\ NEBOSH IGC' Important Que: Chapter 1 | d+ 7® Identify reasons for maintaining good standards of health and safety in an organization, (8) (Ans: Page no. 5) | There are three important reasons for maintaining good standards of health and safety in an organization ‘© Morally the employer is responsible to provide a reasonable standard of care and to Se” reduce the injuries, pain and suffering caused to workers by accidents and ill R 6 health, The moral reasons are supported by the occupational accidents and disease ny rates, The main factors for accidents which is preventable are VO Lack of preventative safety and health culture Q * Poor Management Systems * Poor supervision and enforcement by the government. © Socially the employer need to provide a safe place of work, safe plant and equipment, safe system of work, competent workers and a high standard of training and supervision. It is not possible without the potential for regulatory action or litigation; many employers would not act upon their implied obligation of protection. ‘© The economic reason being the avoidance of criminal penalty and compensation aims by complying with the law. Avoidance of cost associated with accident investigation, hiring and training of replacement staff, possible repair and replacement of plant and equipments, securing more favorable terms for insurance and maintaining the image of the organization. Bh _D ‘An organization has been found to have inadequate standards of workplace health and safety. Identify the costs that the organization may incur as a result (8) (Ans Page no 6) Inadequate standards of workplace will leads to accident or incidence of ill — health will cause both direct and indirect costs and incur an insured and an uninsured cost. Direct cos uninsured. these are costs which are directly related to the accident and may be insured or Insured direct cost includes * Claims on employers and public liability insurance * Damage to buildings, equipment or vehicles * Production or general business loss — Page 1 .Uninsured cost includes Fines resulting from prosecution by the enforcement authorities Sick pay Damage to the equipment, tools, property, plant or materials Increase in insurance premiums resulting from the accident ‘Any compensation not covered by the insurance policy. Legal representation following any compensation claim. Indirect costs: These are costs which may not be directly attributable to the accident but may result from a series of accidents. Again these may be insured or uninsured. Insured costs include * A cumulative business loss * Product or process liability claims * Recruitment of replacement staff Uninsured costs include Loss of goodwill and a poor corporate image Accident investigation time and any subsequent remedial action required Production delays Extra overtime payments Lost time for other employees such as first aid staff who tend to the needs of injured person Recruitment and training of replacement staffs * Additional administration time incurred Lower employee morale possibly leading to reduced productivity. ers Outline the main health and safety responsibilities of: a) Employers (4) (Ans: Page no. 8) (Or) Outline the rights of workers in respect of health and safety at work (4) ‘The main health and safety responsibilities of Employer are: = To provide and maintain workplaces, machinery, equipment, work methods and working environment including access and egress should be safe after carring out risk assessments to reduce risk reasonable practicable. + To provide adequate supervision of work practices ensuring proper use is made of relevant occupational health and safety measures. * To provide proper PPE and equipment which are reasonably necessary when workplace hazards cannot be otherwise prevented or controlled.* To provide proper information, instruction and training that takes in to account the function and capabilities of different categories of workers. * To introduce occupational health and safety management arrangements b) Workers (4) (Or) Outline the responsibilities of workers in respect of health and safety at work (4) * Workers have the responsibilities to co operate with their employer and abide by the instructions of health and safety policy and procedures. * To take reasonable care of their own safety and that of other persons who may be affected by the acts or omissions at work. * To report accidents or injury and any dangerous situation which arises at the work place * Touse safety devices & protective equipment appropriately and to follow the site rules * To report the immediate supervisor of any situation which they have reason to believe could present a hazard and which they cannot correct themselves. aie the key elements of a health and safety management system (8) (Ans: page no, 15 &16) The key elements of a health and safety management system are as follows: = Policy Organizing Planning and implementation Evaluation Audit Actions for improvement a. Policy: Every organization has a health and safety policy which contributes to their business performances by providing a safe environment to work. The health and safety Policy influences all the activities and decisions relating to working systems and services and to the control of waste. b. Organizing: Competence, Care, Commitment, Control and Co-operation, Communication should be effectively incorporated in the roles and responsibilities of the staff by the management ¢. Planning and implementation: In this stage organization requires to Set health and safety target. "Identify hazards. = Assess risk and control. = Set standards against which performance can be measures. = Comply with health and safety laws Page 3 ee