Procedures Transferance/ literal/ transposition

Strategies

Method Newmark 1. Sematic/ communicate

Nida -formal/dynamic

Transformational model by Chomsky-

what people write have a very deep meaning

Kernel sentence (basic language put in computer system to transfer into other language. )made into
6 type

Surface structure – complex sentences

Deep structure – simple and abstract (real meaning)

Restructure back to normal sentences for the view of the common

Message must be close to each other

Correspondence - nouns to nouns/ verb to verb

Borrowing – no change spelling at all

Naturalization

Nida

Formal -follow source text

Dynamic equivalence – response of the source text/ the principle of equivalent effect -produce the
same effect on translation text

Newmark

Communicative translation-

Focus on tt reader

Gain force

Semantic translation – follow syntax and semantic of the second languge without changing the
original meaning

Transmitter – source text writer

Loss of meaning

Koller – Denotative equivalence

Things to discuss assignment week 6

1. Context
2. Reader
3. Text genre
4. Other possible translation
5. (prpm) semak penggunaan bahasa
Week 5

Distort the sentence structure or formatic aspect the translation to translate dialect

Semantic, literal, formally or dynamically

Assignment 2

Letterhead – narrative, use pronounce we, I, u

Cicero – interpreter – word for word

Orator – move the listener

Style: dialect, sentence long/ short, bombastic words/ simpler word

Force: functional : how u feel /

Horace – 20 bce aesthetically pleasing

Bible into latin from Hebrew/ Greek/ Aramic (original text)

Sense for sense – meaning

Holy scripture translate word for word.

China

Arab

1. Borrow Greek word into Arabic

2. They talk new concept (create new word) find another way of saying it call neologism instead
transliteration(borrowing)