The systems of force and moment components.

The broad arrows represent forces used in

elementary work; the line arrows, the system in control and stability studies. The moments
are common to

both systems

The relation between these components is shown in Fig. 1.8. In each case the arrow

shows the direction of the positive force or moment. All three forces are mutually

perpendicular, and each moment acts about the line of one of the forces.

The system of forces and moments described above