Healthcare Simulation Dictionary

1 ST E DI T ION , June 2016 A project of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare
www.ssih.org/dictionary
Healthcare Simulation
Dictionary TM
W I T H T H E S U P P O RT A ND INP U T OF : Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare (ASPiH) • Association for Standardized
Patient Educators (ASPE) • Australian Society for Simulation in Healthcare (ASSH) • Brasilian Association for Simulation in Health
(Abrassim) • Canadian Network for Simulation in Healthcare (CNSH) • Dutch Society for Simulation in Healthcare (DSSH) • International
Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation in Learning (INACSL) • International Pediatric Simulation Society (IPSS) • Japan Society for
Instructional Systems in Healthcare (JSISH) • Korean Society for Simulation in Healthcare (KoSSH)
• Latin American Association for Clinical Simulation (ALASIC) • New Zealand Association for
Simulation in Healthcare (NZASH) • Pan Asia Society for Simulation in Healthcare (PASSH) • Polish
Society of Medical Simulation (PSMS) • Portuguese Society for Simulation (SPSim) • Russian Society
for Simulation Education in Medicine (ROSOMED) • Society in Europe for Simulation Applied to
Medicine (SESAM) • Spanish Society of Clinical Simulation and Patient Safety (SESSEP)
Contributors
Editor
Joseph O. Lopreiato Please use the following
citation for this document:
Associate Editors Lopreiato, J. O. (Ed.), Downing, D.,

Gammon, W., Lioce, L., Sittner, B.,
Dayna Downing Barbara Sittner
Slot, V., Spain, A. E. (Associate Eds.),
Wendy Gammon Vickie Slot and the Terminology & Concepts
Lori Lioce Andrew Spain Working Group. (2016). Healthcare
Simulation DictionaryTM. Retrieved from
http://www.ssih.org/dictionary.
Consultant Lexicographer
Orin Hargreaves
Terminology & Concepts Working Group

Adalberto Amaya Afanador Sharon Decker Elyssebeth Leigh Jan Joost Rethans
Guillaume Alinier Ignacio del Moral Karen Lewis Karen Reynolds
Meg Anderson Carol Durham Helge Lorentzen John Rice
Wendy Anson Chad Epps Jose M Maestre Jill Sanko
Zalim Balsikov David Feinstein Beth Mancini Lesley Scott
Bryn Baxendale Kirsty Freeman Jenn Manos Kris Slawinski
Filippo Bresnan David Gaba Alejandro Martinez Mary Kay Smith
Sharon Calaman Gayle Gliva Francisco Matos Elsa Soyland
Juleen Campbell Yue Ming Huang Colleen Meakim Marzia Spessot
Jeff Carmack Keiichi Ikegami Maurizio Menarini Jessica Stokes-Parish
Hyun Soo Chung Debbie Johnston Debra Nestel Demian Szyld
Don Coerver Suzan Kardong-Edgren Cate Nicholas Deb Tauber
Frank Coffey Michelle Kelly Janice Palaganas Jane Torrie
Linda Crelinsten Krista Kipper Mary Patterson Tess Vawser
Roger Daglius Dias Sabrina Koh Dan Raemer
John Dean Hani Lababidi Gwenn Randall
Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 2

Preamble
In January 2013, an international group of simulation experts gathered in Orlando,
Florida USA to form a working team whose mission was to create a dictionary of terms
used in healthcare simulation. It was recognized by this group that there was a need to
compile terms that had been completed by other groups in healthcare simulation and
to add more terms. The document you see represents the work of many individuals
and their societies to compile and refine the dictionary. The goal of this project is to
enhance communication and clarity for healthcare simulationists in teaching, education,
assessment, research, and systems integration activities.
There are some key points to keep in mind when looking at this document, because it is not
perfect, nor complete.
• This is a living document and represents the sum of the work • Terms that have been identified as potentially controversial
at this moment. Terms and definitions will change and be have been noted with a * prior to the word.
edited, added, or deleted over time.
• The terms and spellings are written in standard American
• The intent was to be inclusive of the various definitions in English. This was at the recommendation of our consultant
use, not to exclude any definitions or areas of healthcare lexicographer to aid in reducing clutter and support
simulation. translation to other languages.
• This collection of definitions shows how the terms are being • As a living document, all are encouraged to submit feedback
used in healthcare simulation. It is not intended to dictate one using the form located at www.ssih.org/dictionary. We realize
particular definition over another. there may be better insights into other terms or definitions,
additional references, etc.
• This dictionary focuses on healthcare simulation specific
terms and meanings. Many terms that are generally used • Citations have been included wherever possible. Should you
in education (e.g. educational design) and healthcare (e.g. know of additional and/or missing citations, please submit
ventricular fibrillation or anxiety) are not defined. The reader those as above. Original citations are preferred.
is referred to standard dictionaries and resources for these
definitions. • The Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH) acknowledges
the participation and input of many individuals and also the
• This list of terms is not a taxonomy, nor should it be used as Societies they represent. Without you, this would not have
such. It may inform taxonomical work. been possible! Thank you for your time and efforts in the
creation of this dictionary over the last three years.
Joseph O. Lopreiato MD, MPH

JUNE 2016

A
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See also: ORIENTATION, PREBRIEFING

C
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D
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Compare: FACILITATOR, SIMULATIONIST

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FIDELITY, HIGH FIDELITY SIMULATION, IMMERSIVE SIMULATION, LOW
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See also: ENVIRONMENTAL FIDELITY, FIDELITY, REALISM
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See also: IMMERSIVE SIMULATION
See also: UNANNOUNCED STANDARDIZED PATIENTS, STEALTH
PATIENTS, SECRET SHOPPER
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See also: FIDELITY, IMMERSION, REALISM

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See also: INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION/TRAINING/LEARNING
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Healthcare Simulation
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Healthcare Simulation Dictionary

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1 ST E DI T ION , June 2016 A project of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare

Associate Editors Lopreiato, J. O. (Ed.), Downing, D.,

Terminology & Concepts Working Group

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 2

Joseph O. Lopreiato MD, MPH

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 3

Etym. ODWHFIURP2OG)UHQFKDVVHVVRU³DVVLVWDQWMXGJHDVVHVVRU  $YLUWXDOREMHFWXVHGWRUHSUHVHQWDSK\VLFDOREMHFW HJDKXPDQ

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 4

See also: ORIENTATION, PREBRIEFING

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 5

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 6

See also: ACTOR, EMBEDDED PARTICIPANT, SIMULATED PATIENT,

*Term that has been identified as potentially controversial.

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 7

Compare: FACILITATOR, SIMULATIONIST

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 8

Etym. discrete DGM PLGF³PRUDOO\GLVFHUQLQJSUXGHQW

Etym. simulation Q QRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Etym. distribute Y HDUO\F³WRGHDORXWRUDSSRUWLRQ´IURP

Etym. simulation Q QRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 9

 $UROHDVVLJQHGLQDVLPXODWLRQHQFRXQWHUWRKHOSJXLGHWKH See also: STATE/STATES

See also: ACTOR, CONFEDERATE, ROLE PLAYER, SIMULATED PATIENT,

Etym. environmental DGM ³HQYLURQLQJVXUURXQGLQJ´IURP

Etym. fidelity Q HDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

See also: FIDELITY, HIGH FIDELITY SIMULATION, PHYSICAL FIDELITY,

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 10

 $QDFWLYLW\ZKHUHLQIRUPDWLRQLVUHOD\HGEDFNWRDOHDUQHU Etym. fidelity Q HDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

See also: ENVIRONMENTAL FIDELITY, FUNCTIONAL FIDELITY, HIGH

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 11

Etym. error Q DOVRWKURXJKFHUURXUF³DGHYLDWLRQIURP

Compare: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

Functional Fidelity?‫ޖ‬Iԥƾ N VKQԥOVKԥQԥO?Iԥ‫ޖ‬GHOԥWƝ?noun

Etym. fidelity Q HDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

See also: FIDELITY, HIGHT FIDELITY SIMULATOR, REALISM

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 12

Compare: ADVOCACY AND INQUIRY, DEBRIEF/DEBRIEFING,

Gynecological / Genitourinary Teaching Associate

Etym. genitourinary DGM RIRUUHODWLQJWRWKHJHQLWDODQGXULQDU\

 $*\QHFRORJLFDO7HDFKLQJ$VVRFLDWH *7$ LVDIHPDOH

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 13

Etym. DGM ³SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHVHQVHRIWRXFK´IURP*UHHN  $WHUPRIWHQXVHGWRUHIHUWRWKHEURDGUDQJHRIIXOOERG\PDQLNLQV

Healthcare Simulation Etym. fidelity Q HDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

Etym. fidelity Q HDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

Etym. simulator Q RISHUVRQVIURP/DWLQVLPXODWRU³D

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 14

Hybrid Simulation ?KƯEUԥG?VLP\XKOH\VKXKQ?noun

Etym. simulation Q QRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Compare: MIXED SIMULATION/MIXED METHODS SIMULATION,

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 15

Definition Etym. standard ³DXWKRULWDWLYHRUUHFRJQL]HGH[HPSODURITXDOLW\

Definition Compare: IN SITU

See also: FIDELITY, IMMERSION, REALISM

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 16

Etym. in situ /DWLQOLWHUDOO\³LQLWV RULJLQDO SODFHRUSRVLWLRQ´ Etym. discipline Q GLUHFWO\IURP/DWLQGLVFLSOLQD³LQVWUXFWLRQ

Compare: IN SILICO • adj::RUNLQJMRLQWO\EXWDGGUHVVLVVXHVIURPWKHLULQGLYLGXDO

See also: MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 17

Etym. professional Q ³RQHZKRGRHVLWIRUDOLYLQJ´IURP

Etym. education Q V³FKLOGUHDULQJ´DOVR³WKHWUDLQLQJRI

Etym. training Q )URPVDV³GLVFLSOLQHDQGLQVWUXFWLRQWR

See also: INTERDISCPLINARY LEARNING

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary 18

Etym. simulation Q QRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Etym. ODWHFIURP2OG)UHQFKDVVHVVRU³DVVLVWDQWMXGJHDVVHVVRU $YLUWXDOREMHFWXVHGWRUHSUHVHQWDSK\VLFDOREMHFWHJDKXPDQ

Etym. discrete DGMPLGF³PRUDOO\GLVFHUQLQJSUXGHQW

Etym. simulation QQRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Etym. distribute YHDUO\F³WRGHDORXWRUDSSRUWLRQ´IURP

Etym. simulation QQRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

$UROHDVVLJQHGLQDVLPXODWLRQHQFRXQWHUWRKHOSJXLGHWKH See also: STATE/STATES

Etym. environmental DGM³HQYLURQLQJVXUURXQGLQJ´IURP

Etym. fidelity QHDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

$QDFWLYLW\ZKHUHLQIRUPDWLRQLVUHOD\HGEDFNWRDOHDUQHU Etym. fidelity QHDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

Etym. error Q DOVRWKURXJKFHUURXUF³DGHYLDWLRQIURP

Functional Fidelity?‫ޖ‬IԥƾNVKQԥOVKԥQԥO?Iԥ‫ޖ‬GHOԥWƝ?noun

Etym. fidelity QHDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

Etym. genitourinary DGMRIRUUHODWLQJWRWKHJHQLWDODQGXULQDU\

$\QHFRORJLFDO7HDFKLQJ$VVRFLDWH7$LVDIHPDOH

Etym. DGM³SHUWDLQLQJWRWKHVHQVHRIWRXFK´IURP*UHHN $WHUPRIWHQXVHGWRUHIHUWRWKHEURDGUDQJHRIIXOOERG\PDQLNLQV

Healthcare Simulation Etym. fidelity QHDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

Etym. fidelity QHDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

Etym. simulator QRISHUVRQVIURP/DWLQVLPXODWRU³D

Hybrid Simulation ?KƯEUԥG?VLP\XKOH\VKXKQ?noun

Etym. simulation QQRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Etym. in situ /DWLQOLWHUDOO\³LQLWVRULJLQDOSODFHRUSRVLWLRQ´ Etym. discipline QGLUHFWO\IURP/DWLQGLVFLSOLQD³LQVWUXFWLRQ

Compare: IN SILICO • adj::RUNLQJMRLQWO\EXWDGGUHVVLVVXHVIURPWKHLULQGLYLGXDO

Etym. professional Q³RQHZKRGRHVLWIRUDOLYLQJ´IURP

Etym. education QV³FKLOGUHDULQJ´DOVR³WKHWUDLQLQJRI

Etym. training Q)URPVDV³GLVFLSOLQHDQGLQVWUXFWLRQWR

Etym. simulation QQRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Etym. live V³KDYLQJOLIH´ODWHUV³EXUQLQJJORZLQJ´

Etym. virtual 7KHPHDQLQJ³EHLQJVRPHWKLQJLQHVVHQFHRUHIIHFW

Etym. constructed HDUO\F³GHULYHGE\LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ´IURP

Manikin-based Simulation ?PDQLNԥQ?EƗVW?VLP\XKOH\

Etym. reality QV³TXDOLW\RIEHLQJUHDO´IURP)UHQFKUpDOLWp Etym. VIURP2OG)UHQFKPRGDOLWpRUGLUHFWO\IURP0HGLHYDO

Etym. simulation QQRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Etym. Monte Carlo fallacy QDPHGIRUUHVRUWLQ0RQDFRIDPRXV Etym. modality. VIURP2OG)UHQFKPRGDOLWpRUGLUHFWO\IURP

Etym. Q )URPWKH)UHQFKFDVWLQJPRXOGLQJ See also: MIXED SIMULATION/MIXED METHODS SIMULATION

Etym. skill Q ODWHF³SRZHURIGLVFHUQPHQW´IURP2OG1RUVHVNLO

Etym. operation QODWHF³DFWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHZRUN´

Etym. specialty Q)URPHDUO\FDVXQXVXDORUH[WUDRUGLQDU\

Etym. VIURP0LGGOH)UHQFKSDUWLFLSDQWIURP/DWLQ Definition

Etym. physical HDUO\F³RIRUSHUWDLQLQJWRPDWHULDOQDWXUH´LQ

Physiologic Modeling ?¿]HHXKORMLN?PRGOLQJ\ noun

7KHWLPHXVHGE\HGXFDWRUVUHVHDUFKHUVIDFLOLWDWRUVRUVWDIIWR Etym. simulation QQRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Prepackaged / Preprogrammed Scenario ?SUHHSDN Compare: PROCEDURAL SIMULATION

Etym. scenario Q³VNHWFKRIWKHSORWRIDSOD\´IURP,WDOLDQ

Etym. simulation Q QRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Etym. psychology Q V³VWXG\RIWKHVRXO´IURP0RGHUQ/DWLQ

Etym. fidelity QHDUO\F³IDLWKIXOQHVVGHYRWLRQ´IURP0LGGOH

Psychological Safety ?VDK\NXKORMLNXKO?VH\IWHH?noun

Etym. safety QHDUO\FIURP2OG)UHQFKVDXYHWH³VDIHW\

Reflective Thinking ?ULÀHNWLY?WKLQJNLQJ?noun

7KHVFULSWVVWRULHVRUDOJRULWKPVFUHDWHGIRULQVWUXFWLQJWKH Scribe / Scribing ?‫ޖ‬VNUƯE? noun / verb \’skribiNG\

Serious Games ?VHHUHHXKV?JH\P]?noun $IUDPHZRUNZKHUHE\DQLQGLYLGXDOWHDPPHPEHUGHYHORSV

Etym. experience YV³WRWHVWWU\OHDUQE\SUDFWLFDOWULDORU Simulated Person ?VLP\XKOH\WLG?SXUVXKQ?noun

Simulated Patient (SP) ?VLP\XKOH\WLG?SH\VKXKQW?noun

Etym. simulated DGMV³IHLJQHG´SDVWSDUWLFLSOHDGMHFWLYH

Etym. patient Q³VXIIHULQJRUVLFNSHUVRQXQGHUPHGLFDO

• Case-based learningZULWWHQDQGRUDOSUHVHQWDWLRQVXVHGWR Simulation Activity ?VLP\XKOH\VKXKQ?DNWLYLWHH?noun

• Simulation / Scenario-based learning/HDUQHUVLQWHUDFWZLWK

$VLPXODWLRQHQYLURQPHQWRIHTXDODQGPXWXDOUHVSHFWDQG Etym. simulation QQRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI

Etym. environment Q³HQYLURQLQJVXUURXQGLQJ´(FRORJLFDO

Etym. simulation QQRXQRIDFWLRQIURPSDVWSDUWLFLSOHVWHPRI Definition