PORT ENGINEERING ‘how Lin and Hans F. Burchasth Contents 1 PLANNING AND LAYOUT OF PORTS la 12 13 4 Ls 16 7 Components of a port Ships 1.2.1 Definition of ship dimension... 6. - 1.22. Size of ships . 1.2.9. Wind arca of ships 1.24. ‘Types of ship movement 1.2.5 Operation of ships inside harbour . . . . Operation conditions of harbours 5 13.1 Water depth... 2.0: cs eeeee eer eee 1.32 Wind. 1.3.3 Waves . 134 Currents 1.3.5 Visibility . 136 ie 1.3.7 Availability of berth Design of harbour basin 141 Entrance 14.2 Stopping distance 14.3. Turning area 144 Anchorage area 1.4.5 Berthing area. Design of navigation channel . . Sediment transport and dredging Breakwaters 1.7.1 ‘Types and principles of breakwaters 1.7.2 Layout of breakwaters an nae 10 -u 12 2 13 M4 15 18 16 16 7 17 7 7 7 18 19 20 a . a 21 PLANNING AND LAYOUT OF PORTS 1.1 Components of a port A port is composed optionally the following components, cf. Figs.1 and 2. 1) Breakwater : A rubble mound or vertical structure to protect the harbour from wave attacks. 2) Harbour : A protected water area which provides safe and suitable accommo- dation for ships to transfer cargo and passenger, to be refueled and repaired. A harbour includes Entrance, Navigation channel. ‘Turing area: A place where ships can turn. Anchorage area :A place where ships wait for their turn at berth or for ‘more favorable weather conditions. Berthing area: A place where ships berth for loading and unloading ‘operations. 3) Berth structure and land area. Berth structure : A structure built to berth ships for loading and un- loading operations. It includes mooring equipments such as fenders and bollards. Apron ‘An area between the berth line and the yard for load- ing and unloading of cargo, Yard ‘A storage area where cargo are sorted and stored tem- porarly. Berth structures can be divided into: Quay or wharf: A berth structure which is parallel to the shore. Jetty or pier : A berth structure which projects into the water from the shore. Dolphin A berth structure isolated on open sea for mooring and berthing the ship. 4) Outside harbour: Navigation channel, anchorage area, dolphin and shore pro- tection.Fig.1. Layout of the Port of Bilbao, Spain. Port. Han Berth structure, perth |, Apron Yard, “Nnerth tine Fig.2. Definitions of port components.