PLEASE

INDICATE YOUR LECTURE SECTION: C01 Dr. Bakr ____________

C02 Dr. Smith ____________

NAME: ________________________________________ STUDENT NO: __________________

ELEC ENG 2CI5 MID-TERM TEST #2 SOLUTION
November 10, 2017

This test is 50 minutes long and is closed book. Please answer all three questions in the
space provided. Please use the back of the pages if necessary. Only the McMaster Standard
Calculator is permitted.
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Q1 Q2 Q3 Total


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Q1. Find and sketch the Norton equivalent to the circuit shown below at terminals A-B.










Answer: [5 marks]

Since we have a dependent source and no independent sources, we need to apply an
external source to find 𝑅!" . Assuming we apply a current source of value i going
from terminal B to terminal A, we get the following node equations (noting 𝑉! = 𝑉! )

1 1 1
+ 𝑉! − 𝑉 = 𝑖
2 kΩ 4 kΩ 4 kΩ !

1 1 1 1 1
− 𝑉! + + 𝑉! − + 𝑉 = 0
4 kΩ 2 kΩ 4 kΩ 2000 2 kΩ !

1 1 1
− 𝑉! + + 𝑉 = −𝑖
2 kΩ 1 kΩ 2 kΩ !

where 𝑉! is the voltage at the node above the dependent current source.

Using the first and third equations to eliminate 𝑉! ,

1 1
+ 𝑉! − 𝑉! = 3𝑖
1 kΩ 2 kΩ

Therefore the Norton equivalent circuit is a resistor of value

𝑉! − 𝑉! 3
𝑅!" = = = 2 kΩ
𝑖 1 1
1 kΩ + 2 kΩ

Note that, since there are no indipendent sources in the circuit above, 𝐼!" = 0.

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Q2. Find the maximum power that can be transferred to 𝑅! in the following circuit.










Answer: [5 marks]

We will first find the Thevenin equivalent circuit. Since the circuit contains
dependent and independent sources, we must find the open-circuit voltage and the
short-circuit current.

Open-circuit voltage: Combining the two Short-circuit current: Combining the two
current sources, current sources,
2 kΩ 𝑖! 𝑉!
𝑖! = 1 mA + 𝑉! = 1 mA + ×1 kΩ = 2 V
2000 2000
−6 kΩ 𝑖! + 10 kΩ 𝑖! = 0 and the total current from the sources is
2V
𝑖!"! = 1 mA + = 2 mA
Combining, 2000
𝑖! = 2.5 mA
𝑖! = 1.5 mA By current division
4𝑘 𝑖! − 2 mA + 2𝑘𝑖! = 0
Therefore, 2𝑘 𝑖! − 2 mA + 2𝑘𝑖! = 0
𝑣!" = 2 kΩ 𝑖! − 𝑖! − 2 kΩ 𝑖! = 1 V or
4
𝑖! = mA 𝑖! = 1 mA
3
Therefore,
1
𝑖!" = 𝑖! − 𝑖! = mA
3

Therefore,
𝑣!"
𝑅!" = = 3 kΩ
𝑖!"

The maximum power transferred to the load is

! !
𝑣!" 𝑣!" 1 1
𝑃! = = = = mW = 83 µW
4𝑅!" 4𝑅!" 4×3×10!! 12

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Q3. Find and sketch 𝑖! 𝑡 for 𝑡 > 0 in the network below using the step-by-step method.










Answer: [5 marks]

Prior to switch closure, the equivalent resistance to the left of the voltage source is
4 kΩ. The voltage across the capacitor is
2 kΩ
𝑣! 𝑡 = 0! = × 12 V = 4 V
4 kΩ + 2 kΩ
and the voltage at the node to the right of the capacitor will be zero.

After the switch closure, the equivalent resistance to the left of the voltage source is
2 kΩ. The voltage across the capacitor as 𝑡 → ∞ becomes
2 kΩ
𝑣! 𝑡 → ∞ = × 12 V = 6 V
2 kΩ + 2 kΩ
and the voltage at the node to the right of the capacitor will be zero.

The equivalent resistance seen by the capacitor after the switch is closed is
1
𝑅 = 2 kΩ + = 3 kΩ ⇒ 𝑅𝐶 = 0.6 s
1 + 1
2 kΩ 2 kΩ

The voltage across the capacitor is therefore
! !
𝑣! 𝑡 > 0 = 𝐾! + 𝐾! 𝑒 !!" = 6 − 2 𝑒 !!.! V

If we define the voltage at the node to the left of the capacitor to be 𝑣! 𝑡 ,
𝑣! 𝑡 − 12 𝑣! 𝑡 𝑣! 𝑡 − 𝑣! 𝑡
+ + = 0
2 kΩ 2 kΩ 2 kΩ
or
1 2 !
𝑣! 𝑡 = 4 + 𝑣! 𝑡 = 6 − 𝑒 !!.! (V)
3 3
The solution is therefore
𝑣! 𝑡 > 0 1 !
𝑖! 𝑡 > 0 = = 3 − 𝑒 !!.! (mA)
2 kΩ 3

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3.100

3.000

2.900

2.800
Series1

2.700

2.600

2.500
0
1
2
3
4
5

9
10
11
12
13
14
6

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