NOHARA, JAYSON D.

MT3-1 –PARASITOLOGY REVIEWER— Part 1

HOOKWORMS
Ascaris Toxocara canis Trichuris Necator Ancylostoma Ancylostoma Ancylostoma Ancylostoma
lumbricoides & Toxocara cati trichiura americanus duodenale braziliense caninum ceylanicum
Giant Intestinal Dog Ascaris & New world Old World
Common Name Whipworm Cat Hookworm Dog Hookworm
Roundworm Cat Ascaris Hookworm Hookworm
Necatoriasis, Cutaneous Larva Cutaneous Larva
Toxocariasis or
Human Uncinariasis, Ancylostomiasis, Migrans or Migrans or Intestinal
Disease Visceral Larva Trichuriasis
Ascariasis Tropical Anemia, Miner’s Anemia Creeping Creeping Infection
Migrans
“Laziness” Eruption Eruption
Male: A pair of large
15-30 cm by Pair of semi- teeth
Two pairs of Three pairs of
3mm Colored or Teeth lunar cutting A pair of
ventral teeth ventral teeth
Two Copulatory Pinkish plate inconspicuous
Spicule median teeth
Convuluted Tail Anterior is
attenuated Copulatory Longer than
Short and broad Broad as long
Female: whiplike bursa broad
Smallest
20-45 cm by Posterior end is
Morphology hookworm
5mm Robust
Long slender Simple, long species
Bifurcated Dorsal Rays Long moderately
(bidigitate) form bristle like Short lateral rays
3.5-5 cm (F) slender
delicate barb (tridigitate)
Trilobate lips 3-4.5 cm (M)

Striated cuticle Esophagus –

Copulatory
with longitudinal Stichosoma 1 2
Spicule
white lateral
lines
Fertilized Egg- Rhabditiform (1st Stage Larvae)
broad ovoid, 28-48 hours; Short, stout with a long narrow buccal chamber and a flask-shaped muscular or
golden brown in Lemon shape, bulbous esophagus – Non-infective Feeding Stage
color barrel shape, Larvae
football shape of Filariform (3rd Stage Larvae)
3 Layers: Japanese lantern 5-8 Days; Pointed posterior end, mouth closes, the esophagus elongates, and has a protective
a. Vitelline sheath as covering – Non-feeding Infective Stage
Membrane Bipolar Plugs
b. Glycogen (Unsegmented
Layer stage)
Ova
c. Albuminous
Layer 50-54 by 22-23
microns
Unfertilized Egg- Oviodal, thin-shelled and colorless, measures 56-60 by 24-40 microns, unsegmented, 2-8 Cell
Egg
larger, longer, Yellowish stages of cell division
elongated (Outer)
Transparent
Vitelline (Inner)
membrane N/A
Decorticated
NOHARA, JAYSON D. MT3-1 –PARASITOLOGY REVIEWER— Part 1
Glyco only

Corticated
Glyco and Albu

Adult in SI – Eggs Adult in SI – Eggs

Adult in Caecum
in feces – in feces –
– Eggs in feces –
Embryonation Embryonation
Embryonation Adult in SI – Eggs in feces – Eggs liberate Rhabditiform larvae 1-2 days – Transform into
(Soil) 1-2 wks. – (Soil) – Ingested
Life Cycle (Soil) 2-3 wks. – Filariform larvae in 5-8 days – Filariform penetrate skin of man – Blood circulation – Heart lung
Ingested by man by dog or cat –
Ingested by man Migration – Swallowed – Esophagus – SI
– SI – Heart lung SI – Heart lung
– SI – Wall of the
Migration – Migration –
Caecum
Swallowed – SI Swallowed – SI
D- 2 and half
Development months D- 30-90 days
and Life Span LS- 12 to 18 LS- 4-6 yrs.
months
Unembroynated
Diagnostic Stage Eggs on stool Eggs on stool
Egg
Embryonated Embryonated Embryonated
Infective Stage Filariform Larvae
Ova egg w/ larvae Ova
Lumen of the Wall of the
Habitat Small Intestine Small Intestine
Small Intestine Caecum
Ascaris Hemorrhage, Larvae: Adult:
Rectal Prolapse
Pneumonitis/ necrosis and Ground itch or Dew Itch Hookworm Anemia (Mircocytic Hypochromic
Pathology Hypochromic
Loeffler’s granuloma Pulmonary Lesion (Wakana Disease) Anemia)
Anemia
Syndrome Inc. WBC ct. Creeping Eruption or Cutaneous Larva Migrans Hypoalbuminemia
DFS, katho-thick, DFS, katho-thick,
kato-katz, kato-katz, Harada Mori (Eggs)
Diagnosis
Formalin-Ether Formalin-Ether Skin Biopsy / Freezing of the Skin (Creeping Eruption)
Conc. Tech Conc. Tech
Albendazole, Albendazole,
Levamisole, Mebendazole & Albendazole, Mebendazole (Benzimadole Derivatives – Blocks the uptake of glucose) &
Treatment Mebendazole & Thiabendazole Pyrantel Flubendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate Thiabendazole
Pamoate (Paralyze)
Kills:
Direct Sunlight
15 hours High Temp. – N. americanus
Epidemiology
40C Above Low Temp. – A. duodenale
Reservoir Host:
Pig (A. suum)
NOHARA, JAYSON D. MT3-1 –PARASITOLOGY REVIEWER— Part 1