Project Management Framework: Waleed El-Naggar, MBA, PMP

Project Management Framework
Based on PMBOK 5th Edition
Waleed El-Naggar, MBA, PMP
https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar
Agenda
 What is a Project
 What is Project Management
 PMO
 Organizational Structure
 Project Stakeholders
 Project Phases
 Project Management Process Groups
 PMI/PMP
PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 2
What is a Project?
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create
a unique product, service or result
 Definite beginning and a definite end
 Does not mean short duration
 Produce a product or artifact, quantifiable, an end item or
a component item
 A capability to perform a service, such as call center
 A result, such as research results or documents
 An improvement in an existing product or service
Project vs. Operation
 Operations are an organizational function performing an
ongoing execution of activities.
 Examples: Production, manufacturing, and accounting
operations.
 Projects help achieve the organizational goals when they
are aligned with the organization’s strategy.
 Projects require project management while operations
require business process management (BPM) or
operations management.
Project or Operation?



Projects and Strategic Planning
Projects start as a result of:
 Market demand
 Strategic opportunity and business need
 Social need
 Environmental consideration
 Customer request
 Technological Advance
 Legal requirements
The Triple Constraints

Portfolio, Program and Projects

Subproject
 A manageable component of a project
 May be performed by a separate organization
 Could be a project phase
 Subprojects are typically referred to as projects
and managed as such

What Is Project Management?
 The application of knowledge, skills, tools, & techniques to
project activities to meet project requirements
 Project management is accomplished through the
appropriate application and integration of the 47 logically
grouped project management processes categorized into
5 process groups:
• Initiation
• Planning
• Execution
• Monitoring and Controlling
• Closure
Program Management
 A program is a group of related project, sub-projects, and
program activities managed in a coordinated way.
 Projects are related through common outcome or
collective capability.
 Focus on project interdependencies and help determine
the optimal approach for managing them.
Interdependencies such as:
 Resource Constraints
 Aligning organizational direction
 Resolve issues and change management

Project Management Office (PMO)
 A management structure that standardizes the
project-related governance processes and
facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies,
tools and techniques.
 Provides dedicated training, enterprise-wide project
management software, Coordinates overall project
quality standards.
 PMO may have the authority to act as an integral
stakeholder and a key decision maker through the
life of the project

PMO Structure

The Role of Project Manager
 The project manager is responsible to satisfy
needs: task needs, team needs and individual
needs to achieve project goals.
 Project managers need interpersonal skills such as:
 Leadership  Political and culture
 Team Building awareness
 Motivation  Negotiation
 Communication  Trust Building
 Influencing  Conflict Management
 Decision making  Coaching

Organizational Structures
 Functional
 Projectized
 Weak Matrix
 Balanced Matrix
 Strong Matrix

Functional Organization
Project
Chief Coordination
Executive
Functional Functional Functional

Manager Manager Manager
Staff Staff Staff
Staff Staff Staff
Staff Staff Staff

Projectized Organization
Chief
Executive
Project Project Project

Staff Staff Staff
Staff Staff Staff
Staff Staff Staff

Weak Matrix Organization
Chief
Executive

Staff Staff Staff
Project
Staff Staff Staff Coordination
Staff Staff Staff

Balanced Matrix Organization
Chief
Executive

Staff Staff Staff
Staff Staff Staff
Manager Staff Staff

Strong Matrix Organization
Chief
Executive
Functional Functional Functional Manager of Project

Manager Manager Manager Managers
Staff Staff Staff Project Manager

Organizational Structure Influences
PMP - Project
Management
Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 26
Advantages/Disadvantages of Organizations
I. Functional Organization
Grouped by areas of specialization/ functions. Power

is with the functional leader.
 Advantages: Access to specialists; members
reporting to only one supervisor, clearly defined
career paths
 Disadvantages: less focus on project deliverables,
no career path on Project Management, PM has no
authority
II. Projectized Organization
Organization is by projects. Personnel report to

PM/has total power.
 Advantages: Efficient project organization -

Loyalty to the project - effective communications.
 Disadvantages: No “home” after the project is

completed - duplication of facilities.

III. Matrix Organization
Power varies between Project & Functional managers
according to its type (strong, balanced or weak)
 Advantages:
 Maximum utilization of scarce resources

 Efficient horizontal & vertical dissemination of information
 Retention of home after project closure.
 Disadvantages:
 Different priorities between PM & FM (Conflicts)
 Dual reporting
 Complex to monitor and control
 Duplication of effort
Quiz:
Salma is a project manager in a company that
regularly builds teams to create products for
clients. When the product is delivered, the team is
dissolved & assigned to other projects. What kind
of organization is that?
A. Weak matrix
B. Projectized
C. Functional
D. Strong matrix
Balance of Power in an Organization
Project Influence in Decision Making
Functional Influence in Decision Making
Pure Weak Balanced Strong Pure

Functional Matrix Matrix Matrix Projectized

Authority/Responsibility Balance

Organizational Process Assets

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Quiz:
Which of the following is NOT part of the
enterprise environmental factors?:
A. Lessons learned from previous projects
B. Knowledge of which departments in your
company typically work on projects
C. The work authorization system
D. Government and industry standards that affect
your project

Project Stakeholders
Individuals and organizations who are
actively involved in the project and whose
interests may be positively or negatively
affected by the project success or failure
Key Stakeholders
 Project manager Manages the project
 Customer Uses the product or service
 Performing organization Enterprise that does the project
work
 Sponsor Provides financial resources
Project Stakeholders

What Is a Deliverable?
 A unique and verifiable product, result, or
capability to perform a service that is required to
be produced to complete a process, phase or
project.
 A deliverable often marks the end of a phase of

the project or a major milestone.
 Phase end = Phase exit, stage gates, or kill points

Cost & Staffing levels across the
project life cycle

Impact of Variable Based on
Project Progress

Project Phases
 Divides the project into phases that provide
better management control and the appropriate
links to the operations of the organization
 Project Governance Across the Life Cycle
 Phase-to-Phase Relationship

Project Phases

Predictive Lifecycle

Iterative/Incremental Lifecycle

Adaptive/Agile Lifecycle

Project Management Process Groups

Project Management Process Groups (1)
 Initiating Process Group
 Defines and authorizes the project or a project phase
 Planning Process Group
 Defines and refines objectives, and plans the course
of action required to attain the objectives and scope
that the project was undertaken to address
 Executing Process Group
 Integrates people and other resources to carry out the
project management plan for the project

Project Management Process Groups (2)
 Monitoring and Controlling Process Group
 Regularly measures and monitors progress to identify
variances from the project management plan so that
corrective action can be taken when necessary to meet
project objectives
 Closing Process Group

 Formalizes acceptance of the product, services or
result and brings the project or a project phase to an
orderly end

Process Groups Interaction

Quiz
The project life cycle is comprised of which of
the following?
A. Phases
B. Milestones
C. Estimates
D. Deliverables

Quiz
What type of organization is BEST for
managing complex projects involving cross
disciplinary efforts?
A. Projectized
B. Functional
C. Line
D. Matrix

Quiz
Of the following, which is the logical order of the
project management processes?
A. Initiating, planning, controlling, executing, closing
B. Planning, initiating, controlling, executing, closing
C. Initiating, planning, executing, controlling, closing
D. Planning, initiating, executing, closing

Project Management Institute
 Founded in 1969, the Project Management
Institute (PMI) has grown to be the organization
of choice for project management professionals
world wide.
 600,000 members representing 184 countries
 Establishes project management standards,
provide seminars, educational programs and
professional certification.
 http://www.pmi.org
Project Management Professional (PMP)
 The PMP certification is the most widely recognized and
respected certification in the field of project
management. The purpose and goal of this certification
program is the development, maintenance, evaluation,
promotion, and administration of a rigorous,
examination-based, professional certification program of
the highest caliber.
 Worldwide there are 510,434 PMPs all over the world
(Dec 31st, 2012).

Certification Test Eligibility Requirements
Category 1 Category 2
• Baccalaureate/equivalent degree • High School diploma/equivalent degree
• Minimum of 4,500 hours of project • Minimum of 7,500 hours of project

management experience within the five management experience within the five
process groups (Initiation, Planning, process groups (Initiation, Planning,
Execution, Control, Closing) Execution, Control, Closing)
• 3 years of project management • 5 years of project management

experience within the last 6 years (36 experience within the last 8 years (60
months of non-overlapping months of months of non-overlapping months of
PM experience). PM experience).
• 35 contact hours of project management • 35 contact hours of project management

education. education.

PMP Over the Years

Project Management Institute Certificates
 Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)®
 Project Management Professional (PMP)®
 Program Management Professional (PgMP)®
 PMI Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP)®
 PMI Risk Management Professional (PMI-RMP)®
 PMI Scheduling Professional (PMI-SP)®
 OPM3® Professional Certification

Thank you

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Project Management Framework

Based on PMBOK 5th Edition

Waleed El-Naggar, MBA, PMP

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 5

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 6

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 7

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 9

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 11

 May be performed by a separate organization

 Could be a project phase

 Subprojects are typically referred to as projects

and managed as such

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 12

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 15

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 16

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 17

 Communication  Trust Building

 Influencing  Conflict Management

 Decision making  Coaching

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 18

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 20

Functional Functional Functional

Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff

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Project Project Project

Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff

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Functional Functional Functional

Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff

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Functional Functional Functional

Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff

Manager Staff Staff

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Functional Functional Functional Manager of Project

Staff Staff Staff Project Manager

Staff Staff Staff Project Manager

Staff Staff Staff Project Manager

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Grouped by areas of specialization/ functions. Power

II. Projectized Organization

Organization is by projects. Personnel report to

 Advantages: Efficient project organization -

 Disadvantages: No “home” after the project is

PMP - Project Management Framework https://www.facebook.com/waleed.naggar 28

 Maximum utilization of scarce resources

Project Influence in Decision Making

Functional Influence in Decision Making

Pure Weak Balanced Strong Pure

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 A deliverable often marks the end of a phase of

 Phase end = Phase exit, stage gates, or kill points