Muroran[edit]

Major Allied naval air attacks and bombardments of targets in Japan in July–August 1945

On the night of 14/15 July, another bombardment unit—TU 34.8.2—was detached from TF 38 to
attack the town of Muroran on the south-east coast of Hokkaido. TU 34.8.2 was commanded by
Rear Admiral Oscar C. Badger and comprised the battleships Iowa, Missouri and Wisconsin,
the light cruisers Atlanta and Dayton, and eight destroyers.[14][15] Admiral Halsey accompanied this
force on board Missouri.[16] The targets of this attack were the Japan Steel Company's facilities
and the Wanishi Iron Works.[15] Also that night, a force of four cruisers and six destroyers cruised
along the east coast of Honshu seeking to attack Japanese shipping but did not locate any
targets.[17]
TU 34.8.2's bombardment began at dawn on 15 July. The three battleships fired 860 16-inch
(410 mm) shells at the city from a range of 28,000–32,000 yd (26,000–29,000 m). Aerial
observation and spotting of damage was made difficult by hazy conditions, and only 170 shells
landed within the grounds of the two plants. Nevertheless, considerable damage was inflicted on
the industrial facilities, resulting in the loss of two-and-a-half months of coke production and
slightly less pig iron production. Damage to buildings across the city was also extensive. As with
the bombardment of Kamaishi, photo interpreters underestimated the scale of the
damage.[15][18] TU 34.8.2 was highly vulnerable to air attack throughout the more than six hour
period in which it was visible from the shore of Hokkaido, and Halsey later wrote that these were
the longest hours of his life. The failure of the Japanese to attack his ships convinced Halsey that
they were preserving aircraft for use against the Allied invasion force.[16] On 15 July, aircraft flying
from TF 38's aircraft carriers struck again at Hokkaido and northern Honshu, devastating the fleet
of ships that carried coal between the two islands.[8]