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Effective Length for Slenderness (KL) is used to calculate critical stresses.

The effective column length LE= KL for un-braced column/beam, in place of the actual column
length. The effective length factor K can be derived by performing a buckling analysis of the
particular structure to determine the critical stress. The pinned-end column with an equivalent
length which gives the same critical stress establishes the K-factor. This is generally for major
axis for this particular structure.

Effective length for lateral-torsional buckling (LBT) is used to calculate lateral torsional
buckling.

LBT values: Lbyy and Lbzz, represent the distance between points which brace the member
against Flexural (column-type) Buckling about the member's local y and z axes,
respectively. Lb bracing prevents the entire member from moving laterally (perpendicular to its
own axis). These Lb values are used to calculate slenderness ratios (KL/r) for both directions,
which are used in the calculation of member axial compression capacity.

As per BS 5950, Cl.4.3.5.2 Simple beams with intermediate lateral restraints

The effective length LE for lateral-torsional buckling of a simple beam with intermediate lateral
restraints should be taken as 1.0LLT for normal loading conditions, where LLT is the length of the
relevant segment between adjacent lateral restraints. This is generally for minor axis for this
particular structure.

1. Staircase (near Grid D-1) need to be considered in the drawings and SAP model as well.
2. Please provide us SAP input file (Soft copy) for Engineer's review.
3. To clearly mentioned information and reference of other disciplines design drawings
number, date and revision.