DETAILS AND DETAILING OF CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT (ACI 315-92) Reported by ACI Committee 315 Anthony L. Felder Chairman ‘Ted Maclean Brown* Stanley Gordon Roy H. Reiterman Peter D. Courtois* ‘Baward S. Hoffman Paul F. Rice Robert E. Doyle Robert W. Johnson Milton R. Sees Gustav G. Erlemann ‘David W. Johnston J. Maurice Spang, J. Leo P. Fibotte Harry B. Lancelot, It ‘Anton Tedesko Jules O.A. Gagnon, Jr. Douglas D. Lee Bertrand K. Thornley Gerald E. Goettsche 1. Mana A. Robert Vernec Paul Gordon Peter Meza TDessed This document provides standards of practice for bok the Engineer and Reinforcing Stel Detailer in showing reinforcement deal. I is divided into te pars: one addressed tothe Engineer, one for the Detailer, and ‘third proving tables and figures. I atempsto define he responsibilities ofboth the Engineer and Detailer. It then exablshe conan standard of Practice for both the engineering and placing drawing. Keywords: beams (sepports; ending (reinforcing steel): bridges (structures: bidings:colimas (supports): computer: concrete onstruction: conerete slabs: daling: drafting (raving. engineering drawings; fabrication; Noor stems; foundations; hooked reinforcement reinforced concrete; reinforcing sees splicing trop; srvctral desig; tis (enforcement: tolerances (mechani), ‘lls; welded wire fabric FOREWORD Increased use of computers has led to sophisticated techniques of structural analysis and has also increased manufacturing and fabrication capabilities. The result is that more complex structures are being designed and built with structural members which have long spans, shallow depths, and contain a high percentage of rein- forcement. ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and ‘Commentaries are intended for guidance in designing, planning, executing, or inspecting construction, and in preparing specifications. Reference to these documents shall not be made in the Project Documents. If items found in these documents are desired to be part of the Project Documents, they should be phrased in mandatory language and incorporated into the Project Documents Participation by Federal agency representatives in the work of the American Concrete Institute and in the devel- ‘opment of Institute standards does not constitute Govern- ‘ment endorsement of ACI or the standards which it develops, In the past, during the course of developing placing drawings, the Detailer often suggested solutions in areas where the details were incomplete and whete the rein- forcing steel appeared to have constructibility problems. Usually these solutions were used only after their acceptance by the Engineer. Unfortunately, many prob- Jems do not surface during the detailing phase but rather occur during construction. The Engineer and the Con- tractor, working together, then solve the problem. ‘The Engineer prepares the structural design to meet the requirements of the applicable building code and provides sufficient definition through the design docu- ‘ments to convey all the requirements for detailing rein- forcing steel. It is then the Detailer’s responsibility to develop all of the dimensions and quantities of the rein- forcing steel to conform with the drawings and specifica- tions of the Engineer. ‘As the complexity of design and construction increase, it is imperative that both Engineer and Detailer clearly understand their responsibilities. The responsibilities of the Engineer and the Detailer as they apply to the con- “The document was approved by the Expedited Standardization Procedure fective March 1992. ‘Adopted asa standard of the American Concrete fase, Oct. 1, 1980, in accordance with the Isitutes standardization procedure Iwas reviced bythe [Expedited Procedure elfcve Sept. 1, 1986, and Mar. 1, 1992 and supersedes 315-80 (Revised 1986)(Reapproved 1991). This standard, together withthe "Manual of Engineering and Placing Drawing (or Relafored Concrete Structures (ACT 315R}" comprises the ACI Detling Manual, SP-66. ‘Copyright © 192, American Concrete astute. ‘All rights recrved including the right of reproduction and use in any form or by any means inching the making of copies by any photo process or by any clectroni or mechanical deve printed, writen or ora. or recording for sound ‘or visual reproduction of for we in any Enowledge or erie sates or device ‘oles permison in writing is obained from the copyright proprietors. 3184315-2 crete industry are stated more clearly by providing separate sections for each CONTENTS PART A—RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ENGINEER Chapter 1—Engineering drawings, pg. 315-3 1.1—General 1.2—Drawing standards 1.3—Engineering drawings—Buildings and other structures 1.4—Engineering drawings—Highway and Trans- portation structures Chapter 2—Standards of practice, pg. 315-4 2.1—General 2.2Tolerances 2.3Combination drawings 2.4—Hooks and bends 2.5—Beams and girders 2.6—Columns 2.7_Development and splices of reinforcement 2.8 Connection details 2.9—Reinforcement supports 2.10—Special details for seismic design of frames, joints, walls, diaphragms and two-way slabs 2.11 Corrosion resistant coatings for reinforcement PART B—RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DETAILER Chapter 3—Placing drawings, pg. 315-12 3.1—Definition 3.2Scope 3.3—Procedure 3.4—Drawing standards 3.5—Building drawings 3.6—Highway drawings 3.7Detailing to fabricating standards Chapter 4—Fabricating practice standards, pg. 315-17 4.1—Fabrication 4.2—Extras 43—Tolerances Chapter 5—Supports for reinforcement, pg. 315-18 5.1—General 5.2—Types of bar supports 5.3_Side form spacers and beam bolsters 5.4—Placing reinforcement supports Chapter 6—Computer-assisted detailing, pg. 315-19 6.1—Use of computers in detailing 6.2—Placing drawings 6.3—Ordering procedures Chapter 7—Recommended practices for location of bars designated only by size/spacing, pg. 315-20 ‘ACI STANDARD Chapter 8—References, pg. 315-20 PART C—FIGURES AND TABLES Fig. 1—Typical details for one-way solid slabs, pg. 315-22 Fig. 2—Typical details for beams, pg. 315-23 Fig. 3—Typical details for one-way joist construction, pg. 315-24 Fig. 4Standard fabricating tolerances for bar sizes #3 through #11, pg. 315-25 Fig. 5—Standard fabricating tolerances for bar sizes #14 and #18, pg. 315-27 Fig. 6—Typical bar bends, pg. 315-28 Fig. 7—Column splice details, pg. 315-29 8 One-piece column ties applicable for lap-spliced preassembled cages, pg. 315-30 Fig. 9Universal column ties for standard columns ap- plicable for either preassembled cages or field erection, pg. 315-31 10—Universal column ties applicable for either pre- assembled cages or field erection: special- shaped columns and columns with bars in two faces only, pg. 315-32 Fig. 11—Typical wall details shown in horizontal cross section, pg. 315-33 Fig. 12—ACT 318 requirements for anchorage of open stirrups, pg. 315-33 Fig, 13—Recommended two-piece closed single and mul- tiple U-stirrups, pg. 315-34 Fig. 14Not Recommended—Closed stirrup styles con- sidered ineffective for members subjected to high torsion stress, pg. 315-34 Fig. 15—Typical seismic-resistant details—Flexural mem- bers, pg. 315-35 Fig. 16—Typical seismic-resistant details—Columns, pg- 315-36 Fig. 17—Example of transverse reinforcement in col- ‘ums, pg. 315-37 Fig. 18—Typical ductile frame-spandrel joint details, pg- 315-38 ig. 19—Boundary members, pg. 315-39 Fig. 20—Recommended layout for placing drawings, pg- 315-39 Fig. 21—Typical bar lists for buildings, pg. 315-40 Fig. 22—Typical bar list for highway structures, pg 315-41 Fig. 23Location of bars designated only by size/spacing, eg. 315-42 Table 1—Standard hooks, pg. 315-44 Table 2a—Maximum number of bars as a single layer in beam stems conforming to ACI 318, pg. 315- 45 ‘Table 2>—Maximum number of bars as a single layer in beam stems or columns, pg. 315-46 | Table 3—Maximum number of bars as a single layer in beam stems conforming to AASHTO "Standard(CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT Specifications for Highway Bridges,” pg. 315- 47 Table 4—Maximum number of bars in cast-in-place round columns based on ACI 318 require- ments, pg. 315-48 ‘Table S—Maximum number of bars that can be accom- modated in a column face, using mechanical end-bearing connections based on ACI318, pg. 315-49 ‘Table 6—Maximum spacing of column ties per ACI 318, Section 7.10.5.2 pg. 315-49 ‘Table 7—Minimum requirements for column spiral spacers, pg. 315-49 ‘Table 8—Bundled bars as column verticals—Design and detail data, pg. 315-50 ‘Table 9—Compression embedment and lap splices for grade 60 bars, bar diameters, pg. 315-50 ‘Table 10—Tension development length (in.) for grade 60 uncoated bars in normal weight concrete, pg. 315-51 Table 11—Tension lap splice length (in.) for grade 60 uncoated bars in normal weight concrete, pg. 315-52 Table 12—Tension development length (in.) for grade 60 epoxy-coated bars in normal weight concrete, pg. 315-53 ‘Table 13—Tension lap splice length (in.) for grade 60 epoxy-coated bars in normal weight concrete, pg. 315-55 ‘Table 14—Minimum tension embedment lengths J, (in.) for standard end hooks on grade 60 bars in normal weight concrete, pg. 315-56 Table 15—Minimum tension embedment lengths ly, (in.) for standard end hooks on grade 60 bars in lightweight aggregate concrete, pg. 315-57 PART A—RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ENGINEER CHAPTER 1—ENGINEERING DRAWINGS 1.1—General Engineering drawings are those prepared by the Engineer for the Owner or purchaser of engineering ser- vices. The engineering drawings and the project specifi- cations form a part of Contract Documents. Engineering drawings should contain an adequate set of notes and all other essential information in a form that can be quickly and correctly interpreted. These drawings should convey definite instructions and show reinforcing bars and welded wire fabric. Engineering and placing drawings may be combined.” ‘The responsibility of the Engineer is to furnish a clear statement of design requirements; the responsibility of the Detailer is to carry out these requirements. The En- gineer’s specifications or drawings should not merely refer the Detailer to an applicable building code for 315-3 information to use in preparing placing drawings. Instead, this information should be interpreted by the Engineer and shown in the form of specific design details or notes for the Detailer to follow. Where omissions, ambiguities, ‘or incompatibilities are discovered, additional infor- mation, clarifications, or corrections should be requested by the Detailer and provided by the Engineer. The En- gineer should require in the specifications that placing Grawings be submitted for approval. Section 1.2.1 of the ACI 318 Building Code lists the information that shall be shown on the structural drawings, which includes the following: ‘© Anchorage length of reinforcement and location and length of lap splices ‘© ‘Type and location of welded splices and mechanical connections of reinforcement 1.2—Drawing standards 1.2.1 Materials—The minimum standard media for production of engineering drawings should be pencil on tracing paper. Other media providing improved repro- ducibility or durability such as ink, tracing cloth, or polyester film may be utilized. 1.2.2 Sizes—Drawings should be made in standard sizes. All sheets in any one set of drawings should be the same size. There are two well-recognized sets of standard sizes. Commercial standards: 18x 24 in, 24 x 36 in. 27x 36 in. 30 x 42 in, Federal agencies: 17x22 in. 22 x 34 in. + 2 in, binding (AASHTO) 28 x 40 in. + 2 in. binding 30x 42 i All dimensions are to cutting line outside of margin. Border lines are inside these dimensions. 1.23 Direction—An arrow indicating the direction of north should be placed on every drawing which contains a plan view. 1.2.4 Scales—The scales used should be indicated on all engineering drawings, preferably under the title of each view. Drawings that may be enlarged or reduced in reproduction should show a graphic scale as well as a descriptive one to aid the user. 1.2.5 Lettering—All lettering shall be clear and legible. If reduced-scale photographic prints are to be made for field use, lettering must be correspondingly larger, and meet microfilming standards in accordance with the National Microfilm Association publication "Modern Drafting Techniques for Quality Microreproductions.” Tremeats for placing drawings ar in Part B addreed tothe Detailer