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Suppose, we have to make a table of 50m2 area with its length twice as its breadth then,
Therefore, x.2x = 50
Thus the length of that table will be = 2x = 10m and breadth will be 5m.
EXERCISE – 4.1
Q.1 Rahul and Nikhil together have 50 chocolates. Both of them lost 5 chocolates each
and the product of number of chocolates they have now is 300.Find how many
chocolates they actually had?
Sol.
Let, x be the number of chocolates Rahul had Then, the total number of chocolates Nikhil
had = (50 – x) chocolates.
After loosing 5 chocolates Rahul had (x – 5) chocolates and Nikhil had (50 – x –
5) chocolates.
(x – 5) (45 – x) = 300
x2 – 50x + 525 = 0
Sol.
x2 + 49 – 14x + 4 = 2x – 9
x2 – 16x + 62=0
Sol.
x2 – 7x + 3 = x2 – 36
7x – 33 = 0
Sol.
x3 – 8 – 6x2+12x = 0.
Degree of this polynomial equation is 3,
Q.5 Rahul’s father is 27 years older than him. 3 years from now the product of their
ages will be 1224. We would like to find Rohan’s present age.
Sol.
Q.6 There is a rectangular park of area 860m 2. The length (meters) of the park is three
more than twice its breadth (meters). Form a quadratic equation to solve this problem.
Sol.
x = 3 + 2y ……… (1)
And
(3 + 2y) y = 860
2y2 + 3y = 860
2y2 + 3y – 860 = 0 where y = breadth (in meters)
Q.7 A train is covering a distance of 540 km from one city to another city at a uniform
speed. If the speed of train had been reduced by 6 km/h, then to cover the same distance
the train would have taken 1 hour more. Form a quadratic equation of this situation.
Sol.
Therefore,
When speed is reduced by 6km/h then time taken to cover the same distance = 540x−6hours
Now, according to given condition:
540x−6−540x=1
540x – 540 ( x – 6 ) = x ( x – 6 )
Exercise 4.2
x2−(3–√+2–√)x+6–√ = 0
Sol.
x2−3–√x−2–√x+6–√=0
x(x−3–√)−2–√(x−3–√)=0
(x−3–√)(x−2–√)=0
10x2−73–√x+3=0
Sol.
10x2−73–√x+3=0
x2−73√x10+310=0
x2−(3√2+3√5)x+310=0
x2−3√2x−3√5x+310=0
x(x−3√2)−3√5(x−3√2)=0
(x−3√2)(x−3√5)=0
400x2 – 40x + 1 = 0
Sol.
Therefore, x2−110x+1400=0
x2−110x+1400=0
x2−(120+120)x+1400=0
x2−120x−120x+1400=0
x(x−120)−120(x−120)
(x−120)(x−120)
x2– 16x + 63 = 0
Sol.
x2– 9x-7x + 63 = 0
x(x – 9) – 7( x – 9 ) = 0
(x -9) ( x – 7 ) = 0
Therefore, x = 9 or x = 7
3–√x2+7x+23–√=0
Sol.
3–√x2+7x+23–√=0
x2+73√x+2=0
x2+63√x+13√x+2=0
x(x+63√)+13√(x+23–√)=0
(x+13√)(x+23–√)=0
Sol.
And,
x + y = 25 ……………………………. (2)
x(25 – x) = 144
(or)
x2 – 25x + 144= 0
x2 – 16x – 9x + 144= 0
Therefore, x = 16 or x = 9
So, if first number (x) is 16 then second number (y) will be (25 -16) = 9
(or)
Q7. Sum of square of two consecutive positive integers is 481, find the numbers.
Sol.
x2 + (x + 1)2 = 481
x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 = 481
2x2 + 2x – 480 = 0
x2 + x – 240 = 0
x2 + (16 – 15) x – 240 = 0
(x – 15) (x + 16) = 0
Therefore,
x= 15 (or) x= -16
Q.8 The base of a right angled triangle is 3cm more than its altitude. If the hypotenuse
is 15cm. Find the length of its base and altitude.
Sol.
Therefore base = (x + 3) cm
x2 + x2 +6x + 9 = 225
2x2 + 6x – 216 = 0
x2 + 3x – 108 = 0
x2 + 3x – 108 = 0
x2 + 12x – 9x – 108 = 0
(x + 12) (x – 9) = 0
i.e x2 – 4x – 8 = 0 or x2 – 4x = 8
Our main target is to convert x2 – 4x in form (x – a)2 which is equal to x2 – 2ax + a2.
So, we will try to break the middle term in such a way, that 4x can be written in form of 2ax.
Therefore, if we will add 22 on both LHS and RHS, we get the following equation:-
x2 – 2(2x) + 22 = 8 +22
(or), (x – 2)2 = 12
(x – 2)2 = 12−−√
(x – 2)2 – (12−−√)2= 0
Since, a2−b2=(a+b)(a–b)
Therefore, (x−2−12−−√) (x−2+12−−√)
x=2+12−−√ or x=2−12−−√
This is how we find roots of a given equation by method of completing the square.
Exercise – 4.3
Q.1 Find the roots of the equation 25x2 + 20x – 13 = 0 by method of completing the square.
Sol.
(5x)2 + 20x = 13
(5x+2)2 – 17 = 0
Therefore(5x+2)2−(17−−√)2=0
(5x+2+17−−√) (5x+2−17−−√)=0
Therefore x=−2+17√5 or x=−2+17√5
Q.2 Find the roots of the equation 9x2 + 12x – 5 = 0 by method of completing the square.
Sol.
9x2 + 12x = 5
(3x)2 + 2(3x.2) = 5
(3x)2 + 2(3x.2) + 22 = 5 + 22
(3x+2)2 = 9
(3x+2)2 – 32 = 0
(3x + 2 + 3) (3x + 2 – 3) = 0
(3x + 5) (3x – 1) = 0
Q.3 Find the roots of the equation 3x2 – 16x + 5 = 0 by method of completing the square.
Sol.
To solve the above equation either divide the entire equation by 3 to make 3x2 a perfect
square but it will be much easier to solve the equation if we multiply the above equation by
3 to make 3x2 a perfect square.
(3x – 8)2 – 49 = 0
(3x-8)2 – 72 = 0
(3x-8+7)(3x-8-7)=0
(3x-1)(3x-15)=0
Q.4 Find the roots of the equation 2x2 + x – 4 = 0 by method of completing the square.
Sol.
Now, for making 2x2 a perfect square, multiplying the above equation by 2
Therefore,
4x2 + 2x = 8
Now,
(2x)2+2(2x.12)=8
(2x)2+2(2x.12)+14=8+14
(2x+12)2−(334−−√)2=0
(2x+12+33√2)(2x+12−33√2)=0
Nature of roots:
The term (b2 – 4ac) is known as discriminant and it determines the nature of roots of the
quadratic equation.
If b2 – 4ac > 0, then the equation will have two distant real roots.
If b2 – 4ac = 0, then the equation will have two equal real roots.
Exercise 4.4
x+1x=5, with x ≠ 0.
Sol.
x2 – 5x + 1 = 0
7x2 – 21x + 3 = 0
7x2 + x + 2 = 0
Sol.
D = 12 – 4(7×2)
Therefore D = -55
Q.4 Find the values of k in the following quadratic equation so that they have two equal
real roots 3x2 + kx + 5 = 0
Sol.
Given, 3x2 + kx + 5 = 0
Here a = 3, b = k and c = 5
Now, If b2 – 4ac = 0, then we will get two equal real roots.
Therefore,
k2 – 4×3×5 = 0
k2 = 60
Q.5 Find the values of k in the following quadratic equation so that they have two equal
real roots.
kx(x – 9) + 3 = 0
Sol.
kx2 – 9kx +3 = 0
Therefore,
(-9k)2 – 4(k×3) = 0
81k2 – 12k = 0
(or)
k(81k – 12) = 0
Q.6 Find the nature of roots of the following quadratic equation, if real roots exist, Find
them.
2x2 + x – 4 = 0
Sol.
Here a = 2, b = 1 and c = – 4
Since,
D = b2 – 4ac
Therefore,
D= 12 – 4(- 4 × 2)
D= 1 + 32
Therefore, D= 33
Since, D > o. The given quadratic equation will have real roots.
x=−(1)+(1)2−4(2×−4)√2×2 and
x=−(1)−(1)2−4(2×−4)√2×2
x=−1+1+32√4 and x=−1−1+32√4
x=−1+33√4 and x=−1−33√4
Q.7 Deepak’s father is 27 years older than him. 3 years from now the product of their
ages will be 1224. Find the present age of Deepak.
Sol.
Q.8 There is a rectangular park of area 860m 2. The length (meters) of the park is three
more than twice its breadth (meters). Find the length and breadth of this rectangular
park.
Sol.
x = 3 + 2y ……… (1)
And
(3 + 2y) y = 860
2y2 + 3y = 860
Q.9 A train is covering a distance of 540km from one city to another city at a uniform
speed. If the speed of train had been reduced by 6km/h, then to cover the same distance
the train would have taken 1hour more. Find the uniform speed of train.
Sol.
Therefore,
When speed is reduced to 6km/h then time taken to cover the same distance = 540x−6 hrs
Now, according to given condition:
540x−6−540x=1
540x – 540 ( x – 6 ) = x ( x – 6 )
Sol.
y = 5 + 3x…………………. (1)
And
x(3x + 5) = 750
3x2 + 5x – 750 = 0
Q.11 Find two consecutive even positive integers, whose product is 168.
Sol.
x(x + 2) = 168
(or) x2 + 2x -168 = 0
Q.12 Find two consecutive even positive integers, sum of whose squares is 100.
Sol.
x2 + (x+2)2 = 100
x2 + x2 + 4 + 4x = 100
2x2 + 4x – 96 = 0
x2 + 2x – 48 = 0
Sol.
Since time=distancespeed
Therefore time taken by motorboat to go upstream = 3521−xhours
And time taken by motorboat to go downstream = 3521+xhours
Now, according to the given condition:
3521−x−3521+x=10560
35(21+x−21+x212−x2)=74
2x441−x2=74×35
40x=441−x2
x2+40x−441=0
Now, from the above quadratic equation:- a = 1, b = 40 and c = -441
Q.14 If the difference in the parameter of two squares is 32m and sum of the areas of
both squares is 544m2. Find the sides of both the squares.
Sol.
Let x be the side of 1st square and y be the side of 2nd square.
4x – 4y = 32
And
(8 – y)2 + y2 = 544
y2 + 64 – 16y + y2 = 544
Or, y2 – 8y – 240 = 0
150x – 150x+15= 97
150(x+15−x)x(x+15)=97
150×15×7=9(x2+15x)
50×5×7=x2+15x
Therefore x2+15x−1750=0
Q.16 Two water taps with different diameters are used to fill a particular tank, both the
taps together can fill a tank in 245hours.
However, if they are operated separately, tap with larger diameter can fill the tank 4
hours early as compared to the tap with smaller diameter. Find the time in which each
tap can separately fill the tank.
Sol.
Let, x hours be the time taken by the tap with smaller diameter to fill a tank separately.
Therefore in 1hour both the taps can fill 524 part of the tank.
Now, according to the given condition:
5x2−68x+96=0
When x = 1.6, It doesn’t satisfy the given conditions, therefore neglecting x = 1.6
Therefore the time taken by the tap with smaller diameter to fill the tank separately = x
= 12 hours
And the time taken by the tap with larger diameter to fill the tank separately = (x – 4)
= 8 hours
Q.17 There is a requirement of a rectangular park of area 575m2 and perimeter 100m.
Check whether it’s possible or not? If possible then find length and breadth of that
park.
Sol.
2(x + y) = 100
(or)
x + y = 50 ……………………… (1)
And
y2 -50y +575=0
Since, D=b2−4(ac)
Therefore, D=32−4(1×−108)
Therefore D=441
Since, D≥0, Therefore the above quadratic equation will have real roots and hence the
given situation is practically possible.
Now, from the quadratic formulae:
Since, D≥0 Therefore The above quadratic will have real roots and hence it is possible to
design a park with given conditions.
Now,
Q.18 There is a circular park with diameter equal to 15m having two gates one for entry
and other for exit fixed at diametrically opposite ends. A plant has to be planted on the
boundary of a circular park in such a way that the difference of its distance from two
opposite fixed gates P and Q from boundary is 3 metres.
And if it is possible to do so, then find the distance of plant from both the gates P and Q.
Sol.
Let P be the location of the plant, A and C represents the location of gates of the park.
PC – AP = 3
PC = 3 + AP
=3+x
152 = x2 + (x + 3)2
225 = x2+x2+9+6x
2x2 + 6x – 216 = 0
(or) x2 + 3x – 108 = 0
Since,D=b2−4(ac)
Therefore D=32−4(1×−108)
Therefore D=441
Since, D≥0, Therefore the above quadratic equation will have real roots and hence the
given situation is practically possible.
Now, from the quadratic formulae:
Q.19 Find the value of k, if one root of the quadratic equation k2x2 – 21x + k + 9 = 0 is 1.
Sol.
k+9k2=21−k2k2
Therefore k2+k−12=0
Sol.
Since, D = b2 – 4ac
Q.21 If the ratio of roots of quadratic equation kx2 + 18x + 15 = 0 is 1:5. Find the
possible values of k.
Sol.
(−3k)2=3k
Therefore, k = 2
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2 Comments
1. sony
March 30, 2018
thanx u
Reply
2. Anouska Kashyap
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