How people manage their finances on my country

I do not know a lot about this topic because i am a medicine student but i guess
i can write something about finances on my country.
I realize that people manage their finances in different ways: some people likes
to keep their money on a bank and get some money waiting for a long time,
another big group of people likes to invest the money on their dream business,
maybe another one likes just waste it and do not have a coin for later.
Recently I had talked with my girlfriend about AFP's and I guess this is a way to
manage your finances on my country; she is an accounting student and she
explained me that people who works give some money of their salaries to this
AFP's and they keep money for later, maybe when people will not have work or
maybe when they just retire. She said that there are 3 groups on AFP's: group
0, group 1, group 2 and group 3, each one have risks, for example: The people
that chose group 0, they give money to the AFP; this AFP invest the money on
the stock Exchange, obviously they are in group 0 and they do not have any risk
so they win some money. People that are in group 3, they will win extra money,
because AFP's invest in the stock Exchange but they have more risks to lose
the money so if the business works well, they win a lot of money for later.
With this people keep money in this AFP’s and they get a small fortune just
giving a part of their salaries to this kind of companies.
Kind of difficult for people that never have read or study this topic. I find this kind
of interesting but I prefer keep reading medicine books.