Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test 1. Aconclusion which is arrived at by inductive reasoning is called a A. counterexample BB. proof C._conjecture D. theorem Use the following information to answer the next question. Georgina is working with Pascal's Triangle. 1 ‘The fist first five rows are shown. She adds eae | together the numbers in each row of the el iangle and makes a conjecture. 1 4°56 ° 4 4 2, A conjecture which could be made from Georgina’s process is A. the sum of the numbers in row n is 2n B. _ the sum of the numbers in row n is 2"~! the sum of the numbers in row n is 2" D. the sum of the numbers in row nis n Use the following information to answer the next three questions. Mildred is working with a number sequence shown. 2,5,7,12, 19,31, 50, If the sequence continues in this pattern, then the next number will be___. TT os eons yoursivcin mmol sepmstox each wish) —_| 3. Mildred believes she sees a pattern in this sequence for determining which numbers will be prime. Seeing that there were three primes followed by one composite, then two primes followed by two composites, she makes a conjecture that the sequence will continue with one prime followed by three composites, before another prime number. ‘The number which provides a counterexample to this conjecture is A. 131 B. 212 C. 343 D. 398 Mildred also divides each number in the sequence by the previous number, As she moves down the list, he makes a conjecture that this quotient approaches a single number. To the nearest hundredth, the number the quotient approaches is. Geox yourmneritesumeicipeaetortonietwréy = [T] Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.98 Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test a 4. Consider the following statements: * Allclarinet players are musicians. + Fred is a clarinet player. ‘Which of the following is a conclusion which can be reached from the statements? A. Alllclarinet players are named Fred. B. All musicians are clarinet players. C. Fredis a musician, D. Fred is not a musician, 5. Consider the following scenario. Michael was given two statements: * Alleven numbers are composite, * 2 is an even number. He concluded from the statements that 2 must be a composite number. ‘What was the error in this scenario? A. — The original statement “All even numbers are composite” is untrue. B. The original statement “2 is an even number” is untrue. C. The conclusion should have been that all composite numbers have 2 as a factor, D. There is no error in the scenario. j Use the following information to answer the next question. Mario is attempting to prove that the difference between an even number and an odd number is always odd. His work is shown: Let 2n represent the even number; and ler 2™-4 represent the odd number. Line 2: (2n)- (2m - 4) Line3: © 2n-2m-4 Line 4: © 4, which is odd. Line 1: 6. Mario made his first error in A. line 1 B. line2 Cc. line3 D. line4 7. Which of the following expressions does not represent a number divisible by 3, where m,n N? AL 15m-n43 B. 3(m+n) /, C. 6(2m+3n) i D. 12m?-3n Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test 99. Which of the following would make an argument invalid? A. Not enough premises, B. Anerror in the reasoning. €. Too many premises. D. Noconclusion. Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Olivia showed her friend Alexander a fallacious proof for 2 Step |: Leta=b Step 6: 2a*-2a0= a" - ao Step2: Then at b=b+e, Step7: 2ala- 0) = a(a-e) Step3: a? +ab=ab+ ac Step 8: pivide both sides by (a - ¢) to get2a =a. Step 4: 207+ ab=a*+ab+ ac Step9: Divide both sides by a togeant Step 5: 207 =a? +00 ie The first error occurred in Step (Record your answer in the numerical response box from left to right) 9. — Which of the following is an error in logic in the proof? ‘A. a,b,and c cannot all be equal to each other at the same time. B. _ Dividing both sides by (a ~ c) results in division by 0. C. Dividing both sides by a results in division by 0. D. The expressions in Step 6 cannot be factored. Use the following information to answer the next question. Katelyn used inductive reasoning to make ae a conjecture from the information shown. and 422 Pad and 923 (4P=16 and 162-4 Peo and lel Her conjecture was that the square of a number is greater than or equal to the number. 10. Which of the following numbers represents a counterexample to her conjecture? AL ol B. 10 c 2 D. 3 Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.