Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chem Lab Report
Chem Lab Report
Copper hydroxide”
Cu(OH)2
By
Chanya Thedratanawong
Kanticha Puthongkum
Thanittha Chivatxaranukul
Yavitha Siri-u-vithtaya
#1105
Abstract
In this experiment, CuSO4 was a solution A and two of NaOH represented the solution
B and C. They were used to observe and analyze the reaction of the solutions and the
limiting and excess reagent of each reaction. During the experiment, solution A was mixed
with solution B as one reaction and another solution A was mixed with solution C for another
reaction.
The Result of this experiment is that the the solution that came out from the mixing
of the solution A and Solution B is more liquid than the solution that came from Solution A
and C because the first solution has less sodium hydroxide than the second one. Moreover
after both of the 2 solution had left over in the oven for 1 day, the result that came out is
that the Solution of A and B had dried and stick with the paper and It still remained the
same color while the Solution of A and C had dried but it had clotted together and had
changed its color to be navy blue. Therefore, the difference in amount of NaOH which are
Introduction
Compound has 2 or more element which connect by chemical bonding and it can be
separated by chemical method. Compounds are usually divided into 2 types. First one is ionic
compound which is metals react with nonmetals and these atoms are composed of negative
and positive charge. Second one is covalent compound which is nonmetals combine together.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda or lye, is co-product of
ne of a caustic substance which use to neutralize acids and make
chlorine production and o
sodium salts. Sodium hydroxide is formed in white crystalline odorless solid at room temperature
and can absorb moisture from air. (PubChem Compound Database, 2005). It is also used in metal
cleaning and electrolytic extracting. Molar mass of sodium hydroxide is 40.01 g/mol., and it
is the alkali salt of sodium. The structure of NaOH has an ionic compound consisting of
Filtration is a method that use to separate solid from the liquid or gaseous fluid by
using the filter medium which allows only the liquid part to pass through, but not the
solid(britannica, 2018). Filtration has more than one way to do it such as general filtration,
vacuum filtration, cold filtration and hot filtration. In this experiment, the method that we
use is general filtration and it is the method that uses the gravity to pull down the liquid
through the filtration medium such as filter paper and the solid will be left on the filter
paper(thoughtco., 2018). The technique that we use to fold the filter paper is folding the
The objectives of this lab is in order to learn how to convert gram to mol and
calculate the theoretical, which is the amount of product that would result if all the limiting
reagent reacted, and percent yield, which is is the percent ratio of actual yield to the
theoretical yield by using the formula. Moreover, we can know that which one is limiting or
excess reagent.
Chemicals
- CuSO4
- NaOH
- Ethanol
- Distill Water
Materials
- Filter paper
- Ring stand and
Clamps
- Weighing paper
- Spatula
- Funnel
Glasswares
- 100 mL beaker
- 50 mL graduated cylinder
- Watch glass
- Stirring rod
Flow Chart
Result
According to the experiment result, the solution in the beaker during the filtration
had a different color.For the solution A & B, the filtrate had a light blue color liquid but ,in
filtrate A & C, the liquid is clear. The reason why the color of the filtrate of both solutions
was different is that the excess reagent CuS04•5H20, has a blue color and, so when it
reacted with the limiting reagent, NaOH, there were some left over of CuSO4•5H20 which
made the filtrate blue. For solution A & C, the limiting reagent was CuS04•5H20 and the
excess reagent was NaOH. CuSO4•5H20 was used to react with NaOH all, so there is no color
left in the filtrate. Also, we indicate the limiting reagent and excess reagent by calculating
the mole of each substance in both solutions. In A & B, the mole of NaOH is lower, but, in A
& C, the mole of NaOH is higher. Therefore, we can conclude that the limiting reagent of A &
The percentage yield for both of the solution is more than 100 % . The percentage
yield for or solution A + B is 168.1 % and for A + C is 136.7 % . This is because the actual
product from the experiment was more than the calculated product. It might be because
there were some other substances left in the filter paper. So, when we weight the paper, the
During the experiment, we also observe that the solution A+B from the different
group had a different color. Some group got the light cyan color as we did, and some were
darker cyan. Refer to the research, the color of Cu(OH)2 can be varied according to the pH
level. The solution that had darker color tend to have higher pH level, while the one with
lighter color has lower pH level. NaOH is a strong base so it is the solution that determines
the pH level. The more NaOH, the higher pH the solution has.
Conclusion
To conclude, this experiment shows how each solutions react chemically and
physically. With our observation, we can see that the color of the mixing of solutions A and
B was turquoise while the mixing of solutions A and C was deep ocean blue. The AB product
at the end turned to be the solid that stick with the filter paper, but the AC product had
clotted together and turned to left the product that didn’t stick with the filter paper. In
addition, from the result, the final weight of solid product (A+B) is 0.46 g which is lesser
than solid product (A+C) which is 1.16 g. Therefore, it indicates that solution A+B is the
theoretical yield because the product has the lowest amount. Moreover, we can conclude
that the amount of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) affects the result of each reaction.
Suggestion/Error
In the experiment, there are some steps that might have some error. For instance,
when we measured the solution, or some chemical substances, the amount that we get
might not equal to the amount that we need to use. Therefore, the result that came out
might not be as what it need to be. The way that we will improve in the next time is that we
will try to make sure that the amount of the substances that we get is same as amount that
we need.
The another error that we might have is the fold of the filter paper. When we fold
the paper, we might not fold it enough. Moreover, when we rinse water into the filter paper,
some the fold of the paper were gone. Therefore, the filtration of the solution might not
come as good as it would be. In the next time, we will improve and protect this error by we
Pictures
Worklog
Kat - record the data (weight) and rewrite the data in the google docs.
Day 3 - Day 7
Kat - Write the the suggestion/error and some of the abstract parts.
References
-. (2018, December 11). Review of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/science/filtration-chemistry
https://www.chemicalsafetyfacts.org/sodium-hydroxide/
Pubchem. (2005, March 26). Sodium hydroxide. Retrieved from National Center for
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_hydroxide#section=Top
http://www.softschools.com/formulas/chemistry/sodium_hydroxide_uses_properties_struct
ure_formula/244/