado
Davey Bickford North America Owen Oil Tools LP
Sandy, Utah Godley, Texas
Detotec North America, Inc. Safety Consulting Engineers, Inc.
Sterling, Connecticut Schaumberg, Illinois
DYNAenergetics, US Inc. Senex Explosives, Inc.
Lakeway, Texas Cuddy, Pennsylvania
Dyno Nobel Inc. Secured Land Transport
Salt Lake City, Utah Glendale, Arizona
General Dynamics - OTS SLT Secured Systems International LLC/Taiko
Joplin, Missouri Scottsdale, Arizona 85255
GEODynamics, Inc. Special Devices, Inc.
Millsap, Texas Mesa, Arizona
Hunting Titan Teledyne RISI
Houston, Texas Tracy, California
Jet Research Center/Halliburton Tread Corporation
Alvarado, Texas Roanoke, Virginia
Maine Drilling & Blasting Tri-State Motor Transit Company
Auburn, New Hampshire Joplin, Missouri
Maxam North America, Inc. Vet’s Explosives, Inc.
Salt Lake City, Utah Torrington, Connecticut
MP Associates, Inc. Visionary Solutions, LLC
Ione, California Knoxville, Tennessee
MuniRem Environmental LLC W.A. Murphy, Inc.
Athens, Georgia El Monte, California
Liaison Members: Federation of European Explosives

Canadian Explosives Industry Association Manufacturers (FEEM)
(CEAEC) Hennef, Germany
Ottawa, Ontario, CA International Society of Explosives Engineers
Explosives Safety & Technology Society – (ISEE)
Visfotak Cleveland, Ohio
Maharashtra, India National Institute for Explosives Technology
(NIXT)
Lonehill, South Africa
SAFEX International (SAFEX)
Blonay, Switzerland
Copyright © 2015 Institute of Makers of Explosives

WASHINGTON, DC
(202) 429-9280
www.ime.org
info@ime.org
IME is a nonprofit association founded in 1913 to provide accurate information and comprehensive
recommendations concerning the safety and security of commercial explosive materials. IME represents U.S.
manufacturers and distributors of commercial explosive materials and oxidizers as well as other companies
that provide related services. Although our member companies are based in North America, IME members
operate globally with operations and distribution points on all continents except Antarctica.
Founded in 1913, IME was created to provide technically accurate information and recommendations
concerning commercial explosive materials and to serve as a source of reliable data about their use.
Committees of qualified representatives from IME member companies developed this information and a
significant portion of their recommendations are embodied in regulations of state and federal agencies.
The Institute’s principal committees are: Environmental Affairs; Government Affairs; Legal Affairs; Safety
and Health; Security; Technical; and Transportation and Distribution.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................... iii

ARTICLE 1: SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................1
ARTICLE 2: LICENSES, CERTIFICATES AND PERMITS ............................................................2
ARTICLE 3: MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS .....................................................6
ARTICLE 4: TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS ON HIGHWAYS ................14
ARTICLE 5: STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS ...............................................................17
ARTICLE 6: USE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS ..........................................................................22
ARTICLE 7: BLACK POWDER EXPLOSIVES ..............................................................................28
ARTICLE 8: GROUND VIBRATION, AIRBLAST, FLYROCK, and GASES ...............................29
APPENDIX A ......................................................................................................................................33
APPENDIX B ......................................................................................................................................41
APPENDIX C ......................................................................................................................................42
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SLP-3
Suggested Code of Regulations for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, Sale, Possession
and Use of Explosive Materials
October 2015
FOREWORD
Explosive materials are essential tools in our modern society. They play some part – direct or indirect – in
practically everything we build, make, use, and enjoy. Without explosives, available where and when they are
needed, public works and private enterprises would be badly hampered. To facilitate proper manufacture,
transportation, storage, handling, and use of explosive materials while providing safeguards for life and
property is in the interest of the whole community.
Modern explosives, thanks to extensive research and long experience, are safe enough to make unreasonable
restrictions unnecessary. Standards and precautions are well known and can be incorporated into codes that are
understandable, enforceable and effective. Many states and municipalities have enacted such regulations and
their experiences, as well as the technical knowledge of the explosives industry and the regulations of the
federal government, have entered into the development of the model code that follows.
Because this recommended code is both reasonable and effective, and because uniformity in such regulations
is desirable, the Institute of Makers of Explosives suggests that this model code be carefully considered for
adoption by state and local regulatory bodies.
The Institute of Makers of Explosives, through its members, can furnish a great deal of technical data and
information based upon long experience with commercial explosive materials. The Institute of Makers of
Explosives is always ready to provide assistance, cooperation, and advice to lawmaking and regulatory bodies
and will welcome the opportunity to explain or amplify this Suggested Code and Uniform Model State Act.
Address communications as follows:
Institute of Makers of Explosives

Washington, D.C.
(202) 429-9280
FAX (202) 293-2420
www.ime.org
info@ime.org
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ARTICLE 1: SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This Code shall apply to the manufacture, transportation, storage, sale, possession and use of
explosive materials in the jurisdiction of [the authority having jurisdiction1].
1.1.2 This Code shall not apply to:

a. Explosive materials while in the course of transportation via railroad, water, highway or air when
the explosive materials are moving under the jurisdiction of, and in conformity with, regulations
adopted by any federal department or agency.
b. The laboratories of schools, colleges and similar institutions when confined to the purpose of
instruction or research, or to explosive materials in the forms prescribed by the official United
States Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary and used in medicines and medicinal agents.
c. The normal and emergency operations of any government including all departments, agencies,
and divisions thereof, provided they are acting in their official capacity and in the proper
performance of their duties or functions.
d. The manufacture under the regulation of the military department of the United States of explosive
materials for, or their distribution to or storage or possession by, the military or naval services or
other agencies of the United States.
e. Pyrotechnics, commonly known as fireworks, including signaling devices such as flares, fuses
and torpedoes.
f. Small arms ammunition and components thereof, which are subject to the Gun Control Act of
1968 (Title 18, Chapter 44, U.S. Code) and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Section 1.2 Retroactivity
The authority having jurisdiction must issue a permit for the continued use for 12 months of an existing
plant, store, equipment, building structure, and installation for the manufacture, transportation, storage,
handling or use of explosive materials which is not in strict compliance with the terms of this Code:
provided continued use will not constitute a hazard to life or adjoining property. In all cases where such
permit is denied, [the authority having jurisdiction] shall notify the applicant in writing specifying the
reasons for denial.
Section 1.3 Definitions
See the most recent edition of IME SLP-12, “Glossary of Commercial Explosives Industry Terms” for the
definition of terms used in this document.
1
Insert name of appropriate regulatory authority
1
ARTICLE 2: LICENSES, CERTIFICATES AND PERMITS
Section 2.1 General Provisions
Safety and security are primary considerations in the manufacture, transportation, storage, sale,
possession and use of explosive materials. An appropriate and thorough system of licensing, permitting
and certification is designed to promote these considerations by assuring that these products come only
into the hands of qualified persons who require them in their own occupation.
2.1.1 The license, certificate and permit requirements of this article shall apply to all explosive
materials.
2.1.2 This article is intended to supplement existing federal laws and regulations. Any person who
possesses a license or permit under regulations promulgated by the ATF under Title XI,
Regulations of Explosives of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 (18 U.S. Code Chapter
40) shall not be required to obtain a license or permit under this article.
2.1.3 Applicants for licenses and permits shall provide a security plan consistent with IME Safety
Library Publication No. 27: Security in Manufacturing, Transportation, Storage and Use of
Commercial Explosives.
Section 2.2 Exceptions
2.2.1 This article shall not apply to hand loading of small arms ammunition for personal use and not for
resale. (See Section 1.1.2 for other exceptions)
Section 2.3 Manufacturer
2.3.1 Any person intending to manufacture explosive materials shall obtain an appropriate license from
the ATF.
2.3.2 The manufacture of explosive materials within [name of city, county, state, or other area] shall be
limited to those having an appropriate license.
2.3.3 The manufacture of explosive materials within [name of city, county, state, or other area] shall be
prohibited when such manufacture presents an undue hazard to life and property.
Section 2.4 Importer
2.4.1 Any person intending to engage in the business of importing explosive materials shall obtain an
appropriate federal license from the ATF.
Section 2.5 Dealer
2.5.1 Any persons intending to act as a dealer in explosive materials shall obtain an appropriate federal
license from the ATF.
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2.5.2 Explosive materials shall not be sold, given, delivered, or transferred to any person not in
possession of a valid license or permit.
Section 2.6 User
2.6.1 No person shall possess explosive materials without first obtaining the proper permit from the
ATF that authorizes him to purchase, possess and store such materials.
2.6.2 Every person conducting an operation or activity requiring the use of explosive materials (1) shall
obtain a permit from the authority having jurisdiction to use explosive materials and shall be
responsible for the results and any other consequences of any loading and firing of explosive
materials; and (2) shall allow the loading and firing to be performed or supervised only by a
certified blaster-in-charge.
Section 2.7 Blaster's Certification
2.7.1 It shall be unlawful for any person to load or initiate explosive materials unless such person or his
supervisor is a certified blaster. The blaster's certificate shall conform to the class and use as
provided in Section 2.7.7 and be carried on the person of each such individual during the use of
the explosive materials.
2.7.2 The applicant for an initial blaster's certificate to supervise and perform the loading and firing of
explosive materials shall demonstrate that he has had adequate training and experience in the use
of explosive materials in any class authorized by the certificate applied for and pass a qualifying
examination prepared and administered [by the issuing authority]. The examination shall be
written, oral or by such other means as necessary to determine that the applicant is competent to
conduct blasting operations and to perform the duties of a blaster.
2.7.3 Applicant for a blaster certification shall:

a. be at least 21 years of age;
b. be able to understand and give written and oral orders in the English language;
c. be qualified by reason of training, knowledge, and field experience in transporting,
storing, handling, and use of explosive materials applicable to the class of certificate;
d. have a working knowledge of federal, state and local laws and regulations pertaining to
explosive materials; and
e. be approved by the ATF as an explosives possessor or responsible person.
2.7.4 When a holder of a blaster's certificate is convicted of a violation of any law or regulation relating
to explosive materials his certification shall be suspended.
2.7.5 Any individual whose blaster's certification has been suspended shall be required to make
application to the authority having jurisdiction before the certificate is reinstated.
2.7.6 Any individual whose certificate has lapsed for a period of one year or more shall be required to
pass a qualifying examination before renewal.
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2.7.7 Classes of Blaster's certificates
CLASS CATEGORY DESCRIPTION
A Unlimited All types of blasting.
All phases of blasting operations in quarries, open pit

B General Above Ground
mines, above ground construction.
All phases of blasting operations in underground
C General Underground
mines, shafts, tunnels, and drifts.
D Demolition All phases of blasting in demolition projects.
E Seismic Prospecting All phases of blasting in seismic prospecting.
All phases of blasting in agriculture but limited to not

F Agriculture
more than 50 pounds (22.7 kilograms [kg]) per blast.
G Special Special blasting as described on the certificate.
Section 2.8 Certificate Restrictions
2.8.1 No certificate shall be assigned or transferred.
2.8.2 Certificates shall be classified, dated, numbered, and be valid for no more than two years from the
date of issue.
2.8.3 A blaster's certificate shall bear the blaster's name, address, photograph and signature.
Section 2.9 Denial, Revocation, or Suspension of Certificates
2.9.1 A certificate for use of explosive materials or to blast, shall be denied, revoked, or suspended for
any of the following reasons:
a. non-compliance with any order of [the issuing authority];
b. proof that the certificate applicant or holder is under indictment for, or has been convicted of, a
felony;
c. the applicant is a fugitive from justice;
d. the applicant is an unlawful user of, or addicted to, alcohol, narcotics, or dangerous drugs;
e. the applicant has been adjudicated a mental defective;
f. proof that the certificate applicant or holder advocates, or knowingly belongs to any organization
or group that advocates violent overthrow of or violent action against any federal, state or local
government;
g. proof that the certificate applicant or holder suffers from a mental or physical defect that would
interfere with the applicant's safe handling of explosive materials; or
h. violation by the applicant or holder of a certificate of any provision of any law or regulation
relating to explosive materials, or proof that false information was willfully given or a
misrepresentation was willfully made to obtain the certificate.
2.9.2 In any case where [the issuing authority] denies, revokes, or suspends a certificate, it shall
promptly notify the applicant or certificate holder. Said notice shall set forth the specific basis for
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the denial, revocation, or suspension and state that upon written request a hearing before [the
issuing authority] will be held within ten days after the date of the request.
2.9.3 Within 15 days after such hearing [the issuing authority] shall state its findings and conclusions in
writing and transmit a copy to the applicant or former certificate holder.
2.9.4 Upon notice of the revocation or suspension of any certificate, the former certificate holder shall
immediately surrender to [the issuing authority] the certificate and all copies thereof.
Section 2.10 Posting of Licenses, Certificates and Permits
2.10.1 Licenses (or copies thereof) to manufacture, import, or deal in explosive materials shall be posted
and kept available for inspection at each place of operation.
2.10.2 A permit to use or a copy thereof shall be posted at each place of operation.
2.10.3 A blaster's certificate shall be carried by the blaster-in-charge during blasting operations.
2.10.4 License, certificate and permit holders shall take every reasonable precaution to protect their
licenses, certificates and permits from loss, theft, defacement, destructing or unauthorized
duplication, and any such occurrence shall be reported immediately to [the issuing authority].
Section 2.11 Recordkeeping and Reporting
2.11.1 A holder of a license to manufacture, import, deal in, or use explosive materials shall make a
record of all transactions or operations involving explosive materials. Such record shall be made
available to [the issuing authority] upon request, and shall be retained for five years.
2.11.2 An accumulation of invoices, sales slips, delivery tickets, receipts, or similar papers representing
individual transactions shall satisfy the requirements for records provided they include the
signature of any receiver of the explosive materials.
2.11.3 A blaster shall make a daily record of all explosive materials received, used, or otherwise
disposed of by him. These records shall be retained for five years.
2.11.4 The issuing authority shall be notified promptly by a license or permit holder of a change in
business or home address.
2.11.5 The theft or loss of explosive materials shall be reported within 24 hours to [the issuing authority]
and to the ATF (Telephone 1-800-800-3855).
2.11.6 Records made and kept pursuant to regulations promulgated by any federal agency shall not be
required to be duplicated to satisfy the requirements of this section.
Section 2.12 Applications and Renewals
2.12.1 Application for a license or permit or its renewal shall be made to [the issuing authority] on forms
provided by it and shall contain such information as must be required.
2.12.2 If an application for renewal is filed with [the issuing authority] before the expiration of the old
license or permit, the renewal shall become effective when the old license or permit expires. No
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renewal license or permit shall be issued more than thirty days before the expiration date of the
current license permit.
2.12.3 If an application for renewal is filed after the expiration of the old license or permit, it shall be
considered as an application for a new license or permit.
2.12.4 Control of official documents and information. Prevent documents such as licenses, permits, and
other authorizations from reaching unauthorized individuals. Information shall be kept secure
and provided on a need-to-know basis.
ARTICLE 3: MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
3.1.1 Explosive materials including, but not limited to, explosives containing explosive oils; slurry,
water gel and emulsion explosives and blasting agents; ANFO and other ammonium nitrate
blasting agents; initiating explosives; detonators; detonating cord; cast boosters; nitrated organics
such as PETN, TNT, and RDX; shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of
this Article.
3.1.2 The requirements of this Article shall not apply to the manufacture of explosive materials under
the regulations of the Department of Defense for military, naval services, other agencies of the
United States, or to arsenals, navy yards, depots and other establishments owned by or on behalf
of the United States.
3.1.3 Explosive materials shall also be manufactured in accordance with requirements of applicable
federal regulations, including but not limited to regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department
of Labor in Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations.
Section 3.2 General Requirements
3.2.1 Smoking shall be prohibited on the plant site, except where notices permitting it are posted.
Smoking by individuals whose clothing is contaminated with explosive materials or other
materials to the degree that safety of personnel is endangered shall be prohibited.
3.2.2 No individual shall carry matches or other flame-producing devices into explosive materials areas
without a written permit signed by an authorized supervisor. Such a permit shall apply only to
matches or other flame-producing devices of the kind approved by plant management.
3.2.3 All employees in explosive materials operations shall be subject to periodic searches. Searches
shall include all clothing, lunch boxes, lockers, and vehicles brought into the explosive materials
operation.
3.2.4 Intoxicating beverages, and narcotics or dangerous drugs shall be prohibited on the premises.
Any person under the influence of alcohol, or narcotics or dangerous drugs shall not be permitted
on the premises. All employees handling explosives must be subject to drug screening.
3.2.5 Lunch containers, food, tobacco products, and chewing gum (except tobacco products and
chewing gum placed in the mouth prior to entering) shall not be taken into the explosive materials
manufacturing buildings unless approved by management.
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3.2.6 No person shall carry or have in his possession firearms, ammunition, or articles of a similar
nature on the premises without written permission from management.
3.2.7 Flashlights shall not be permitted in explosive materials areas.
EXCEPTION: Flashlights of a type approved by the plant management.
3.2.8 Whenever a new explosive material manufacturing location is established, local authorities such
as law enforcement agencies, fire departments, and local emergency planning committees shall be
notified of explosive materials on site.
3.2.9 All normal access routes to explosive material manufacturing facilities shall be posted with the
following warning sign:
DANGER
NEVER FIGHT EXPLOSIVE FIRES
EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE
CALL _________________________
The sign shall be weather-resistant with a reflective surface and lettering shall be at least 2 inches (50
mm) high. The first two lines shall be in red lettering and the remaining printing in black.
3.2.10 Where fire departments from nearby municipalities or industrial centers are depended upon for
fire- fighting assistance, voluntary and mutual agreements for such assistance shall be entered
into with such departments.
3.2.11 Fires involving explosive materials shall not be fought, except where special instructions have
been issued for fighting fires involving explosive or highly flammable materials at specific
locations. Employees wearing clothing contaminated with ignitable materials shall not go near
fire.
3.2.12 Each employee involved in explosive materials operations shall wear clothing of a type approved
by management.
3.2.13 When required for hygienic reasons, employees shall take a shower bath at the end of each shift.
3.2.14 A set of procedures, or a "disaster" plan, shall be developed to handle emergency conditions at
explosives materials operations.
3.2.15 Manufacturing buildings on explosive materials plant sites shall be located from inhabited
buildings, public highways and passenger railways in accordance with the American Table of
Distances. (See IME Safety Library Publication No. 2: The American Table of Distances) High
explosive manufacturing buildings located on explosive materials plant sites constructed after
[as prescribed by the authority having jurisdiction] shall be separated by minimum distances
conforming to the requirements of the "Intra-Plant Distance Table for Use Only within Confines
of Explosives Manufacturing Plants". (See Appendix B) Stores of ammonium nitrate or blasting
agents on explosive materials manufacturing plants shall be separated in accordance with the
"Table of Recommended Separation Distances of Ammonium Nitrate and Blasting Agents from
Explosives or Blasting Agents" (See IME Safety Library Publication No. 2: The American Table
of Distances).
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3.2.16 The land within 25 feet (7.6 m) of any manufacturing or mixing plant shall be kept clear of
rubbish, brush, dried grass, leaves, dead trees, all live trees less than 10 feet (3 m) high, and other
combustible materials.
3.2.17 Personnel and explosive materials limits should be posted for operating buildings.
3.2.18 Personnel exits in explosive materials buildings shall be kept clear at all times.
3.2.19 Operating rules or practices shall be developed and approved by management, and posted for
each explosive material operation. No deviations shall be permitted without management
approval.
3.2.20 Operating personnel shall receive training in pertinent rules and practices before working in
explosive materials operations.
3.2.21 Explosive materials contaminated by foreign matter or any material contaminated by explosive
materials, shall be disposed of or recycled using procedures approved by management and in
accordance with relevant regulations.
3.2.22 Personnel shall not enter, remain in, or go near explosive materials manufacturing buildings
unless necessary for performance of duties.
3.2.23 Foreign objects or materials (physical and non-thermal considerations)

a. Raw materials, demilitarized explosives, and reworked materials used in manufacturing processes
shall not contain foreign objects that must create an impact or friction hazard. Procedures to
prevent hazardous foreign objects from entering the manufacturing process shall include:
1. Supplier certification, and one or more of the following;
2. X-ray, metal detectors, or other nonintrusive detection,
3. Screening, or
4. Visual inspection.
b. Procedures to prevent material that must create a hazard from entering the manufacturing process
shall be established.
c. The minimum size of foreign object and any material that must create a hazard shall be
determined for each manufacturing process.
d. Operators must be trained in the types of foreign objects that must be present in explosives and
the consequence of these materials in the operations.
e. Manufacturing equipment shall be designed and maintained to prevent entry of foreign objects or
materials.
f. Certification from known supplier's of raw materials or demilitarized explosives shall include a
description of the procedures used to eliminate foreign objects or state that no procedures were
used to eliminate foreign objects.
g. If supplier certification or manufacturer's experience indicate there is a possibility of hazardous
foreign objects being present in the raw material or demilitarized explosive, nonintrusive
detection or screening procedures shall be employed.
h. If no procedures were used by the supplier to eliminate foreign objects from the raw material or
demilitarized explosive, nonintrusive detection or screening procedures shall be employed.
i. X-ray detection, metal detectors, or other nonintrusive detection apparatus shall be calibrated as
needed to detect hazardous foreign objects.
j. Screens shall be suitable for processing the materials safely and of a size that will not allow
hazardous foreign objects to pass. Screens shall be used in a pre-use process and/or in the
8
dispersion of the explosives into the machinery. Additionally, screens could be used in the
manufacturing process, if designed to be used safely.
k. Foreign objects removed from raw materials, demilitarized explosives, or reworked materials
shall be disposed of in an approved manner.
3.2.24 Excess explosive materials and packaging contaminated with explosive materials shall be placed
in approved, marked containers. Excess explosive materials shall be kept separated from all other
materials, and shall be disposed of or reworked in accordance with established operating
procedures and relevant regulations.
3.2.25 Floors and traffic areas shall be swept frequently to prevent accumulation of explosive materials.
3.2.26 Tools and equipment shall be kept in an approved location when not in use during operations.
3.2.27 Mixers, pumps, valves, and related equipment shall be designed to permit regular and periodic
flushing, cleaning, dismantling, inspection, and maintenance. Before welding or repairing hollow
shafts of mixing equipment, all blasting agents including slurries, emulsions, and water gels and
their ingredients shall be removed from the outside and inside of the shaft, and the shaft is vented
through an opening at least one-half inch in diameter.
3.2.28 All electrical equipment including wiring, switches, controls, motors, and lights, shall conform to
the requirements of the National Electric Code and 29 CFR 1910.109, Subpart S.
3.2.29 All electric motors and generators shall be provided with suitable overload protection devices.
Electrical generators, motors, proportioning devices, and all other electrical enclosures shall be
electrically bonded. The grounding conductor to all such electrical equipment shall be effectively
bonded to the service-entrance ground connection and to all equipment ground connections in a
manner so as to provide a continuous low resistance path to ground.
3.2.30 During the approach and progress of an electrical storm, all explosive material manufacturing and
handling operations shall be suspended and personnel withdrawn to a safe location.
3.2.31 Ventilation equipment, where required, shall be operating and all personnel exits unlocked before
operations are begun.
3.2.32 Watches, tie pins or clips, earrings, and all other jewelry, including finger rings, shall not be worn
in operating buildings where they may create a hazard.
3.2.33 Repairs to explosive material processing machinery or dismantling of equipment or facilities shall
not begin until prescribed clean up and decontamination has been performed. All such repair
work must be approved by authorized supervisory personnel.
3.2.34 All new, or newly repaired, process equipment used in explosive material operations shall be
examined and test-operated before being placed into routine service.
3.2.35 Only tools approved by management shall be used for construction, maintenance, and repairs in
explosive material operations.
3.2.36 Process temperatures and contacting equipment surface temperatures shall be less than the
decomposition temperature of any ingredient or mixture used.
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3.2.37 Spills of Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 explosives, or materials containing Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3
explosives, shall be cleaned up immediately.
3.2.38 Whenever new or special ingredients are introduced, specific handling requirements shall be
adopted and employed to assure the safe handling of these ingredients.
3.2.39 Machinery and equipment used in conjunction with explosive manufacturing processes shall be
inspected and maintained as a part of a programmed preventive maintenance system. Such
inspections shall be documented and recorded.
3.2.40 Hot work operations shall be performed by permit only.
3.2.41 Contract personnel working in explosive manufacturing areas shall be instructed on site-specific
standard operating procedures, emergency procedures, hot work operations, and explosive
magazine safety procedures prior to engaging in any activity. Contractors shall provide Material
Safety Data Sheets to contract employees.
3.2.42 A Management of Change standard procedure shall be established for the hazard potentials which
could result from changes in explosive manufacturing processes, raw materials and/or explosive
formulations, or manufacturing equipment.
3.2.43 Material Safety Data Sheets for raw materials and explosives shall be readily available for site
employees and contractors.
3.2.44 Processes where 1.1 or 1.2 explosives are manufactured shall be reviewed by applying hazard
assessment techniques such as: "What-If" checklists, fault tree analyses, failure mode and effects
analyses, or other appropriate methods.
3.2.45 General Site Control for Permanent Locations
a. Where high explosives are manufactured at permanent locations, the facilities should be enclosed
by fences with gates capable of being locked.
b. The integrity of the fences and gates should be checked periodically.
c. The number of entrances should be limited to the minimum number necessary to conduct
operations.
d. Entrance to the facility should be restricted and controlled to only those authorized to have
access.
e. Entrances should have a gate or other barrier that requires the vehicle to stop.
f. All buildings containing in-process explosives and precursor chemicals should be locked or
attended by workers.
g. All buildings containing in-process explosives and precursor chemicals should be locked or
attended by workers.
h. The land within 10 feet (3.05 m) of any fence or gate should be maintained for a clear field of
view.
3.2.46 Precautions shall be taken to avoid accidental initiation of explosives from current induced by
radio frequency sources, lightning, adjacent power lines, dust and snow storms or other sources of
extraneous electricity. These precautions shall include but not be limited to compliance with the
latest recommendations of the Institute of Makers of Explosives found in Safety Library
Publication 20: Safety Guide for the Prevention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in the
Use of Commercial Electric Detonators (Blasting Caps).
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Section 3.3 Manufacture of Ammonium Nitrate – Fuel Oil Mixtures or Other Types of Dry
Blasting Agents (1.5 materials)
3.3.1 In addition to the General Provisions and General Requirements of sections 3.1 and 3.2,
respectively, the following requirements shall apply to the manufacture of ammonium nitrate –
fuel oil mixtures or other types of dry blasting agents (Division 1.5 materials).
3.3.2 The requirements of this section do not apply to slurry, water gel and emulsion explosive
materials.
3.3.3 Fixed Location Mixing

Buildings or other facilities used for the mixing of blasting agents shall conform to the following
requirements, unless other requirements are specified by another authority having appropriate
jurisdiction over such buildings and facilities.
a. The exterior shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.
b. Floors shall be of concrete or other nonabsorbent material. They shall have no drains or piping
into which molten materials could flow and be confined during a fire.
c. All liquid fuel storage facilities, including fuel oil, shall be separated from the manufacturing
plant, and located in such a manner that in case of tank rupture the liquid will drain away from
the manufacturing plant; or diked in a manner to contain the tank contents in case of rupture.
d. Only heating units which do not depend on combustion processes, properly designed and located,
shall be used in the plant. Electric heaters with exposed resistance elements shall be prohibited.
All combustion sources of heat shall be provided from units located outside the mixing building.
e. All internal combustion engines, such as diesel or gasoline-powered generators, shall be located
outside the mixing building, or shall be isolated by a permanent firewall and adequately
ventilated. The exhaust systems on all such engines shall be provided with spark arrester
mufflers, or be remotely located, so that spark emissions will not present a hazard to materials in
or adjacent to the building.
3.3.4 Equipment Used for Mixing

a. The design of the processing equipment, including mixing and conveying equipment, shall be
compatible with the relative sensitivity of the materials being handled. Equipment shall be
designed to minimize the possibility of frictional heating, compaction, overloading, confinement,
and the accumulation of dust. All surfaces shall be accessible for cleaning. All hollow shafts
shall be constructed to permit venting with an opening of at least 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) diameter.
b. Means shall be provided to prevent the flow of fuel to the mixer in case of fire. In gravity flow
systems, an automatic spring-loaded shut-off valve with fusible link shall be installed or other
equivalent methods.
3.3.5 Mix Plant Operation

a. The mixing, loading, and ingredient transfer areas where residues or spilled materials may
accumulate shall be cleaned periodically. A cleaning and collection system for dangerous
residues shall be provided.
b. A daily visual inspection shall be made of the mixing, conveying and electrical equipment to
determine that such equipment is in good operating condition. A program of systematic
maintenance shall be conducted on a regular schedule.
c. The entire mixing and packaging plant shall be cleaned regularly to prevent excessive
accumulation of dust, grease, and product ingredients.
11
d. Smoking, matches, flame-producing devices, open flames and firearms or cartridges shall not be
permitted inside of, or within 50 feet (15.2 m) of, any building used for the mixing of blasting
agents.
e. Empty ingredient bags shall be disposed of daily in an approved manner.
f. No welding shall be permitted, nor open flames allowed in or around the mixing or storage area
of the plant, unless the equipment and area have been completely washed down and all fuels and
oxidizing material removed. Prior to any welding, cutting, burning, or brazing a hot work permit
shall be issued.
g. Other explosive materials shall not be stored in any building used for the mixing of blasting
agents.
3.3.6 Construction of Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

a. The body of each vehicle used for the bulk delivery and mixing of blasting agents shall be
constructed of noncombustible materials.
b. All moving parts of the mixing system shall be designed so as to prevent heat build-up. Shafts or
axles which contact the product shall have outboard bearings.
c. Bulk mix delivery equipment shall be strong enough to carry the load without difficulty and be in
good mechanical condition.
d. When electric power is supplied by a self-contained motor generator located on the vehicle, the
motor generator shall be separated from the blasting agent discharge.
e. Processing equipment shall conform to the provisions of Section 3.3.4.
f. A positive action parking brake which will set the wheel brakes on at least one axle shall be
provided on vehicles equipped with air brakes and shall be used during bulk delivery operations.
Wheel chocks shall supplement parking brakes whenever conditions require.
3.3.7 Blasting Site Operation of Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

a. Motor vehicles transporting blasting agents shall be driven by a properly licensed driver not less
than 21 years of age. The driver shall be physically fit, careful, capable, reliable, and able to read
and write the English language. The driver shall be familiar with applicable local, state, and
federal laws and regulations governing the transportation of explosive materials to the location
and on the site.
b. The driver shall not be an unlawful user of, or addicted to, alcohol, narcotics, or dangerous drugs.
c. The driver shall be trained in the safe operation of the vehicle, including its mixing, conveying,
and related equipment. He shall be familiar with the product being delivered and the general
procedure for handling emergency situations.
d. No one shall be permitted to ride on, load, or unload a vehicle containing blasting agents while
under the influence of intoxicants, narcotics, or dangerous drugs.
e. No person shall smoke, carry matches or any other flame-producing device, or carry any firearms
while in or near bulk vehicles involved in mixing, transferring or down-the-hole loading of
blasting agents.
f. Caution shall be exercised in the movement of the motor vehicle at the blast site to avoid driving
the vehicle over loaded boreholes or dragging hoses over boreholes, firing lines, detonating
cords, detonator wires or tubes, or explosive materials.
g. Vehicles and equipment shall not be driven over explosives material or initiating systems in a
manner which would contact the material or system, or create other hazards. No in-transit mixing
of blasting agents shall be performed.
3.3.8 Repairs to Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

a. No welding or open flames shall be used on or around any part of a bulk delivery vehicle until all
oxidizing materials and blasting agents have been removed, the equipment has been completely
washed down and a hot work permit has been issued.
12
b. Before welding or making repairs to hollow shafts, all fuel and oxidizing material shall be
removed from the outside and inside of the shaft by a thorough washing, the shaft shall be vented
with a minimum 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) diameter opening and a hot work permit shall be issued.
Section 3.4 Manufacture of Slurry, Water Gel, and Emulsion Explosive Materials
3.4.1 In addition to the General Provisions and General Requirements of sections 3.1 and 3.2
respectively, the following requirements shall apply to the manufacture of slurry, water gel, and
emulsion explosive materials.
3.4.2 General Requirements

Handling and processing procedures shall prevent the explosive materials, or their liquid
ingredients, from drying out or otherwise losing their liquid or water content.
3.4.3 Fixed Location Mixing

a. The exterior of manufacturing buildings shall be of noncombustible construction.
b. Floors shall be of concrete or other nonabsorbent materials. They shall have no drains to piping
into which molten materials could flow and be confined during a fire.
c. All liquid fuel storage facilities, including fuel oil, shall be separated from the manufacturing
plant and located in such a manner that in case of tank rupture, the liquid will drain away from
the manufacturing plant, or be diked in a manner to contain the tank contents in case of rupture.
d. Manufacturing buildings shall be ventilated to prevent harmful exposure to fumes or dusts.
e. Only heating units which do not depend on combustion processes, properly designed and located,
shall be used in the plant. Electric heaters with exposed resistance elements shall be prohibited.
All combustion sources of heat shall be provided from units located outside the manufacturing
building.
f. Spills or leaks of oxidizer salt solution which may contaminate combustible materials shall be
cleaned up immediately. Fire extinguishing equipment classified for Class D fires shall be located
in areas where aluminum powder is stored.
g. Metal powders such as aluminum shall be kept dry and shall be stored in containers or bins which
are moisture-resistant or weather tight. Solid fuels shall be handled in such a manner as to
prevent dust explosion hazards.
h. Oxidizers and fuels shall be stored in separate buildings or in such a manner that intermixing will
not occur in the event of spills.
i. The design of the processing equipment, including mixing and conveying equipment, shall be
compatible with the relative sensitivity of the materials being handled. Equipment shall be
designed to minimize the possibility of frictional heating, compaction, overloading, and
confinement.
3.4.4 Construction of Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

a. Motor vehicles used over public highways for the bulk transportation of slurry, water gel, and
emulsion explosive materials, or ingredients used in their formulation, shall meet the
requirements of Article 4.
b. Processing equipment shall conform to the requirements of Section 3.4.3.
c. A positive action parking brake which will set the wheel brakes on at least one axle shall be
provided on motor vehicles equipped with air brakes and shall be used during bulk delivery
operations. Wheel chocks shall supplement parking brakes whenever conditions require.
d. Pressure relief valves shall be installed on containers of ingredients that may produce pressures
under confinement. The valve discharge shall be directed so as to prevent harm to personnel in
the vicinity of the motor vehicle.
13
e. Liquid ingredient tanks shall be constructed to dampen movements of contents during
transportation if such movements could cause a loss of motor vehicle control or any other
hazardous condition.
3.4.5 Blast Site Operation of Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

a. Motor vehicles transporting slurry, water gel, and emulsion explosive materials, or ingredients for
their formulation, shall be driven by a properly licensed driver no less than 21 years of age. The
driver shall be physically fit, careful, capable, reliable, and able to read and write the English
language. The driver shall be familiar with applicable local, state, and federal laws and
regulations governing the transportation of explosive materials, or ingredients for their formulation,
to the location and on the site.
b. The driver shall not be an unlawful user of, or addicted to, alcohol, narcotics, or dangerous drugs.
c. The driver shall be trained in the safe operation of the motor vehicle, including its mixing,
conveying, and related equipment. He shall be familiar with the product being delivered and the
general procedure for handling emergency situations.
d. No one shall be permitted to ride on, load or unload, a motor vehicle containing explosive
materials, or ingredients for their formulation, while under the influence of intoxicants, narcotics,
or dangerous drugs.
e. No person shall smoke, carry matches or any other flame-producing device, or carry any firearms
while in or near motor vehicles involved in the mixing, transfer, or down-the-hole loading of
explosive materials.
f. Caution shall be exercised in the movement of the motor vehicle at the blast site to avoid driving
the vehicle over loaded boreholes or dragging hoses over boreholes, firing lines, detonator wires
or tubes, or explosive materials. Vehicles and equipment shall not be driven over explosives
material or initiating systems in a manner which would contact the material or system, or create
other hazards.
g. No in-transit mixing of explosive materials shall be performed
ARTICLE 4: TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS ON HIGHWAYS
4.1.1 The transportation of explosive materials over all highways [within area of the authority having
jurisdiction] shall be in accordance with regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
4.1.2 Explosive materials shall not be transported through any prohibited vehicular tunnel, or subway,
or over any prohibited bridge, roadway, or elevated highway.
4.1.3 No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar, or pipe on or within 25 feet (7.6 m) of a
motor vehicle which contains explosives, oxidizing materials or flammable materials.
4.1.4 No one shall drive, load, or unload a motor vehicle transporting explosive materials in a careless
or reckless manner.
4.1.5 Explosive materials shall not be carried or transported in or upon a public conveyance.
4.1.6 Explosive materials shall not be transferred from one motor vehicle to another on any public
highway, street, or road within the [name of city, county, state or other area] without informing
the fire and police departments thereof. In the event of breakdown or collision, the local fire and
14
police departments shall be promptly notified of the location and type of cargo. Explosive
materials shall be transferred from the disabled vehicle to another vehicle only under proper and
qualified supervision.
4.1.7 When detonators are transported with other explosive materials in the same motor vehicle such
transport shall be in accordance with regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
4.1.8 Vehicles transporting Division 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 materials shall be attended at all times.
Section 4.2 Transportation Vehicles
4.2.1 Vehicles used for transporting explosive materials shall be strong enough to carry the load and be
in good mechanical condition. The explosive materials must be carried entirely within the body
of the vehicle and covered during transport if the cargo area is not enclosed.
4.2.2 Motor vehicles, when used for transporting any quantity of explosive materials over the public
highway, shall display the placards and markings required by regulations of the U.S. Department
of Transportation.
4.2.3 Each motor vehicle used for transporting explosive materials shall be equipped with at least two
fire extinguishers, each with a rating of at least 4-A:40-B:C.
a. Only extinguishers listed or approved by a nationally recognized fire equipment testing laboratory
shall be used on motor vehicles carrying explosive materials. They shall be designed,
constructed, and maintained to permit visual determination of whether they are fully charged.
b. Extinguishers shall be located where they will be accessible for immediate use.
c. Extinguishers shall be examined and recharged periodically in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation.
d. Where trucks are operated in temperatures below 0° F (-17.8° C), dry powder extinguishers shall
be pressurized with nitrogen gas.
4.2.4 A motor vehicle used for transporting explosive materials shall be inspected each day before use
to determine that it is in proper condition for safe transportation, including:
a. the fire extinguishers are charged and ready for use;
b. all electrical wiring is protected and fastened to prevent short-circuiting;
c. chassis, motor, pan and underside of body is reasonably clean and free of excess oil and grease;
d. fuel tanks, feed lines, and cross-over lines are secure and have no leaks.
e. brakes, lights, horns, windshield wipers and defrosters, and steering apparatus are functioning
properly; and
f. tires have proper inflation and are free of defects.
Section 4.3 Operation of Transportation Vehicles
4.3.1 Motor vehicles transporting explosive materials shall be driven by, and be in the charge of, a
properly licensed driver not less than 21 years of age. The driver shall be physically fit, careful,
capable, reliable, and able to read and write the English language. The driver shall not be an
unlawful user of, or addicted to, alcohol, narcotics, or dangerous drugs. The driver shall be
familiar with applicable local, state, and federal laws and regulations governing the transportation
of explosive materials.
15
4.3.2 Except under emergency conditions, no vehicle transporting explosive materials shall be parked
before reaching its destination, even though attended, on any highway adjacent to or in proximity
to any bridge, tunnel, dwelling, building, or place where people work, congregate, or assemble.
4.3.3 Every motor vehicle transporting any quantity of Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 materials shall, at all
times, be attended by a driver or qualified representative of the motor carrier. Such attendant
shall have been:
a. made aware of the class of explosive materials in the motor vehicle and of its inherent dangers;
b. instructed in the measures and procedures to be followed in order to protect the public from such
inherent dangers;
c. familiarized with the vehicle he is assigned to attend; and
d. trained, authorized, and enabled to move the vehicle when required.
4.3.4 For the purpose of this section, a motor vehicle shall be deemed "attended" only when such
attendant:
a. is physically on or in the vehicle, or has it within his field of vision and can reach it quickly
without any interference; and
b. is awake and alert and not engaged in other duties or activities which divert his attention for the
vehicle.
Provided however;
c. that if there is a single attendant he must be absent from the vehicle for a brief period (1) for
necessary communication with public officers, or representatives of the carrier, shipper or
consignee, or (2) when necessary to provide for physical comfort; and
d. that a vehicle laden with Class 1 materials must be left unattended if parked within a "safe haven"
in accordance with the provisions of 49 CFR.
4.3.5 Tires shall be checked for proper inflation and general conditions at every rest stop. Flat or
overheated tires shall be removed from the vehicle immediately. After removal the tire shall be
placed far enough from the vehicle so that a spontaneous ignition of the tire will not endanger the
vehicle or its cargo. The tire shall not be replaced on the vehicle until it has been cooled below
the danger of ignition nor shall it be used until the cause for overheating has been corrected.
4.3.6 No metal, tools, oils, matches, firearms, electric storage batteries, flammable substances, acid,
oxidizing materials or corrosive compounds shall be carried in the body of any motor vehicle
transporting explosive materials except as permitted by regulations of the U.S. Department of
Transportation.
4.3.7 Vehicles transporting explosive materials shall avoid congested areas and heavy traffic and shall
follow specific routes if designated by local authorities.
4.3.8 Delivery shall only be made to authorized persons and into authorized magazines or approved
temporary storage, handling, or use areas.
4.3.9 Motor vehicles transporting explosive materials shall come to a full stop before crossing any
railway track or main highway, and shall not proceed until the driver determines that the way is
clear.
4.3.10 Only authorized persons shall be permitted on a motor vehicle transporting explosive materials.
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ARTICLE 5: STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
5.1.1 Whenever a new explosive materials storage location, including a temporary job site is
established, local authorities such as law enforcement agencies, fire departments and local
emergency planning committees shall be notified immediately of the type, quantity, and location
of the explosive materials on site.
5.1.2 Explosive materials shall be stored in locked magazines unless they are:
a. in the process of manufacture;
b. being physically handled in an operating process;
c. being used; or
d. being loaded or unloaded into or from transportation vehicles or while in the course of being
transported.
5.1.3 Explosive materials shall be stored in magazines which meet the requirements of this Article.
Section 5.2 Classification and Use of Magazines
See the most recent edition of IME SLP-1, “Construction Guide for Storage Magazines” for magazine
classification
5.2.1 Indoor Magazines
a. An indoor magazine shall not be located in a residence or dwelling.

b. Indoor magazines shall not require ventilation.
c. The total quantity of low explosives, high explosives and blasting agents stored shall not exceed
50 pounds (22.7 kg).
EXCEPTION: If the blasting agent indoor storage magazine conforms to the distance requirements
of the American Table of Distances or is approved on a risk basis as determined by IMESAFR by
the authority having jurisdiction for separation of magazines and location from inhabited buildings,
highways and passenger railways; then more than 50 pounds (22.7 kg) may be stored.
d. The total quantity of detonators stored shall not exceed 5,000 detonators.
e. Detonators shall be stored in a magazine separate from other explosive materials.
f. Magazines shall be fire and theft resistant.
NOTE: Magazines located in a secured room which provides protection against theft require only
one steel padlock having at least five tumblers with a case-hardened shackle of at least 3/8 inches
(9.5 mm) diameter. No lock hood is required.
g. Bullet or weather resistance shall not be required for magazines located in buildings which
provide this protection.
h. Minimum construction standards for indoor magazines for high and low explosives and
detonators shall be in accordance with Section 5.5.7.
i. Minimum construction standards for indoor blasting agents’ magazines shall be those for a Type
5 magazine.
17
Section 5.3 Location of Magazines
5.3.1 All outdoor magazines except Type 3 shall be located in compliance with the American Table of
Distances for Storage of Explosive Materials 2 (ATD) or approved on a risk basis as determined
by IMESAFR by the authority having jurisdiction when determining minimum distances to
inhabited buildings, railways and highways. Location of blasting agents manufacturing plants
and storage of blasting agents and ammonium nitrate shall be in compliance with Table of
Recommended Separation Distances of Ammonium Nitrate and Blasting Agents from Explosives
or Blasting Agents (TSD) 3 as well as the ATD or approved on a risk basis as determined by
IMESAFR by the authority having jurisdiction.
§5.3.2 Separation Distances in the ATD or the TSD, or both, shall be used when determining minimum
separation of storage magazines and facilities for Class 1 materials (explosive and blasting
agents) and Division 5.1 materials (ammonium nitrate) at storage sites. Normally the "Separation
of Magazines" column of the ATD is used for the separation of Class 1 materials.
EXCEPTIONS:
When Division 1.5 (blasting agents) or Division 5.1 (ammonium nitrate) materials are stored in
Type 4 or 5 magazines (non-bullet-resistant) the separation of such storage magazines shall be
based on the "donor/receptor" relationship found in the TSD.
When Division 1.5 materials (blasting agents) or Division 5.1 materials (oxidizers, e.g. ammonium
nitrate) are stored in Type 1 or 2 magazines (bullet-resistant) the separation of such storage
magazines shall be based on the ATD when such magazines are unbarricaded and on the TSD
when the magazines are barricaded.
Black powder (Division 1.1) and certain propellants (Division 1.2 or 1.3) are considered as low
explosives by ATF (27 CFR) for storage purposes and can be stored in Type 4 magazines. Such
storage magazines shall be sited and separated in accordance with the Table of Distances for
Storage of Low Explosives shown in Appendix C.
2
See current edition of Institute of Makers of Explosives, Safety Library Publication Number 2, THE AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES
3
ibid
18
TABLE 5-C Criteria for Using the ATD or TSD
SEPARATION OF MAGAZINES
TYPE OF DONOR TYPE OF RECEPTOR
DETERMINED BY –
1.1, 1.2, 1.4 Materials 1.1, 1.2, 1.4 Materials Use "Separation of Magazine"
(Explosives) (Explosives) Column in ATD.
Use "Blasting Agent" Column in

1.1, 1.2, 1.4 Materials 1.5 Materials TSD when blasting agents are
(Explosives) (Blasting Agents) stored in non bullet-proof
magazines.
§5.3.3 Indoor magazines shall be located on a building floor which has an entrance at or ramps to
exterior grade level and shall be located not more than 10 feet (3 m) from such an entrance.
When two magazines are located in the same building and one is used for the storage of
detonators a minimum distance of 10 feet (3 m) shall be maintained between magazines. The
local fire department shall be notified of the location of the magazines and of any change in
location.
5.3.4 Type 3 magazines shall be located as far away as practicable, or on a risk basis as determined by
IMESAFR, from neighboring inhabited buildings, railways, highways, and other magazines and
shall be attended when containing explosive materials. At the end of the workday, all explosive
materials shall be transferred to a Type 1, 2, 4, or 5 magazine, as appropriate. When Type 3
magazines are used for attended storage at blast sites, detonators and other explosive materials
shall not be stored together in the same magazine; separate Type 3 magazines shall be provided.
Section 5.4 Construction of Magazines – General
5.4.1 Magazines shall be constructed in conformity with the provisions of this Article, or in a manner
substantially equivalent to the standards of security and safety contained herein.
5.4.2 The ground around a magazine shall be graded in such a manner that water will drain away from
the magazine.
5.4.3 Magazines requiring heat shall be heated by either hot water radiant heating within the magazine
or air directed into the magazine over either hot water or low pressure (not more than 15 pounds
per square inch gauge [psig]) steam coils located outside the magazine.
5.4.4 Magazine heating systems shall meet the following requirements:

a. Hot water radiant heating coils within the magazine shall be installed in such a manner that the
explosive materials or their containers cannot contact the coils and air is free to circulate between
the coils and the explosive materials or their containers.
b. Heating ducts shall be installed in such a manner that the hot air discharge from the duct is not
directed against the explosive materials or their containers.
c. Heating devices used in connection with a magazine shall have controls which prevent the
ambient temperature in the magazine from exceeding 120° F (49°C).
d. Electric fans or pumps used in a heating system for a magazine shall be mounted outside and
separate from the wall of the magazine and shall be grounded.
19
e. Electric fan or pump motors and controls for electrical heating devices used in heating water or
steam shall have overload protection and disconnects which comply with the National Electrical
Code. All electrical switching devices shall be located outside and separate from the wall of the
magazine and shall be grounded.
f. Electric heating coils or electric heating sources for water or steam shall be separated from the
magazine by a distance of not less than 25 feet (7.6 m). A fuel-fired heating source for water or
steam shall be separated from the magazine by a distance of not less than 50 feet (15.2 m). The
area between the heating unit and the magazine shall be clear of all combustible materials.
g. Explosive materials shall be stored in a manner which will allow air circulation so as to promote
temperature uniformity throughout the magazine.
5.4.5 When lights are necessary inside the magazine, electric safety flashlights or electric safety
lanterns shall be used. The [authority having jurisdiction] must authorize interior lighting of
special design for magazines. If lighting is authorized in a magazine, the following minimum
requirement shall be followed:
a. Junction box containing fuses or breakers and cut-off switches shall be located outside and at
least 25 feet (7.6 m) from the magazine.
b. Switches and fuses or breakers shall be protected by a voltage-surge arrester capable of handling
2,500 amperes for 0.1 seconds.
c. All wiring from the switch, both inside and outside the magazine, shall be in rigid conduit.
Outside wiring from the switch to the magazine shall be underground.
d. Conduit and light fixtures in the magazine shall be protected against physical damage by guards
or by location.
e. Light fixtures shall be suitably enclosed to prevent sparks or hot metal from falling on the floor or
on materials stored in the magazine.
f. Junction boxes inside the magazine shall have no openings and shall be equipped with close-
fitting covers.
g. Wiring and fixtures shall conform to the National Electrical Code.
h. Interior magazine lights shall be turned off when the magazine is unattended.
5.4.6 Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 magazines shall be constructed with lattice, paint, mastic, or equivalent lining,
to prevent contact of explosive materials with masonry walls or ferrous metal.
5.4.7 Linings specified in 5.4.6 shall not be required in Type 5 magazines provided the interior walls
cannot rupture the package of explosive materials.
Section 5.5 Construction of Magazines
See the most recent edition of IME SLP-1, “Construction Guide for Storage Magazines” for magazine
design and construction.
Section 5.6 Magazine Operations
5.6.1 Storage within Magazines

a. One person shall be in charge of a magazine. The person shall be at least 21 years of age,
conversant with, and responsible for the enforcement of all safety rules regarding operation of the
magazine. All personnel handling explosives must be a possessor or responsible person as
determined by ATF according to the Safe Explosives Act.
b. All magazines containing explosive materials shall be inspected at intervals of not greater that
seven days to determine whether there has been an unauthorized entry or attempted entry into the
magazines, or unauthorized removal of the magazines or their contents.
20
c. Magazine doors shall be kept locked when the magazine is unattended.
d. Current safety rules covering the operations of magazines shall be posted on the interior of the
magazine.
e. When explosive material is removed from a magazine for use, the oldest useable stocks shall be
removed first.
f. Corresponding grades and brands shall be stored together and in such a manner that brand and
grade marks are visible. All stocks shall be stored so as to be easily counted and checked.
g. Packages of explosive materials shall be stacked in a stable manner, not exceeding 8 feet in
height.
h. Packages of explosive materials which have been opened shall be closed before being placed in a
magazine. Only fiberboard packages maybe opened in the magazine.
i. Packages of damaged explosive materials shall not be unpacked or repacked in, or within 50 feet
(15.2 m) of, a magazine or in close proximity to other explosive materials.
j. Magazines shall be used exclusively for the storage of explosive materials and other such blasting
materials and accessories as must be permitted [by the authority having jurisdiction]. No tools,
except approved conveying and cleaning equipment, shall be stored in a magazine.
k. Magazine floors shall be swept regularly and kept clean, dry, free of grit, paper and rubbish.
Sweepings from floors of magazines shall be disposed of in accordance with approved practices.
l. When explosive materials have deteriorated to an extent that they are in an unstable or dangerous
condition, or any liquid leaks from any explosive materials, the person in possession of such
explosive materials shall immediately contact the supplier or manufacturer. Only experienced
persons shall direct the work of disposing of explosive materials.
m. Magazine floors stained with liquid shall be dealt with according to instructions obtained from the
manufacturer of the explosive materials stored in the magazine.
n. When magazines need interior repairs all explosive materials shall be removed and the floors
cleaned before and after making repairs.
o. In making exterior magazine repairs, when there is a possibility of causing a fire, all explosive
materials shall first be removed from the magazine.
p. Explosive materials removed from a magazine under repair shall either be placed in another
magazine or placed a safe distance from the magazine, where they shall be properly guarded and
protected until repairs have been completed. Upon completion of repairs, the explosive materials
shall be promptly returned to the magazine.
q. Smoking, matches, flame-producing devices, open flames, and firearms or cartridges shall not be
permitted inside of or within 50 feet (15.2 m) of magazines.
r. The land within 25 feet (7.6 m) of any magazine shall be kept clear of rubbish, brush, dried grass,
leaves, dead trees, and all live trees less than 10 feet (3 m) high.
s. Volatile materials shall not be stored within 50 feet (15.2 m) of magazines.
t. Explosive materials recovered from blasting misfires shall be placed in a magazine until an
experienced person has determined the method of disposal.
u. The premises upon which all outdoor magazines, except Type 3, are located shall be posted with
signs reading "Explosives – Keep Off." These signs shall be in contrasting colors with a
minimum letter size of 3 inches (75 mm) height with 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) brush stroke. All signs
shall be located so that a bullet passing through the sign will not strike a magazine and no sign
shall be attached to a magazine.
v. The placards required by 49 CFR for the transportation of blasting agents shall be displayed on all
Type 5 magazines in which blasting agents are being stored.
w. All normal access routes to explosive materials storage facilities shall be posted with the
following warning sign:
21
DANGER
NEVER FIGHT EXPLOSIVE FIRES
EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE
CALL ___________________________
The sign shall be weather-resistant with a reflective surface and lettering at least 2 inches (50 mm) high.
The first two lines shall be in red lettering and the remaining printing in black.
ARTICLE 6: USE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
6.1.1 Blast crew member(s) shall be at least 18 years of age and be supervised by a blaster.
6.1.2 All personnel handling explosives must not be:

a. under indictment for, or who has been convicted in any court of, a crime punishable by
imprisonment for a term exceeding one year;
b. a fugitive from justice;
c. an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance (as defined in Section 102 of the
Controlled Substances Act);
d. adjudicated as a mental defective or who has been committed to a mental institution;
e. an alien, other than an alien who—
1. is lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as term is defined in Section 101(a)(20) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act);
2. is in lawful nonimmigrant status, is a refugee admitted under Section 207 of the Immigration
and Nationality Act or is in asylum status under Section 208 of the Immigration and
Nationality Act and—
i. is a foreign law enforcement officer of a friendly foreign government, as determined by the
Secretary in consultation with the Secretary of State, entering the United States on official
law enforcement business, and the shipping, transporting, possession, or receipt of explosive
materials is in furtherance of this official law enforcement business; or
ii. is a person having the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies
of a corporation, partnership, or association licensed pursuant to Section 843(a), and the
shipping, transporting, possession, or receipt of explosive materials is in furtherance of such
power;
3. is a member of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) or other friendly foreign military
force, as determined by the Attorney General in consultation with the Secretary of Defense,
who is present in the United States under military orders for training or other military purpose
authorized by the United States and the shipping, transporting, possession, or receipt of
explosive materials is in furtherance of the authorized military purpose; or
4. is lawfully present in the United States in cooperation with the Director of Central Intelligence,
and the shipment, transportation, receipt, or possession of the explosive materials is in
furtherance of such cooperation;
f. who has been discharged from the armed forces under dishonorable conditions; or
g. who having been a citizen of the United States, has renounced the citizenship of that person.
EXCEPTION: Paragraph 6.1.2 (e) does not apply to an ATF certified responsible person. Section 6.1.2
does not apply to a person granted relief from disabilities by ATF.
22
6.1.3 While explosive materials are being handled or used, smoking shall not be permitted and no one
near the explosive material shall possess matches, open lights, or fire or flame-producing devices.
No one shall handle explosive materials while under the influence of intoxicating liquors,
narcotics, or dangerous drugs.
6.1.4 Original containers, containers approved by DOT for packaging and transport purposes, or Type
3 Magazines, shall be used for transporting detonators and other explosives from storage
magazines to the blast site.
6.1.5 When any blasting is done, precautions shall be exercised to prevent damage and to minimize
earth vibration, air blast, thrown fragments, and hazards from toxic fumes.
6.1.6 When conducting blasting operations, the holder of the Blaster's certificate shall use reasonable
precautions, including but not limited to warning signals, flags, barricades or mats as must be
required or appropriate, to maximize safety.
6.1.7 Surface blasting operations shall be conducted during daylight hours only, except where special
permission of the authority having jurisdiction is obtained.
6.1.8 During the approach and progress of an electrical storm-

a. Surface blasting operations shall be suspended and persons withdrawn from the blast area or to a
safe location; or
b. Underground electrical blasting operations that are capable of being initiated by lightning shall be
suspended and all persons withdrawn from the blast area or to a safe location.
6.1.9 Whenever blasting is being conducted in the vicinity of any utility line, the blaster shall notify the
appropriate representatives of such utilities at least 24 hours in advance of blasting, specifying the
location and intended time of such blasting. Oral notice shall be confirmed with written notice.
In an emergency, this time limit must be waived by [the authority having jurisdiction].
6.1.10 Precautions shall be taken to avoid damage or accidental initiation of electronic detonators from
extraneous energy sources. Consult and follow the manufacturer's recommendations for specific
guidelines.
6.1.11 Precautions shall be taken to avoid accidental initiation of electric detonators from current induced
by radio frequency sources, lightning, adjacent power lines, dust and snow storms or other
sources of extraneous electricity. These precautions shall include but not be limited to the
following:
a. The posting of signs on all roads warning against the use of mobile radio transmitters within
1,000 feet (305 m) of the blasting operations.
b. Compliance with the latest recommendations of the IME Safety Library Publication Number 20:
Safety Guide for the Prevention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in the Use of
Commercial Electric Detonators (Blasting Caps).
6.1.12 Empty containers and paper and fiber packing materials which have previously contained
explosive materials shall be disposed of in an approved manner.
6.1.13 Wooden or metal containers of explosive materials shall not be opened in any magazine or within
50 feet (15.2 m) of any magazine.
23
6.1.14 Explosive material or blasting equipment that is deteriorated or damaged shall not be used. The
manufacturer shall be consulted regarding the shelf life and destruction of all products.
6.1.15 No explosive materials shall be intentionally abandoned in any location for any reason, nor left in
such a manner that they must easily be obtained by children or other unauthorized persons. All
unused explosive materials shall be returned to proper storage facilities.
6.1.16 Explosive materials shall be loaded and used in a manner that is consistent with the
manufacturer's recommendations for that explosive material.
Section 6.2 Blasting Operations
6.2.1 All boreholes shall be of sufficient size to permit the free insertion of explosive materials.
6.2.2 Tamping shall be done with wooden or approved plastic poles. Approved metal connectors shall
be used for jointed poles. Violent tamping shall be avoided. The primer shall never be tamped.
6.2.3 Pneumatic loading of blasting agents into boreholes primed with electric detonators or other
static-sensitive initiation systems shall conform to the following requirements:
a. a positive grounding device for the equipment shall be used to prevent the accumulation of static
electricity;
b. a semi-conductive hose shall be used; and
c. a qualified person shall evaluate all systems to assure that they will adequately dissipate static
under potential field conditions.
6.2.4 The surface or face materials shall be carefully examined before drilling to determine that
possible presence of explosive materials which have misfired.
6.2.5 Drilling into explosive materials or any portion of a borehole that at one time contained explosive
materials shall be prohibited.
6.2.6 During the time that boreholes are loaded, or are being loaded with explosives, blasting agents, or
detonators, the blast site shall be barred to all but those authorized personnel engaged in the
drilling and loading operations or otherwise authorized to enter the blast site. Attendance,
barriers, or posting of signs or flags shall be used to prevent unauthorized entry to the blast site.
6.2.7 The blaster-in-charge is responsible for removing unnecessary distractions such as wireless
communication devices from the blast site.
6.2.8 Rigid cartridges of explosives or blasting agents that are 4 inches (100 millimeters) in diameter or
larger shall not be dropped on the primer except where the borehole contains sufficient depth of
water to protect the primer from impact. Slit packages of prill, water gel, or emulsions are not
considered rigid cartridges and maybe drop loaded.
6.2.9 When using a blasting machine that is a combination firing unit and circuit tester for any type of
initiation system, the blast area must first be cleared of all personnel prior to testing the circuit.
6.2.10 After the blast loading operation is completed, and before detonation, all excess explosive
materials shall be removed from the blast site and returned to proper facilities.
24
6.2.11 Connections between boreholes shall be made as near to the planned time of initiation as possible
and involve the minimum necessary number blast crew members or blasters.
6.2.12 Technical Content of Blast Reports: A record of mining and construction blasts shall be made by
the blaster-in-charge. At a minimum, shot reports should contain the following technical
information:
a. Specific location of blast site,
b. Date and time of blast,
c. Environmental or weather conditions,
d. Blast layout: Must include Type of Material Blasted, Type of Blast, Pattern Dimensions (Burden
& Spacing), Borehole Diameter, Hole Depth, Subdrill, Backfill or Loose Material, Stemming,
Inert Deck information, Number of Rows, Number of Holes, Drill Footage, Rock Volume (Cubic
Yards), or Rock Quantity (Tons),
e. Seismic data: Must include Charge Weight per Delay (8ms), Scaled Distance, Critical Structure
Information, Seismic Data Result Information,
f. Powder factor,
g. Graphics: Must include Delay Pattern Diagram, Typical Borehole cross-section, Face Profile
Information, Seismic Report, and
h. Comments or notes about the blast results, and other occurrences.
NOTE: IME Safety Library Publication No. 27: Security in Manufacturing, Transportation, Storage
and Use of Commercial Explosives also contains recommended security related content of shot
reports
Section 6.3 Initiating Blasts
6.3.1 Prior to connection of the lead lines to a source of initiation for electric and electronic detonators,
and with nonelectric detonators prior to attaching an initiation device the blast area shall be
cleared of all personnel and guarded against unauthorized entry and shall remain so until the blast
has been detonated and an all clear signal has been given by the blaster-in-charge.
6.3.2 Only electric detonators, electronic detonators, delay nonelectric detonators, and detonating cord,
or a combination thereof, shall be used in blasting operations in congested districts, on highways,
or adjacent to highways open to traffic. Safety fuse shall not be used in congested districts, on
highways, or adjacent to highways open to traffic.
6.3.3 Where sources of extraneous electricity in excess of 50 milliamperes (flowing through a one ohm
resistor) are present, do not use electric detonators unless corrective measures are taken.
6.3.4 The selection and design of the initiation system shall be under the supervision of the blaster-in-
charge.
6.3.5 The initiation system shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
6.3.6 The blaster-in-charge shall conduct a visual check of all surface connections after blast hookup.
6.3.7 Where judged to be necessary by the blaster-in-charge, a double trunkline, twin path, or closed-
loop hookup shall be used for shock tube and detonating cord initiation systems.
25
§6.3.8 When safety fuse is used, only a cap crimper approved by the detonator manufacturer or the
safety fuse manufacturer shall be used to attach the detonator to the safety fuse.
6.3.9 Less than 3 feet of safety fuse shall not be attached to a fuse detonator.
6.3.10 The burn time of a cap and fuse assembly shall not be less than 120 seconds.
6.3.11 The burn time per foot of each roll of safety fuse shall be checked before use and frequently
enough to ensure a minimum burn time of 120 seconds.
6.3.12 Do not attempt to relight safety fuse.
6.3.13 When assembling a primer the detonator shall be inserted into the explosive material in such a
manner that it will not fall out as the primer is being loaded in the borehole.
a. Cast boosters and similar type priming units shall have a cap well to accommodate the detonator.
b. When cartridges of explosive materials that do not have a cap well are used as primers a hole
large enough to accommodate the detonator shall be made in the explosive materials cartridge by
using a wood, plastic, brass, aluminum, or stainless steel powder punch.
6.3.14 No primers shall be made up closer than 50 feet (15.2 m) from any magazine.
EXCEPTION: Type 3 magazines (day boxes).
6.3.15 Primers shall be made up only when and as required for immediate use and when immediately
loading in a borehole.
6.3.16 If a misfire is suspected, do not give the “all-clear” signal and immediately barricade the area.
Notification shall be provided to managerial level personnel as soon as possible and by the end of
the shift.
6.3.17 This identified misfired area should be barricaded from unauthorized entry until the misfire is
successfully resolved.
6.3.18 If a misfire is known to occur involving the use of cap and fuse, the blast area should be kept
clear for at least 30 minutes.
6.3.19 If electric or nonelectric (shock tube) detonators, or detonating cord systems are involved in a
misfire, the waiting period should be at least 15 minutes.
6.3.20 If electronic detonators are involved in a misfire, wait a minimum of 30 minutes before reentering
the blast area, unless the manufacturer recommends additional time.
6.3.21 Entry to the blast area shall be prevented during the waiting period. If electric initiation has been
used, the lead-in-line shall be disconnected from the blasting machine, the lines shunted and the
blasting machine secured. If shock tube initiation has been used, the lead-in-line shall be
disconnected from the blasting machine and the blasting machine secured.
6.3.22 After the appropriate waiting period, the blaster-in-charge and an absolute minimum number of
authorized, competent, and experienced personnel required to assess the situation must enter the
blast area.
26
6.3.23 The blaster-in-charge shall develop a plan for resolving the misfire and communicate that plan to
essential personnel before work begins.
[NOTE: For detailed instructions on preventing and safely handling misfires see IME Safety Library
Publication No. 17: Safety in the Transportation, Storage, Handling and Use of Explosive
Materials.]
6.3.24 Explosive materials shall not be extracted from a blasthole that has misfired unless it is
impossible or hazardous to detonate the unexploded explosive materials by insertion of an
additional primer.
6.3.25 Blasters shall test the circuit for continuity and proper resistance, using only blasting
galvanometers or other instruments which have been specifically designed for testing electric
detonators and circuits containing them.
6.3.26 The blaster-in-charge shall be responsible for the detonation of all blasts. The blaster-in-charge or
a blaster that he has designated shall ensure that proper shunting and/or connection practices are
followed and that the blasting leads are not connected to the power source, blasting machine, or
other initiating device until the blast is ready to be fired.
6.3.27 Do not mix electric or electronic detonators from different manufacturers or electric or electronic
detonators of different types even if from the same manufacturer (unless approved by the
manufacturer) in the same blast.
Section 6.4 Warning Required
6.4.1 No blast shall be fired until the blaster-in-charge has made certain that all surplus explosive
materials are in a safe place, the blast area is cleared and guarded against unauthorized entry, and
all persons and equipment are at a safe distance or under sufficient protective cover, and that
approved warning signal(s) has been given.
6.4.2 In determining the blast area, the following factors shall be considered:
a. Geology or material to be blasted,
b. Blast pattern,
c. Burden, depth, diameter, and angle of the holes,
d. Blasting experience of the operation,
e. Delay system, powder factor, and pounds per delay,
f. Type and amount of explosive material, and
g. Type and amount of stemming.
6.4.3 No-one shall enter the blast area until after the blaster-in-charge has inspected the blast site,
determined it is safe shall enter the blast area until after the blaster-in-charge has inspected the
blast site, determined it is safe and given the “all-clear” signal. All personnel and access point
guards shall remain in place until the “all-clear” is given.
Section 6.5 Supervision of Blasting
6.5.1 Loading and firing shall be performed or supervised only by a person possessing an appropriate
blaster's certificate. (See Article 2)
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ARTICLE 7: BLACK POWDER EXPLOSIVES
Section 7.1 Black Powder
7.1.1 All black powder shall be transported in accordance with regulations of the U.S. Department of
Transportation.
NOTE: Under DOT Special Permit – 8958 (SP), black powder for use in small arms, packed
in one-pound metal cans, not more than 25 one-pound (454 gm) cans per fiberboard box, must
be shipped as a Flammable Solid, UN 1325. Not more than 100 pounds (45.4 kg) must be
carried on any motor vehicle or rail car at one time under the provisions of this exemption.
7.1.2 When black powder intended for personal use is stored indoors, quantities shall not exceed 20
pounds (9 kg) and the black powder shall be stored in original containers in a closed wooden box
or cabinet having walls of at least 1 inch nominal thickness. Storage boxes or cabinets shall not
be located near open flames or sources of excess heat.
7.1.3 Commercial stocks in quantities exceeding 5 pounds (2.27 kg) shall be stored in magazines
constructed and located as specified in Article 5 of the Code.
7.1.4 Commercial stocks in quantities exceeding 50 pounds (22.7 kg) shall be stored outdoors in
magazines constructed and located as specified in Article 5 of the Code.
7.1.5 If smokeless propellants are stored in the same magazine with black powder, the total quantity of
materials stored shall not exceed the quantity authorized for black powder.
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ARTICLE 8: GROUND VIBRATION, AIRBLAST, FLYROCK, and GASES
Section 8.1 Ground Vibration
8.1.1 At all blasting operations, except as otherwise authorized or restricted by the authority having
jurisdiction, the maximum ground vibration at any dwelling, public building, school, church,
commercial or institutional building adjacent to the blasting site shall not exceed the limitations
listed in Table 8-A.
TABLE 8-A PEAK PARTICLE VELOCITY LIMITS
Distance from blasting site Maximum allowable peak particle velocity 4

0 to 300 ft. (91.4m) 1.25 in/sec 931.75 mm/sec)
301 to 5,000 ft. (91.5m to 1,524m) 1.00 in/sec (25.4 mm/sec)
5,001 ft. (1,525m) and beyond 0.75 in/sec (19 mm/sec)
8.1.2 Frequency versus particle velocity graphs. In lieu of Table 8-A, a blasting operation shall have
the option to use the graphs shown in Figure 8a or 8b to limit peak particle velocity based upon
the frequency of the blast vibration. If either of the graphs in Figures 8a or 8b is used to limit
vibration levels, the methods for monitoring vibration and calculating frequency shall be
approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
4
Peak particle velocity shall be measured in three (3) mutually perpendicular directions, and the maximum
allowable limits shall apply to each of these measurements.
29
Figure 8a Alternative Blasting Level Criteria
10
254
Particle Velocity, in/s
Particle velocity, mm/s

2 in/s (50.8 mm/s)
1 0.008 in (0.2 mm)
Drywall 0.75 in/s (19 mm/s)
Plaster 0.5 in/s (12.7 mm/s)
0.03 in (0.76 mm)
0.1 2.54
1 10 100
Frequency, Hz
Figure 8b Alternative Blasting Level Criteria
30
8.1.3 Scaled Distance Equations. Unless a blasting operation uses a seismograph to monitor a blast to
assure compliance with Table 8-A or Figure 8, or has been granted special permission by the
authority having jurisdiction to utilize a modified scaled distance factor, the operation shall
comply with the scaled distance equations shown in Table 8-B.
TABLE 8-B SCALED DISTANCE EQUATIONS
Scaled Distance 5 Equation

Distance from blasting site
English Units Metric Units
2
0 to 300 ft (91.4 m) W (lbs) = (D (ft)/50) W (kg) = (D(m)/22.6) 2
2
301 to 5,000 ft. (92 m to 1,524 m) W (lbs) – (D(ft)/55) W(kg) = (D(m)/24.9) 2
5,001 ft. (1,524 m) and beyond W (lbs) = (D(ft)/65) 2 W(kg) = (D(m)/29.4) 2
Where
W = the maximum weight of explosives in pounds (or kilograms) that can be detonated in any period less
than 8 milliseconds.
D = the distance in feet (or meters) from the blast to the nearest dwelling, public building, school, church,
commercial, or institutional building not owned, leased, or contracted by the blasting operation, or on
property on which the owner has not given a written waiver to the blasting operation.
8.1.4 Where the blasting operation considers the scaled distance equations of Table 8-B as being too
restrictive, the operation must petition the authority having jurisdiction to use a modified scaled
distance equation. Such a petition must demonstrate that the use of the modified scaled distance
equation would not cause predicted ground vibration to exceed the peak particle velocity limits
specified in Table 8-A. Any petition for modification of the scaled distance equations of Table 8-
B must be thoroughly substantiated by seismograph recordings to show that the limitations of
Table 8-A will not be exceeded.
Section 8.2 Airblast
8.2.1 Airblast at the location of any dwelling, public building, school, church, commercial, or
institutional building, not owned, leased, or contracted by the blasting operation, or on property
on which the owner has not given a written waiver to the blasting operation shall not exceed the
maximum limits listed in Table 8-C.
TABLE 8-C AIRBLAST LIMITS
Lower Frequency of Measuring System, Measurement level,

in Hz (± 3 decibels) in decibels
0.1 Hz or Lower…Flat Response 6 134 Peak
2 Hz or Lower…Flat Response 133 Peak
6 Hz or Lower…Flat Response 129 Peak
C-Weighted…Slow Response 7 105 Peak dBC
5
To convert English Units of scaled distances (ft/lb2) to Metric Units (m/kg2) divide by a factor of 2.21
6
Only when approved by the authority having jurisdiction
7
ibid
31
Section 8.3 Flyrock and Ejected Debris
8.3.1 Flyrock or ejected debris travelling in the air or along or through the ground shall not be expelled
from the blast site in an uncontrolled manner which could result in personal injury or property
damage.
8.3.2 Flyrock or ejected debris shall not be propelled from the blast site onto property not contracted by
the blasting operation or onto property for which the owner has not given a written waiver to the
blasting operation.
8.3.3 When blasting operations do not conform to sections 8.3.1 and 8.3.2 the authority having
jurisdiction shall require that special precautions be employed to reduce or control flyrock or
ejected debris.
Section 8.4 Gases
8.4.1 To minimize hazardous exposure from the gases produced by outdoor blasting, blasters shall:
a. Be aware that lack of ground displacement can prevent venting of the blasted material and result
in the entrapment of gases,
b. Excavate blasted material as soon as possible after blasting,
c. Be aware of and look for geologic pathways for gases such as old trenches, horizontal partings,
faults, joints, hill seams, unconsolidated material, water, and voids that would allow movement of
gas towards underground enclosed spaces.
d. Be aware that when blasting very close to underground enclosed spaces, fractures caused by the
detonation can create a pathway for the gases to enter the enclosed space,
e. Conduct a pre-blast survey to determine any possible problem areas when blasting near inhabited
buildings or underground facilities (tunnels, manholes, etc.),
f. Monitor possible problem areas to determine if any gases have migrated from the blasting
operation, and
g. If gases are detected, use adequate and positive ventilation (open windows and exhaust fans) to
limit the accumulation of gases at inhabited buildings or other facilities from the blasting
operation until the gas is removed from the ground.
32
APPENDIX A
UNIFORM MODEL STATE ACT
FOR THE CONTROL OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
Section 1. SCOPE COMMENTS

This Act is intended to supplement the requirements of The provisions of this Act are intended to supplement
any Federal Laws and Regulations promulgated by a the provisions of the Organized Crime Control Act of
Federal Department or Agency. The Act shall apply to 1970 and the regulations there under. Activities
the sale, purchase, possession, receipt, use and adequately covered by that federal Law have not been
transportation of explosive materials as provided further regulated. The Act will apply to law-abiding
herein, but shall not apply to: citizens and businesses but will function solely as a
(a) explosive materials while in the course of crime control and safety measure without in-fringing on
transportation via railroad, water, highway or air their rights.
when the explosive materials are moving under
the jurisdiction of, and in conformity with
regulations adopted by any Federal Department
or Agency.
(b) the laboratories of schools, colleges and similar
institutions when confined to the purpose of
instruction or research, or to explosive materials
in the forms prescribed by the official United
States Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary
and used in medicines and medicinal agents.
(c) the normal and emergency operations of any
government, including all departments, agencies,
and divisions thereof, provided they are acting in
their official capacity and in the proper
performance of their duties or functions.
(d) explosive materials for delivery to any
government or any department, agency or
division thereof.
(e) pyrotechnics, commonly known as fireworks,
including signaling devices such as flares, fuses,
and torpedoes.
(f) small arms ammunition and components thereof,
which are subject to the Gun Control Act of
1968 (Title 18 Chapter 44 U.S.C.) and
regulations promulgated thereunder.
(g) gasoline, fertilizers and propellant-actuated
power devices or tools.
Section 2. DEFINITIONS
As used in this Act: It is of obvious benefit to law enforcement agencies and
(a) "Person" means any individual, corporation, business to standardize definition in federal, state and
company, association, firm, partnership, society local laws relating to explosive materials whenever
or joint stock company. possible. These definitions are consistent with those in
(b) "Explosive materials" means explosives, blasting the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970.
agents, and detonators as follows:
(i) "Explosives" means any chemical compound
mixture, or device, the primary or common
purpose of which is to function by explosion.
33
(ii) "Blasting agents" means any explosive
materials which meets prescribed criteria for
insensitivity to initiation.
(iii) "Detonator" means any device containing
any initiating or primary explosive that is
intended for initiating detonation. A
detonator must not contain more than ten
grams of total explosives by weight,
excluding ignition or delay charges.
(c) "Felony or misdemeanor" shall not mean:
(i) any Federal or State offenses pertaining to
antitrust violations, unfair trade practices,
restraints of trade, or other similar offenses
relating to the regulation of business
practices of/or
(ii) (ii) any State offense (other than one
involving a firearm or explosive material
classified) by the laws of any State as a
traffic offense or punishable by a term of
imprisonment of six months or less.
(d) "Issuing authority" shall mean the (name of The [issuing authority] might be the State Bureau of
authority) Mines, State Police, Fire Marshal, etc.
(e) "Fugitive from justice" shall mean any person
for whom a warrant for arrest has been issued
and who has fled from the jurisdiction of any
court or record to avoid prosecution for any
crime or to avoid giving testimony in any
criminal proceeding. The term shall also include
any person for whom a warrant for arrest has
been issued and who has been convicted of any
crime and has fled to avoid imprisonment.
(f) "Propellant-actuated power devices or tools"
shall mean any tool or any special mechanized
device or gas penetrator system which is
actuated by smokeless propellant or which
releases and directs work through a smokeless
propellant charge. It does not include explosive-
actuated devices.
(g) "Distribute" shall mean to issue, give, transfer, or
otherwise dispose of.
(h) "Explosive-actuated devices" shall mean any tool
or special mechanized device which is actuated
by explosives, other than smokeless propellants.
Section 3. PURCHASE, RECEIPT AND
POSSESSION
3.1. PERMIT - It shall be unlawful for any person to Possession of a permit and record keeping are required
purchase, receive or possess explosive materials in this for local buyers and users who purchase solely within a
State without obtaining a permit from the issuing single State. These persons are not covered by the
authority. Federal regulations. No person will be required to
34
3.2 FEDERAL LICENSE OR PERMIT - Any person obtain both federal and state permits or licenses.
who possesses a license or permit under Title XI of the Persons selling or manufacturing explosives are not
Organized Crime Control Act (18 U.S. C., Chapter 40) required to possess a permit because they are
properly covering the activities of such person shall not adequately licensed by federal law.
be required to obtain a permit under this section. Storage of explosive materials has been regulated by
federal law and consistent provisions are included in
the regulations proposed by the Institute of Makers of
Explosives (IME).
Section 4. SALE
It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or distribute This is intended to assist law enforcement agencies and
explosive materials to any person without first sellers of explosive materials by requiring the
obtaining a copy of the license or permit which purchaser to qualify as the receiver of explosives by
authorized the distribute to purchase, receive or possess obtaining a permit or license.
explosive materials as provided in the Act. Provided
that such person shall not be required again to obtain a
copy of the license or permit during the effective term
shown on said license or permit.
Section 5. BLASTER'S CERTIFICATE
5.1 CERTIFICATE - It shall be unlawful for any Safeguarding life and property is in the best interests of
person to use explosive materials unless such person, the whole community. Requiring proper qualifications
or if such person is a business entity, an employee of for those using explosive materials promotes safety.
such person, possesses a blaster's certificate. The This is similar to the driver's license requirements for
blaster's certificate must conform to the class and use cars and trucks.
as provided in Section 5.5 and be carried on the person
of each such individual during the use of the explosive
materials.
5.2 USE - Use of explosive materials shall include all
applications of explosives for any purpose whatsoever,
unless specifically exempted by Section 5.3.
5.3 USE DOES NOT INCLUDE - For purposes of this
part, the term "uses" does not include any type of
commercial manufacturing or research conducted in
laboratories of commercial or educational institutions.
5.4 QUALIFICATIONS - Blaster's certificates will be
issued only to a natural person and shall bear his name,
address and photograph. In addition to the
qualifications specified in Section 6 hereof, such
person must satisfy each of the following
qualifications:
(a) Present evidence of training, knowledge and
experience in the transporting, storing,
handling and use of explosive materials.
(b) Be able to understand and give written and
oral orders in the English language.
(c) Be knowledgeable in Federal, State and local
laws and regulations by the issuing authority.
(d) Such other requirements as the issuing
authority must prescribe by regulations.
35
5.5 CLASS OF CERTIFICATES Blaster's certificates
shall be issued by the issuing authority and shall
include the following classes of certificates:
CLASS CATEGORY DESCRIPTION

A Unlimited All types of blasting.
All phases of blasting
General operations in quarries, open
B
Above Ground pit mines, above ground
construction.
All phases of blasting
General operations in underground
C
Under Ground mines, shafts, tunnels and
drifts.
All phases of blasting in
D Demolition
demolition projects.
E Seismic
seismic prospecting.
agriculture but limited to not
F Agriculture
more than 50 pounds (25 kg)
per blast.
Special blasting as described
G Special
on the certificate.
Section 6. ADMINISTRATION It is expected that the licensing procedures will be

6.1 APPLICATION - Applications for a certificate easily administered. Applicants are given opportunity
hereunder shall be made to the issuing authority on for a hearing in order to protect the interest of the law-
forms and as prescribed in regulations issued by the abiding person against any possible misuse of
issuing authority. administrative powers on the part of the issuing
6.2 CERTIFICATE FEES - Certificate fees shall be authority. Permit fees are intended to be nominal and
paid at the time of application in the amount of $25.00. no person shall be prevented from obtaining a permit
6.3 QUALIFICATIONS - The issuing authority shall because of inability to pay. Objective and clearly
not issue any certificate to any person unless: defined qualifications eliminate discretionary powers
(a) The applicant is at least 21 years of age, or is a for the issuing authority and enhance the efficiency of
business entity, properly qualified to do business administering the Act and prevent misuse of
in this State. administrative power.
(b) The applicant has not been convicted of a willful
violation of any provisions of the Act.
(c) The applicant has not knowingly withheld
information or has not made any false or
fictitious statement intended or likely to deceive
in connection with the application.
(d) The applicant has certified in writing familiarity
and understanding of all published Federal, State
and local laws relating to explosive materials at
the location of the applicant's activities.
(e) The applicant has not been convicted in any
36
court of a felony.
(f) The applicant is not a fugitive from justice.
(g) The applicant is not an unlawful user of or
addicted to marijuana [as defined in Section
4761 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26
U.S.C. 4761)] or any depressant or stimulant
drug [as defined in Section 201 (2) of the Federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 321
(2)], or narcotic drugs [as defined in Section
4731 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954,
26 U.S.C. 4731 (a)], or alcohol.
6.4 POSTING AND POSSESSION OF
CERTIFICATES - Certificates issued under the
provisions of this Act, except as otherwise provided
with respect to the blaster's certificates, shall be kept
posted on premises or on the person of the certificate
holder and be available for inspection.
6.5 LOCATIONS AND ACTIVITIES - Each
certificate issued under the provisions of this Act shall
specify the certificate holder’s name, the certified
activity, its effective date, and its expiration date. Such
certificate shall cover all such activities for that person
anywhere in the State and such person shall not be
required to obtain additional certificates for additional
locations in the State.
6.6 REGULATIONS AND FORMS - The
administration of this Act shall be vested in the issuing
authority who is authorized to:
Prescribe such rules and regulations as are deemed
reasonably necessary to carry out the provisions of
this Act. The issuing authority shall give
reasonable public notice, and afford to interested
parties opportunity for hearing, prior to
prescribing such regulations.
Prescribe forms required for the administration of
this Act.
6.7 RIGHT OF INSPECTION AND DISCLOSURE -
The authorized authority must enter during business
hours the premises (including places of storage) of any
licensee, permitee, or certificate holder, for the purpose
of inspecting or examining (a) any records or
documents kept by such licensee, permitee, or
certificate holder, and (b) any explosive materials kept
or stored by such licensee, permitee, or certificate
holder. Upon the request of any Federal Agency, the
issuing authority shall make available any information
which it must obtain by reason of the provision of the
section with respect to the identification of persons
within this State, who have purchased or received
explosive materials, together with the description of
such explosive materials.
37
6.8 DENIAL, SUSPENSION, OR REVOCATION OF
PERMIT - A permit under this Act must be denied,
suspended, or revoked for failure to comply with or
satisfy the requirements of any provision of this Act
and for any of the following reasons.
(a) Non-compliance with any order of the issuing
authority
(b) Proof that the applicant or licensee, permitee, or
certificate holder has been convicted of a felony.
(c) Proof that the applicant or licensee, permitee, or
certificate holder advocates, or knowingly
belongs to any organization or group which
advocates violent overthrow or violent action
against any Federal, State or local government,
or any individuals therein.
(d) Proof that the applicant or licensee, permitee, or
certificate holder suffers from a mental or
physical defect that would impair the ability of
the applicant to use materials regulated herein in
their intended manner.
(e) Violation by the applicant or licensee, permitee,
or certificate holder of any provision of any law
or regulation relating to explosive materials, or
proof that false information was willfully given
or misrepresentation willfully made to obtain the
permit.
(f) Failure by the applicant or licensee, permitee, or
certificate holder to advise the issuing authority
of any change in a material fact supplied in the
application.
In any case, where the issuing authority denies,
suspends, or revokes a permit, it promptly will notify
the applicant or licensee, permitee, or certificate holder
of the basis for the revocation, suspension, or denial
and afford the applicant or licensee, permitee, or
certificate holder an opportunity for a hearing in the
manner prescribed by the regulations of the issuing
authority.
6.9 RENEWAL - Permits issued under provisions of
this Act shall be effective for not more than two (2)
years and must be renewed as the issuing authority
must prescribe by regulations.
Section 7. AUTHORITY TO PURCHASE IN
CONTIGUOUS STATES
Any person who is a resident of this State and who Existing federal law and regulations allow trans-
uses explosive materials in the conduct of business or actions involving persons located in contiguous states
occupation must lawfully purchase explosive materials to be treated as an intra-state transaction if authorized
from a seller located or residing in a state contiguous to by the states. Such transactions would be largely
the State; provided such person possesses a proper outside federal regulation, but, adequately, covered by
38
permit or is properly licensed under this Act. this bill.
Section 8. RECORDS
8.1 RECORDS REQUIRED - It shall be unlawful for The record keeping requirements impose on the local
any person willfully to purchase, possess, receive, sell and intra-state transactions the same record keeping
or distribute explosive materials in this State without requirements that are required with respect to
making and keeping records as specified in this interstate transaction by the federal regulations. This
section. uniformity is beneficial to business as compliance is
8.2 RECORDS - Records of purchases, possession, accomplished by a single set of records.
and receipts of explosive materials shall be maintained
by the person purchasing, possessing and receiving the
explosive materials and shall include the date of the
transaction, the name, address and license or permit
number of the person from whom received, the name
of the manufacturer and importer (if any), the
manufacturer's marks of identification (if any), and the
quantity and description of explosive materials. With
respect to explosive materials sold or distributed, the
seller or distributor shall record the name, address, and
license or permit number of distributee, the date of
transaction, the name of the manufacturer and importer
(if any), and the quantity and description of the
explosive materials. Records made and kept pursuant
to regulations promulgated by any Federal Agency
need not be duplicated to satisfy the requirements of
this section.
8.3 FALSE ENTRY - It shall be unlawful for any
licensee or licensee, permitee, or certificate holder
knowingly to make any false entry in any record which
he is required to keep pursuant to this section or
regulations promulgated under Section 6.6 of this act.
8.4 RECORD RETENTION - Any record required by
this Act or regulations promulgated under its provision
shall be retained by the licensee, permitee, or
certificate holder for not less than five years from the
date of the transaction recorded.
Section 9. SAFETY
The issuing authority is authorized to issue such safety This will avoid inconsistency with Department of Labor
regulations as are not inconsistent with any safety regulations.
regulations promulgated by any Federal Department or
Agency.
Section 10. TRANSPORTATION
It shall be unlawful for any person to transport This supplements federal regulation of the
explosive materials in violation of the regulations transportation of explosive materials by regulating
relating to the transportation of explosive materials. intrastate and local transportation. Uniformity is
The issuing authority is authorized to issue regulations assured by reference to the U.S. Department of
covering the transportation of explosive materials in Transportation regulations.
the State. Compliance with the applicable regulations
of the United States Department of Transportation, and
39
such other Federal Regulations as exist or as are
adopted from time to time, shall be deemed in
compliance with this Act and the regulations issued
hereunder.
Section 11. VIOLATION AND PENALTY
Any person violating any of the provisions of this Act These penalty provisions are similar to those in the
or any rules or regulations made hereunder: (a) shall be Organized Crime Control Act.
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a
fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment, and
any permit issued under this Act shall be subject to
revocation for such period as the issuing authority
deems appropriate: (b) and, if such violation was
committed with the knowledge or intent that any
explosive material involved was to be used to kill,
injure or intimidate any person or unlawfully to
damage any real or personal property, the person
committing such violation shall be guilty of a felony
and fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned for not
more than ten (10) years, or both; (c) and if personal
injury results, shall be guilty of a felony and
imprisoned for not more than twenty (20) years or
fined not more than $20,000, or both; (d) and if death
results, shall be guilty of a felony and subject to
imprisonment for any term of years or for life
Section 12. LIMITATION ON LEGISLATION
This act is intended to and shall preempt and supersede This makes it clear the state is preempting the field.
all existing and future county, town, city or municipal Without such pre-emption by the state, the numerous
ordinances or regulations respecting the subjects
covered by this Act. local laws make it difficult for the law-abiding person
to transact business or use explosive materials.
Section 13. EFFECTIVE DATE
13.1 EFFECTIVE DATE - This Act shall become
effective upon enactment. Any person purchasing,
possessing, receiving, or using explosive materials on
the effective date of this Act shall have ninety (90)
days after such effective date to obtain a permit.
13.2 EMERGENCY VARIATIONS - The issuing
authority must approve variations from the
requirements of this Act when he finds that an
emergency exists and that the proposed variation from
the specific requirements (a) are necessary, (b) will not
hinder the effective administration of this Act, and
(c)will not be contrary to any provisions of any other
applicable law, either State or Federal.
Section 14. SEPARABILITY
If any provision of this Act, or regulations promulgated
hereunder, is held invalid by a court of competent
jurisdiction, the remaining provisions or regulations
shall continue to be valid and enforceable.
40
APPENDIX B
INTRA PLANT DISTANCES TABLE
FOR USE ONLY WITHIN CONFINES OF
EXPLOSIVES MANUFACTURING PLANTS
Distance in Distance in Feet

Pounds Pounds Feet When Pounds Pounds When Building
Over Not Over Building is Over Not Over is Barricaded
Barricaded
2 5 16 12,000 14,000 220
5 10 20 14,000 16,000 230
10 20 25 16,000 18,000 238
20 30 28 18,000 20,000 245
30 40 31 20,000 25,000 265
40 50 34 25,000 30,000 280
50 75 38 30,000 35,000 295
75 100 42 35,000 40,000 310
100 125 45 40,000 45,000 320
125 150 48 45,000 50,000 330
150 200 53 50,000 5,000 340
200 250 57 55,000 60,000 350
250 300 60 60,000 65,000 360
300 400 66 65,000 70,000 370
400 500 71 70,000 75,000 380
500 600 76 75,000 80,000 390
600 700 80 80,000 85,000 395
700 800 84 85,000 90,000 400
800 900 87 90,000 95,000 410
900 1,000 90 95,000 100,000 420
1,000 1,200 96 100,000 110,000 430
1,200 1,400 101 110,000 120,000 445
1,400 1,600 106 120,000 130,000 455
1,600 1,800 110 130,000 140,000 465
1,800 2,000 113 140,000 150,000 475
2,000 2,500 122 150,000 160,000 485
2,500 2,300 130 160,000 170,000 495
3,000 4,000 143 170,000 180,000 505
4,000 5,000 154 180,000 190,000 515
5,000 6,000 164 190,000 200,000 525
6,000 7,000 172 200,000 210,000 535
7,000 8,000 180 210,000 230,000 555
8,000 9,000 190 230,000 250,000 575
9,000 10,000 200 250,000 275,000 600
10,000 12,000 210 275,000 300,000 635
When a building or magazine containing explosives is not barricaded, the distance shown in the Table
should be doubled.
41
APPENDIX C
TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR
STORAGE OF LOW EXPLOSIVES
From Inhabited From Public From Above

Pounds Pounds Building Distance Railroad and Ground Magazine
Over Not Over (feet) Highway Distance (feet)
(feet)
0 1,000 75 75 50
1,000 5,000 115 115 75
5,000 10,000 150 150 100
10,000 20,000 190 190 125
20,000 30,000 215 215 145
30,000 40,000 235 235 155
40,000 50,000 250 250 165
50,000 60,000 260 260 175
60,000 70,000 270 270 185
70,000 80,000 280 280 190
80,000 90,000 295 295 195
90,000 100,000 300 300 200
100,000 200,000 375 375 250
200,000 300,000 450 450 300
NOTE: To convert pounds to kilograms multiply by 0.4536.

To convert feet to meters multiply by 0.3048.
42
IMESAFR
Institute of Makers of Explosives Safety Analysis for Risk
What is IMESAFR? Why was

Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) Safety Analysis for Risk (IMESAFR) is a
software model that was developed through a joint effort by IME and
IMESAFR
A-P-T Research, Inc. developed?
IMESAFR is a probabilistic risk assessment tool used to calculate risk IMESAFR was developed
to personnel from explosives facilities. This software not only to provide a more
calculates Quantity Distances (QD) based on the American comprehensive
Table of Distances and other QD regulations, it can assessment of
determine a level of safety based upon risk. the overall risk of
explosives operations.
The commercial
explosives industry
in the United States
uses the American
Table of Distances
(ATD) as the basis for
safe siting of explosives
storage facilities. ATD
siting involves the evaluation
of a specific magazine and
inhabited building or public
highway, which are referred to
as a Potential Explosion Site
(PES)/Exposed Site (ES) pair in
IMESAFR. This evaluation yields
the recommended separation
IMESAFR uses the donor structure and activity, the structure of the exposed distance based on the factors
sites, and duration of exposed personnel to determine a level of safety. The that affect risk, including
program provides users with the ability to work in metric or imperial measures, whether a barricade exists.
and allows users to import maps or drawings of their site to assist with Although the same criteria
visualizing facility layouts and results. can be applied to explosives
manufacturing operations,
the ATD was intended for
Importing Site Images
Loading a Registered Image Cache use in limited permanent
The first time a registered
storage situations. In addition
image is loaded into the to permanent storage
program, an image cache
file is created the situations, IMESAFR accounts
computer.
for other activities such as
manufacturing, assembly, and
Identifying Risk Drivers
Risk drivers can control the overall risk at a site so it is important to determine
loading and unloading.
what they are before spending time and money on mitigation efforts.
Consider a hypothetical scenario with the consequences shown below:
1e-02
1e-04
1e-06
1e-08
1e-10
1e-12
Overpressure Glass Building Collapse Image tiles can be easily loaded right into the
Debris
Based on the bar chart above, what is the risk driver?

What could be done to address the risk driver? program for future use.
Would removing all of the glass from the ES be effective?
M6-7 M4-11
IMESAFR Training Course
The course is presented over three Course Content Course Outline
days with eight hours of mixed
lecture and discussion each day for The IMESAFR Training Course will 1. Overview
a total of 24 classroom hours. Daily guide the user through the overall 2. QD Concepts & Background
class hours are from 8am to 5pm user interface of the IMESAFR 3. QRA Concepts & Background
with an hour for lunch and breaks Software. Some of the topics
4. IMESAFR Features
mid-morning and mid-afternoon. A discussed are listed below.
5. Class Exercise 1
competency test will be given at the A background on the concepts
end of the course. 6. Risk Management
and terminology used in the
7. Advanced Tools
Class Size: minimum of 10, IMESAFR risk assessment
software. 8. Architecture - Part 1
maximum of 25.
9. Architecture - Part 2
A thorough guide on using input
Where 10. IMESAFR Protocols
screens and choosing the proper
The class is normally held at the 11. Linking Architecture to Testing
input selection.
APT Safety Engineering and Analysis
12. Class Exercise 2
Center (SEAC) in Huntsville, AL, A description of the capabilities
conveniently located in Cummings’ of IMESAFR including menu 13. Approval Process
Research Park near Redstone options, functions of the tool 14. Input Decisions
Arsenal. bar, help menu and generating 15. Group Exercise
See www.apt-research.com/ reports. 16. Test
contacts/contactUs.html Each student is
An overview of the 26-step
for detailed directions. responsible for
process used by IMESAFR to
The class may also familiarize the user with the bringing a laptop to
be offered at exposure and consequence training. A training
other locations. analysis. book is included in
On-site training the course fee.
Multiple examples (some worked
courses can be
individually and some as a
arranged, as
group) demonstrating the various
well as courses
capabilities of IMESAFR.
that run in
conjunction with Practical applications of the
conferences and software and its use in the risk
meetings. management process.
Schedule Cost Registration Information

www.apt-research.com/ New IMESAFR 2.0: To register for a class in Huntsville
capabilities/training.html Non IME member: US$1800 or if you are interested in setting up
IME member: US$750 a training course at a location other
CEU than Huntsville, please contact:
Upon completion of this course, Upgrade IMESAFR 2.0:
attendees will be credited with 2.0 Non IME member: US$750 Dean Nichols
Continuing Education Units (CEU). IME member: US$375 256.327.3373
Training voucher: US$1800 imesafrtraining@apt-research.com
institute of makers of explosives APT Point of Contact

www.ime.org John Tatom 4950 Research Drive
256.327.3373 Huntsville, AL 35805
aptinfo@apt-research.com www.apt-research.com
M-09-00810
DESTRUCTION OF COMMERCIAL EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
At times it may be necessary to destroy commercial explosive materials. These may consist of explosives
or blasting agents from containers that have been broken during transportation or may be materials that
have exceeded their recommended shelf life or are believed to be overage or are no longer needed.
Due to the many developments in explosive technology over the past few years, the appearance and
characteristics of products have undergone marked changes. To be sure that you are familiar with the
properties of the product that you plan to destroy, the manufacturer of that product should be consulted
for the most current product information and the recommended method of disposal and/or destruction.
The member companies of the Institute of Makers of Explosives have agreed to supply advice and
assistance in destroying explosives. If the manufacturer is known, seek his assistance. If the
manufacturer is not known, a member company of the Institute of Makers of Explosives may provide
advice or assistance.
The above policy of IME member companies relates only to commercial explosive materials. It does not
include handling improvised explosive devices or bombs, military ordnance, military explosives, or
homemade explosive materials.
IME member companies also cannot become involved in destroying explosive materials, which have been
used for illegal purposes, are reportedly stolen property or are considered as evidence in any potential
civil litigation or criminal prosecution.

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Member Companies (As of October 2015)

Accurate Energetic Systems Nelson Brothers

Liaison Members: Federation of European Explosives

Copyright © 2015 Institute of Makers of Explosives

FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................... iii

Institute of Makers of Explosives

Section 1.1 Scope

1.1.2 This Code shall not apply to:

Section 1.2 Retroactivity

Section 1.3 Definitions

Section 2.1 General Provisions

Section 2.2 Exceptions

Section 2.3 Manufacturer

Section 2.4 Importer

Section 2.5 Dealer

Section 2.6 User

Section 2.7 Blaster's Certification

2.7.3 Applicant for a blaster certification shall:

CLASS CATEGORY DESCRIPTION

A Unlimited All types of blasting.

All phases of blasting operations in quarries, open pit

D Demolition All phases of blasting in demolition projects.

E Seismic Prospecting All phases of blasting in seismic prospecting.

All phases of blasting in agriculture but limited to not

G Special Special blasting as described on the certificate.

Section 2.8 Certificate Restrictions

2.8.1 No certificate shall be assigned or transferred.

Section 2.9 Denial, Revocation, or Suspension of Certificates

Section 2.10 Posting of Licenses, Certificates and Permits

Section 2.11 Recordkeeping and Reporting

Section 2.12 Applications and Renewals

ARTICLE 3: MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS

Section 3.1 General Provisions

Section 3.2 General Requirements

3.2.7 Flashlights shall not be permitted in explosive materials areas.

EXCEPTION: Flashlights of a type approved by the plant management.

3.2.23 Foreign objects or materials (physical and non-thermal considerations)

3.2.40 Hot work operations shall be performed by permit only.

3.2.45 General Site Control for Permanent Locations

3.3.3 Fixed Location Mixing

3.3.4 Equipment Used for Mixing

3.3.5 Mix Plant Operation

3.3.6 Construction of Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

3.3.7 Blasting Site Operation of Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

3.3.8 Repairs to Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

3.4.2 General Requirements

3.4.3 Fixed Location Mixing

3.4.4 Construction of Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

3.4.5 Blast Site Operation of Bulk Delivery and Mixing Vehicles

ARTICLE 4: TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS ON HIGHWAYS

Section 4.1 General Provisions

Section 4.2 Transportation Vehicles

Section 4.3 Operation of Transportation Vehicles

Section 5.1 General Provisions

Section 5.2 Classification and Use of Magazines

5.2.1 Indoor Magazines

a. An indoor magazine shall not be located in a residence or dwelling.

Use "Blasting Agent" Column in

Section 5.4 Construction of Magazines – General

5.4.4 Magazine heating systems shall meet the following requirements:

Section 5.5 Construction of Magazines

Section 5.6 Magazine Operations

5.6.1 Storage within Magazines

Based on the bar chart above, what is the risk driver?