~ )I jY 'i~1 <,?\ ~~I i r)1 J I)_fr",! t 0~lSJI) 0WJI W ~l.J>. 0~ o<L:,j ~I)..G I".. ~ t ~) ,t}.:JI -» II JL.::z;'J'1 ):.L.a.,. ..l>-I I.y;\ ~ ~ if .~~I i r)l J~I ~)Ij if ~lSJI
A. Rock art of phase 1.A composition of human figures depicted with detailed physkal features. from Jubbah - nortb of Saudi Arabia. Three phases could be m:ognized.
B. Large ox from Jubbah depicted in low relief typical representation of phase I.
/
Plate 2
.Jl~ ~ -,.pi) ~J ~ ~~, J~i ~.}J.- : ~'!II ~)I J!' rr') _ i A. Rock art of phase D: A group of human figures in dancing attitude from Hail area.
.o.)~1 .:J" ~\;;II ~)I J!' 'JotS'" .Ju. ,~Iy- J ~, rr'.) - y B. Fully Pecked human and animal figures of phase D from Suwedrah, near Medina aJ-Munawara.
A, Rock Art of phase 2 and 3: Fully pecked ibex figure of phase 2 and outlined caprines of phase 3, from Jubbah, northern Saudi Arabia,
J~ - .!.ly,J - 4_,i\.:;)1 ~ }I oJ' JS' ;:, 01~ ~ J j ..,.J~ ,4;:)\.:;)1 ~ }I ,'-?)l>'- .10 #. .jl~ - ..,., "~I..,.,.f B. An outlined animal of phase 3 superimposed on fully pecked animal figure of phase 2 from Tabuk, northwest Saudi Arabia.
A. Rock art of phase 3 - A composition of various human and animal figures, outlined and schematised, along with other motifs.
B. Another example of a schematic arrangement of various human and animal figures of (phase 3).
Plate 5
._p...p _f\.o ~_, ~jl~ __,.P~_' ,JW-I .;.,\.o~ «r__""Ji - i A. "Wusum" camel brand and a circular motif on goat body.
B. Various motif and outlined animal figures.
Plate 6
]A Jo.I:-I jN ~J ~1r.""J ;."..~\ JI.>:;.~ 4:-jb'-.kP y o},~ ,~I)I ~).,.jl ~ 4;~ ~J-") - \ . 0.rill 4.a ~ J-"} 4:.iJA:l I 0 _;.,I. I A. Rock art of phase 4 - Outlined human and animal figures and the appearance of camel are the typical features of this phase.
A. An example of Proto-Bedouin (pictograpbic cum ideognlpbic, writing system from aJ.UIa. nortbwest Saudi Anlbia.
B. Anotber example of proto - Bedouin writing system. Note the use of "uman &: camel figures in tile inscription.
Plate 10
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'~J!JoIIi' .;i-. ~Is J ~...,. JtS::.;.i ~I~I f ~ <~~I rlJi.:r 4J1i:i~1 ~.rJI JI:.o - I A. An elIlIIIIpIeoftrusitioaal period of 'WIitiogsystem in wbicb more geometrical and DOD representatiOnal sigos are used.
- ~~ - ~~ .;i- .:JII."'» J <~ ~ .:JII.~ Jl ~.).,-II 4,,0.) '11 JtS::.;.~1 J_,-I .1'" JI:.o - -..,J .4Sl.1.1 -..,J ~ J~ B. ~ elIlIIIIpIeof tile dIaoge fioall_ stick ligures to simple geometrical and DOD representational
sips.. Fro. T~. NW Saudi Arabia. An eumpIe of developing stage of cursive form of writing.
Plate 11
\ \ 4_"..)
IIJ A. An early form of Bedouin (Thamudic) inscription located near Bisha, South Arabia. Note the crude
form of various alphabetic signs such as " "and" A".
II J! II
B. Another example of Bedouin (Thamudic) inscriptiuon from Bisha. Note the development of the tree like form" t" into" t .. thus suggesting the evolution and develpment of letters within the internal structure.
Plate 12
.~I,_,;.f J~ -<L."i \I~~;I) ~~\,ll ~~ o~~} p ~ ~_I
A. Crude form of an early stage of Bedouin (Thamudic) inscription from Tayma. northwest of Saudi Arabia.
jlJ- - "-$~;" ~~'" ~;;..iJ o)_,l=;.. ~ r -..,., B. Developing stage of Bedouin (Thamudic) inscription from ~ajran area.
Plate 13
·.J'r - ~ J!! - (I$~'; ._;.A;) ~~\,J' ~l&J "0 ~ ~.J'" _ i A. An early stage of Bedouin (Tbamudic inscription) from Bir Himma, Najran •
. ;';\;f - ~ J!! 'I$~'; .;.aJ r' J~ - ._,J B. Another eXlUllple of Bedouin (Tbamudic) inscription in its early developing stage, Bir Himma,Najran ares.
Plate 14
\ i :\..> _,J
.~I yy. _~ ~~;.._r..Q.;J JI:.. _I
A. An example of a small Tbamudic inscription from Soutb of Saudi Arabia .
B. Anotber Tbamudic inscription from Najran, soutbern region. Note the use of buman stick figures in tbe above inscription.
Plate 15
A. Thamudic alphabetic signs from Sakaka, north of Saudi Arabia. Note the signs" X " or A and " rf" or Q are repeated.
B. An Example of a Thamudic inscription. Note the use of human stick figure and its simplified forms such as : '( ,,", J. ;t, q
Plate 16
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.)1)- _ \2- P' ,~~ J,:o:- 'J=Al1 <~ .) Y ""')\.:::0;.1 ~')\:) :~ 11;;"~l,JI)) ;;,,~ ~I )_,k;) 0\';..:) J:l~ - i A. An evidence of the local evolution and development of Thamudic (Bedouin) inscription. Note the lightly patinated developed form and an earlier darkly painated crude form of the inscription located on Jebel al Kaukab, Bir Hima, Najran area.
B. Lightly patinated Musned Janubi (left) and earlier depicted Thamudic (Bedouin) inseriptions located on Jebel Kaukah, Bir Hima, Najran ares.
Plate 17
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. ..;-oJ I ~ l..:S I)) »'1 ,I) I ~ .:r (4$)J.i.) 4$:';' .I" T) -J.P- .l:-o .;.;.; _ I A. Musnad Janubi and Thamudic (Bedouin) Inscriptions from Najran. Note the difference in patina .
. I)I~ - ~ ):!'. i4$)J.i.)) 4$:';' .;.;.; ~ ..,..iu.:.. -J.P- ..1.:....0 .;.;.; - Y B. Musned al-Janubi superimposed on earlier Thamudic (Bedouin) inscriptions. Bir Hima, Najran area.
Plate 18
A. A large Thamudic (Bedouin) Inscription .
. :.JI_i. - u- ft! ,JI~ Jo-li .L.:.&. :.J j '(.:f-~'1 JA-JI • }-I) oJ.?, ..1.;.....0 ~ - ..,., B. Musned al-Janubi (ri~ht lower corner) and darkly patinated almost fading earlier Thamudic (Bedouin) inscriptions located at Bir Hima, Najran area.
Proto - Bedouin signs which are identical to the Bedouin (Thamudic) alophabets:
~JAlI ~.)l,ll (,=,.)A '='JJJ. -J . .f' ':? _r.6:.; I
Proto-Bedouin Bedouin (Thamudic) Arabic Eng.
X X $ a
\
r t l..Y 4
+ + c.:..> i
0 0 t: a'n
r1 r( _D k
r 'r c Iv
\ \ () n
\ 1 J t
rl, ~ -c ha
) ( (_J /y
.
b ~ UP Kia
6 0 ~ J
'l 1\ (_...) &
.
/, h !iV Aa
.. (J
t {_ ~
~ Jiv
o-
t ---ft+. _p La
7- . c/Jz(k
:r- _) '"ti ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ '!: ;r J:
~\ ~ l' i' t 1;
~ ~ ~ 4' ~ ~
~ .... r ~ ~ ~
1
~ ~ ~ .r' ~ ~-(
"\., ir#
~ ~ 1: X ~ /0'
~
r r '1 f* l1 * '*
~ ~ ~ ): 't ~
;: ~ ~ 'F cp I
,t ~ -t ;l i 1:
.t- ~ T !it ~ 1=
.
J 't X * .h* ~ h
b * A * +* "Y* o * [-] *
~ * n* ~/* T* p* l * .('''''~~III ...,~U\ ,jJ)- ~u... 'l,J~ -' \.J, )\..;.; .;ll) U~J-"y\') ~.ull ...,~l,JI .:..>\.o'U Proto - Bedouin "Word Signs". Signs indicated by * are almost identical to the Bedouin or "Thamudic" alphabets
Plate 22
,:?*I .,I_,.JI.,..,r.rl1 .sy I$'t.,.... .)L;- I$~ _Ji >.$j-;
..iJ;>JJ .;.tS:J1
Eng. Arabic Hebrew Sabaen Lihyanite Thamudie Safaitie
(Bedouin)
a, , K n f7 1"1 <'I~ A(; Tl 1'1 ::F X X i l Xr\Xl)
h '-:' :l n nn n n J ) )(CJcuf\
1 E l 1 -, Ll 0 A n 0 0
~ ., ~ tJ ~ to) ~ cJ q -I ~~~}~~
cfIvp ~ .''''
l ., t=t ttl W \'f'V' r r r , H' j .J. .,( \-
!uN ... rr Y'r' '>~~~ y ), y ,t_ 'r' II, Y J. ) r ,~ k
uJ' J , Q> (D$W (DO CH10lflGffi0 (tJ i-) 0 0 e e
JfP J t X H l-t T 1 T
k c n tp\f' 11\, t.\ 1;\ (}) m ) 3 7 \V 'r 'i' A\'VrnIJ)3E~
flv . ti 4\('( ~ x A ~A X X ~
C
Uv .J, ~ m m tlt IH Tn m :3 III IN til II/
~ ,J; e f{ ~ .n u u n unu
"/fo IS " Y f If ? ~ 1 ,. fJ,7,rJll
Iv A '" n f76v ,. I I~ h r( 'I rl rI J 'J 'C .) ) ( )
-
t , .. ) ( ) I I
J =' 1 1 7 '} 1 -, L ~ j 7 ~ ,1 I
m r ),) ~ ~D ~ D ~Dn ~ :15) c:) C--~l ,=, ~,," @ ~CJ~D~lH
I'll ~ ) 1 '1 < < ~ ) > 3 ~ I J I •
,l.- V'" 0 n nrl\7 w,', ,II --c ~J Ii' n 1\ \/ < ::r
. ArP t ~ 0 o o o . ..' .... ~ .:. 0 0 A.
~ t » 11 'tl'\1'V-o J 1 J X ... ' I /
< >~ E j
~ !) 00 o o o n _n. n .r l 3 ( ~ 1"1, i ~
~ v" ~ 'Yl~~ ~~~~ X.?~XltQ(_( :1 t. t' 'j ~,1
d/r; ~ s 8 IIIUO{ h ~ t;1- 'l) " It f-:l t-t
a ~ i' ~ ~ ~ <} ~ t
A.. oJ i ) > ) ) ) ( ) ( > ( ) C
,1Jv 'e' 3 ~ ~ls}vJ1 ,
A ~
V'" x ~t
icv ~ .n X X x +
tJvv (;J n g f f f Z X l. j , j Comparative chart of Ancient Arabian Scripts.