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Issues: Applying Demand Factor and Diversity Factor Per The
Issues: Applying Demand Factor and Diversity Factor Per The
APPLYING DEMAND FACTOR FOR RECEPTACLES APPLYING DEMAND FACTOR FOR THE NEUTRAL
220.13; TABLE 220.13 220.22
Section 220.13 of the NEC makes it clear that in dwelling Section 220.22 of the NEC states that for a service or
units, general-purpose receptacles are not counted as a feeder, the maximum unbalanced load controls the
load. In other than dwelling units, a minimum of 180 VA ampacity selected for the grounded (neutral) conductor.
is computed for each general-purpose receptacle. For hos- The grounded (neutral) conductor service or feeder load
pitals, hotels, motels, and warehouses, this receptacle load should be considered wherever a grounded (neutral)
can be lumped with the lighting load, and the demand conductor is used in conjunction with one or more
factors of Table 220.11 may be applied to the total. ungrounded (phase) conductors. On a single-phase feeder
phase systems, a further demand factor of 70 percent • If the maximum data for the demand in kVA,
should be applied to that portion of the unbalanced such as demand meter ratings, is available for
load in excess of 200 amperes. There should be no a minimum of one year.
reduction of the grounded (neutral) conductor ampacity • If 125 percent of the demand ratings for the period
for that portion of the load that consists of electric- of one year added to the new load does not exceed
discharge lighting, electronic computer/data processing the rating of the service. Where demand meters are
or similar equipment, when supplied by four-wire, used, in most cases the load as computed will
wye-connected, three-phase systems. probably be less than the demand meter indications.
(See Figure 4) (See Figure 5)
OCPD
• 215.3
• 215.2(A) RECORDED AMPS BRANCH-
WITH AMMETER OR CIRCUITS
USE POWER METER
15.1 kVA LOAD • 218 A
TO BE ADDED • LARGEST PHASE
DIRECTORY
1. Motor 1 2.
3. 4.
READING 5.
7.
9.
6.
8.
10.
11. 12.
FEEDER-CIRCUIT
CONDUCTORS MOTOR
NO. 2000 KCMIL BRANCH- ADDED
MBJ • 215.2(A)(1) PANELBOARD
IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT
GEC LOAD
EXISTING SERVICE PANEL • 102 A
GES
• 78.4 kVA LOAD (EXISTING DEMAND)
• 208 V, 3Ø
• USE 360 V NOTE: ADDED LOAD FOR A SERVICE CAN BE COMPUTED,
USING THE SAME PROCEDURE PER 220.35, Ex.
Solution: The 15.1 kVA demand load can be Solution: The 375 amp load can be applied
to the existing feeder-circuit
applied to the existing service conductors.
without upgrading the elements.
Figure 5. The above illustration is the calculation Figure 6. The above illustration shows the optional calculation
for adding a load to an existing service or feeder- being applied for adding a load to an existing feeder-circuit
circuit using 220.35. using 220.35.
Figure 5 Figure 6
not available, the calculated load is permitted to be are connected to a feeder-circuit. Because of the particu-
based on the maximum demand (measure of average lar application, certain motors do not operate together
power demand over a 15-minute period) continuously and the feeder-circuit conductors are permitted to be
recorded over a minimum 30 day period using a sized based on a historical demand factor.
recording ammeter or power meter connected to the For example, the authority having jurisdiction may grant
highest loaded ungrounded (phase) of the feeder or permission to allow a demand factor of less than 100 per-
service, based on the initial loading at the start of cent if operation procedures, production demands, or the
the recording. nature of the work is such that not all the motors are run-
(See Figure 6) ning at one time. An engineering study or evaluation of
SUPPLY
• 3Ø FEEDER SIZED
• 208 V AT 75% DEMAND
CONDUCTORS
• THWN
NOTE 2: FOR SIMPLICITY, ONLY ONE • cu.
CONDUIT AND 4-CONDUCTORS PER
PHASE ARE SHOWN. .
Figure 7. The above illustration shows the sizing of a feeder-circuit using 430.26
Figure 7
CONCLUSION
For engineers and contractors, the above demand factors
are the most widely used on a regular basis because of
their uniqueness to electrical design. With the applica-
tion of demand factors, smaller components can be uti-
ILLUSTRATIONS COURTESY OF GRAYBOY, INC.