Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PHILOSOPHY 1 REVIEWER - 2nd Long Exam
PHILOSOPHY 1 REVIEWER - 2nd Long Exam
15. Fallacy of Sunk Thinking we should continue a In a career for 10 years but
Costs task because of all that we’ve put not happy, ask yourself
into it, without considering the what’s the best for your
future costs future? So as not to not
waste the 10 years (the sunk
cost), stay
16. Equivocation Using a word, phrase, or sentence
(ambiguity) to confuse, deceive, or mislead by
sounding
17. Gambler’s Thinking that because X derives "His father is a criminal, so
fallacy from Y, and Y has a certain he must also be up to no
property, X must have the same good."
property also
MORAL PHILOSOPHY
ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY
I. Introduction
a. Go Harlem Brundtland
i. Became a doctor when women weren’t known
ii. 1980’s, Norway
iii. Many with upper respiratory tract infection (but many trees)
iv. Noticed reason why: Norway was affected by the industrialized
countries (when the Earth was rotating)
v. Became Minister of Earth
vi. Called attention to European Union United Nations
b. UNEP: United Nations Environmental Program
i. To know the state of the Earth
ii. 1982-1985 studied state of the Earth
iii. Baseline data
iv. Brundtland data: state of the Earth report as of 1987
v. Report was published in book: Our Common Future
II. Situation
a. Kids to give candy
b. There should be equal distribution instead of differential distribution
because everyone should be saved
III. Reasons for Environmental Decay
1. Deforestation
Statistics
o Primary forests are lost 80,000 km2/yr (original forests)
o 7% of the whole worlds 50% of all life reside here
Why Inbreeding isn’t good
o No diversity of species
o Need gene pool from wild (coming from 50% plants and
animals from 7%)
World was gas cooled crust w/ minerals
o Plantlife absorbed minerals dried and produced layer
1000 years to produce 1 inch of topsoil
o No trees – siltation trees absorb water with unproductive
material water is not pure
The Chain Effects
o X primary forests X water X oxygen X drugs and
medicines
Mankind studied the poison arrow frog used in
medicine to cure tuberculosis going around Europe
(whole mankind might die)
o siltation no sunlight X coral polyps X coral reefs X
fish smaller brains / malnourished
More coral reefs destroyed by deforestation than
dynamite fishing
PH has 8% forest cover left (supposed to be 53% forest cover)
2. Climate Change
Over time
o More super typhoons (used to be 1 every 10 years 1-2
super typhoons every year)
o In last 200 years, 1.5-4.5 degrees Celsius increase
10,000 years ago to before 18th century = 18th century
= next 100 years
o Stephen Hawking: estimated that by 2055, climate change
will be so devastating we won’t be able to do anything
Currently
o Philippines: already 2 deserts
o One of these days, Ilocos Norte and ______ and La Union
may become deserts
o By 2030, Pangasinan will feel desertification
3. Pollution
Three Kinds of Pollution
a. Household
i. Examples
1. Pen – 1.6 billion in 1987 US (6 inches x 1.6 billion
go around world 6 times)
2. Disposable Diaper – 16 billion in US x 1 foot = go
around world 122 times
3. Napkins – non-biodegradable – 3 billion women in
the world, 1/3 example uses – 1 billion women
every month x 5 = 5 billion x 10 months = 50 billion
ii. NOAA (National Oceanographic Atmosphere
Administration) – Predicting that end of century, more
trash (plastic) > fish
iii. In Europe, microplastics in sea; there are plastic
islands bigger than countries
b. Industrial
i. World Wars
1. Nergas Bomb – World War I
a. U.S.: 500,000 tons of Nergas Bombs; can’t
dispose to decommission, complex
chemistry 500 years to decommission all
b. Left Nergas bombs in PH
c. Subic and Clark – most leukemia in PH
d. UP Clark – with cement – might be bombs
2. Nuclear Bomb – World War II
c. Radioactivity
i. UN: can’t put nuclear stockpile in volcanic area and
earthquake and super typhoon prone areas
1. Japan – 40 nuclear power plants
2. Taiwan – 6 nuclear power plants
ii. Brought to special facility in Pangasinan (nuclear
sickness)
iii. West PH sea – nuclear waste – China, Taiwan **
4. Population Growth
a. Problem: less than 11% of the Earth is agriculturally
productive
b. UN Development Program: 2 hectares per person
c. 1 meter rise (sea) 15 million in Bangladesh will be
refugees (no homes)
d. 11 people – sharing 1 productive hectare, need 2 hectares
per person