uydhdk fndaêi;a;aj N+ñ ixl,amh ms<sn| úuiSula

nqoaOhdk" fndaêi;a;ajhdk talhdk hk m¾hdh kïj,ska ye|skafjk

uydhdk1 nqÿoyu nqoaOmom%dma;sh ksIaGdfldg mj;S' nqoaO;ajh idlaId;a lsrSu i|yd
fï oyu u.ska bosrsm;a flfrk m%;smodj ye|skafjkafka fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj
jYfhks' ta nqoaO;ajhg m;aúh yels tlu ud¾.h fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj jk
fya;=fjks' fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdfõ ffki¾.sl wx.hka w;=frka N+ñ yd mdrñ;d
hk wx. oajhh b;d jeo.;a h' fndaêÑ;a;h Wmojdf.k fndaêi;ajfhl= njg m;a
ù wrshm¾fhaIKfha fhfok whl=g wkql%ufhka ksIaGdj fj; ,Õdùug N+ñfhka
N+ñhg by< kex. yelsjkafka mdrñ;d mrsmQ¾Kfhkah' fufia i,ld n,k l,
uydhdkh hkq mdrñ;d mQrKh jYfhka ye|skaúh yelsh' taksid uydhdkh
ye|skaùu i|yd m¾hdh mohla jYfhka —mdrñ;dhdk˜ hkak fhoSu ifya;=l nj
fmfka'2
wdrïNfha u w[a[drdOkh ^I;HdjfndaOh& isÿ fkdjk nj;a th isÿjkafka
wkqmQ¾j YslaIdjla wkqmQ¾j ls%hd ud¾.h;a wkqmQ¾j m%;smodjla uÕska nj;a nqÿkajykafia
ucACêu ksldhfha lSgd.srs iQ;%fha olajd we;'3 N+ñ ixl,amh uÕska o fuh meyeos,s
flfrkafka fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdfõ we;s wkqmQ¾j;d ,laIK f,ih'
„N+ñ‟ hk moh md,s yd ixialD; NdId oajhfhau fhfoa' idudkHfhka
fmdf<dj N+ñh hk wre;ska yereKq úg fuu moh —ia;rh˜ —;;a;ajh˜ —;,h˜
jeks wre;ao m%ldY flfrk mrsos msgl uQ,dY%hj,o fhoS we;'4 md,s iïm%odhfha
fuu moh fndaêi;a;aj ixl,amh yd iïnkaOj fhfokafka wgqjd .%ka:j, nj
wdpd¾h f;dIsbÑ tkafoda5 fmkajd fohs' Lqoaol mdG wgqjdfõ prshdmsgl wgqjdfõ
fndaêi;a;aj N+ñ hk fhÿu olakg we;s nj wdpd¾h à'tkafoda tys i|yka lrhs'
tfy;a ixialD; iïm%odhfha fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdfõ úúO ia;r ;, ye|skaùu i|yd
N+ñ hk moh óg fmrd;=j u fhoS we;s nj ixialD; uQ,dY%h u.ska ikd: fõ'
fndaêi;a;aj ixl,amh fukau N+ñ ixl,amh o m%d.a-uydhdk hq.hg wh;a nj meyeos,sj
olakg we;' N+ñ hk moh fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdfõ ;, fyda ia;r ye|skaùu i|yd fhfok
uQ,dY%h w;=frka uydjia;=j bmerKs lD;shla fõ' uydidx>sl iïm%odhg wh;a lD;shla
fia ie,flk fuh6 uydhdkh ìysùug fndfyda l,lg fmr iïmdokh jQjls'
i¾jdia;sjdoS iïm%odhg wh;a lD;shla jk wNsO¾ufldaIfhys o fuu ixl,amh .ek
i|yka fõ' tfukau uydhdk lD;s jYfhka .efKk m%{dmdrñ;d7 idys;Hfha o fuu
ixl,amh úia;r flf¾' N+ñ moh fuf,i mdrsNdIsl mohla jYfhka uydhdk lD;sj,

1
fhÿKq wjia:d /ila y¾ ohd,a i|yka lrhs'8 iuyr ;ekl N+ñ hk mohg m¾hdh
jYfhka úydr hk moh o fhfoa' uydhdk iQ;%d,xldrfha fufia fhoS we;'9
by; i|yka lreKqj,ska meyeos,s jk tla jeo.;a fohla kï" mrudo¾Yhla
jYfhka fndaêi;a;aj ixl,amh ia:dms; jQfha uydhdk nqÿ oyfuys jqjo tys l%ñl
j¾Okh ksldhdka;r nqÿ oyu m%p,s; jqKq iuhg wh;a jk njh' fn!oaO ix>
ixúOdkh ksldhj,g fnoS hEug fya;= jqKq úúO fya;+ka w;r w¾y;a mrudo¾Yhg
tfrys j ix> iudch ;=< fukau .sys iudch ;=< o l%ufhka jefvñka mej;s úfrdaOh
fya;= jqKq njg ksYaÑ; idOl we;' uydfoajhkaf.a mxpúO úfõpkhka fuhg we;s tla
m%Odk idlaIshls'10 idïm%odhsl NslaIQka mrsh;a;shg keUqre ùu fya;= fldgf.k ta NslaIq
msrsi .sys ieoeyej;=kaf.a wd.ñl wjYH;djka bgq lsrSug t;rï lem fkdùu .sys msrsia
yd NslaIQka w;r mej;s iïnkaOh ÿria: lsrSug fya;= jqKd úh yelsh' fï w;r
nqoaOdNsjdokhg u lemjqKq tla;rd Wmdil msrsila isá njg o Ök uQ,dY%hhka uÕska
idlaIH ,efn;ehs ysrldjd wlsrd Tyqf.a lD;sfhka fmkajd fohs'11 nqoaOprs; iïmdokh
lsrSug mqfrda.dñ jQfjda o fï msrsia h' tfiau fndaêi;a;aj ixl,amh j¾Okh lsrSug yd
ckms%h lsrSug uQ,sl jYfhkau bosrsm;a jkakg we;af;a o fï wkaofï Wmdil msrsia úh
yels hehs idOdrK wkqudkhla l< yelsh' w¾y;a ke;fyd;a Y%djl mrudo¾Yh .ek
tla;rd ÿrlg l,lsrS isá fï msrsia ;uka n÷ meúos fkdjQ tfy;a wd.ñl osú
fmfj;lg lemjqKq .sys msrsia Wfoid jvd fhda.H mrudo¾Yhla jYfhka fndaêi;a;aj
ixl,amh ÿgqjd úh yelsh' nqoaO;ajh mru ksIaGdj fldg we;s fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj
N+ñfhka N+ñhg hk whqrska l%ñlj ieliSu werfUkakg we;af;a fï msrsia w;ska úh
yels hehs ifya;=lj is;sh yels h'

uq,a wjêfha oS fndaêi;a;aj N+ñ ixl,amh uydhdk woyiaj,g keUqrejqKq ish¨

u fn!oaOhka úiska fmdÿfõ ms<s.ekqKq njla olakg ke;' th yqÿ iudjD;a;sh muKla
nj m%{d mdrñ;d Y;iyis%ldfõ fj;shs úh;ayq fmkajd fo;s' fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj úia;r
lsrSu i|ydu iïmdokh flreKq fndaêp¾hdj;drfhys N+ñ ms<sn|j i|yka jkafka ke;'
tfuka u uydhdk iQ;%d,xldr YslaIdiuqõph jeks lD;sj, N+ñ ms<sn|j oS¾> úia;r
wvx.= fkdfõ' tfy;a tu ld,hgu wh;a hehs ie,lsh yels udOHuldj;dr n÷ lD;skays
N+ñ ixl,amh iúia;rj bosrsm;a fõ'12
lreKq fufia jqjo" b;d merKs wjêhl isgu fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj lsishï
whqrlska l%udkql+,j ilid bosrsm;a lsrSug W;aidy .kq ,enqKq nj kï meyeos,sh' fï
w;rska bmerKsu W;aidyhla jYfhka uydjia;f
= jys tk úia;rh oelaúh yelsh' fï
l%udkql+, ieliSu woshr ;=klg fjkafldg olajk ta'iS' nek¾cs kï bkaoSh úoaj;d
lshkafka uq,a woshr uydjia;=fjka o fojk woshr m%{d mdrñ;d idys;Hh uÕskao ;=kajk
woshr oYN+ñl iQ;% jeks lD;s uÕka o isÿù we;s njh'13

2
 uydjia;=fjys N+ñ oyhla kï flf¾' tajd kï( ^1& ÿrdfrdayd ^2& nqoaOud;d ^3&
mqIamuKaä;d ^4& rÑrd ^5& Ñ;a; úia;rd ^6& rEmj;S ^7& ÿ¾chd ^8& ckauks¾foaY ^9&
fh!jrdc yd ^10& wNsfIal hkqhs' N+ñ oyhla kï flreK;a fï kï yd oYN+ñl iQ;%fha
i|yka N+ñ oyfha kï w;r iudk njla ke;' tmuKlao fkdj uyd jia;=fjys N+ñ
oyhla kï fldg úia;r flreKo tu úia;rh l%uj;a ke;' fuu úia;r N+ñ ixl,amfha
m%d:ñl wjia:djla ms<sìUq lrk njg wkqms<sfj<ska flrS we;s tu úia;rhu idlaIshla
fõ'
m%{dmdrñ;d Y; iyis%ldfõo N+ñoyhla oelafjk nj i|yka fõ'14 fï kï w;r
Y=la,úmYH;d f.da;% wIagul o¾Yk ;kq ù;rd.S wdosh fõ' fï kï fiiq lD;sj,
fhfok kïj,g jvd yd;amiskau fjkia h' fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj úia;r flfrk ;j;a
b;d jeo.;a lD;shla jk fndaêi;a;ajN+ñ kï lD;sfhys N+ñ y;la yd uqiqjqK úydr
oy;=kla ms<sn|j mqkrela;sj,ska .yK úia;r we;=<;a h' fï úia;rfhys we;=<;a N+ñ yd
úydr fufiah(
^1& f.da;% N+ñ f.da;% úydr
^2& wêuqla;s p¾hd N+ñ wêuqla;s p¾hd úydr
^3& Y=oaOdYh N+ñ m%uqos;d úydr
^4& p¾hd m;%m;a;s N+ñ fuhg úydr yhla we;=<;ah'
tajd kï( wê YS," wêÑ;a;" wÑm%{d
^fï kï úydr ;=kla fõ&
^5& ksh;d N+ñ ks¾ñ;a; úydr
^6& ksh; p¾hd N+ñ m%;siïúoa iy idfNda. ks¾ñ;a; úydr
^7& ksIaGd.uk N+ñ fuhg mru úydr yd ;:d.; úydr hk úydr
fol we;=<;ah

fndaêi;a;aj N+ñ kï ld;sh oYN=ñl iQ;%hg miqj ,shejqKls' tys l¾;D

fuu N+ñ úydr oYN=ñl iQ;%fhys oelajqKq N+ñj,g iudka;r hhs yqjd oelaùug
f.k we;s W;aidyh id¾:l ke;' fuu N+ñ ixl,amh ilid we;af;a iS,-iudê-
m%{d hk ;s%YslaIdj mdol fldg f.k nj fmfka' oYN+ñl iQ;%h iïmdokh
ùfuka wk;=rej Bg jvd l%uj;a ùfuka" Bg fjkia jQ j¾.SlrKhla mdol
fldgf.k N+ñ ixl,amh ilid úia;r lsrSug fndaêi;a;ajN+ñ iïmdolhd
W;aidy f.k we;s uq;a" th id¾:l l%uj;a W;aidyhla jYfhka ye|skaúh
fkdyels nj úoaj;=kaf.a u;hh'15

nqoaO mom%dma;sh i|yd jQ wdOHd;añl m%.;s .uk oiN+ñl

iQ;%h wdY%fhka úu¾Ykh lsrSu

3
 fndaêi;a;aj N+ñ ixl,amh l%uj;a f,i bosrsm;a lsrSug .kq ,enqKq W;aidyhka
w;=frka jvd id¾:l W;aidyh ms<sìUq jkafka oYN+ñl iQ;%fhys nj fmdÿ ms<s.ekSu h'
fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj iukaú; jk N+ñ ixLHdj oyhla h hkq ksYaÑ; f,i ;Skaÿ lrkq
,enqfKa o th isoaOdka;hla f,i ms<s.kq ,enqfKao oYN+ñl iQ;%h uÕska bosrsm;a flreKq
úia;rh fya;=fldg f.k nj úoaj;ayq fmkajd fo;s'16 fndaêi;a;ajhl= wkql%ufhka
N+ñfhka N+ñhg m;a fjñka iS,-isoaê .=K oshqKq lr.ksñka l%ñlj ks¾u,;ajhg m;a jk
r;arkafuka mdrsY=oaêhg m;a jk wdldrh fï lD;sh u.ska úia;r flf¾' fuu lD;sfhys
oelafjk N+ñ oyh fufia h'
^1& m%uqos;d ^2& úu,d ^3& m%NdlrS ^4& w¾Ñiau;S ^5& iÿ¾chd ^6& wNsuqÇ ^7& ÿrx.ud ^8& wp,d
^9& idOqu;S iy ^10& O¾ufu>d hkqhs'17
fndaêi;a;ajN+ñ iQ;%h u.ska bosrsm;a flfrk fndaêi;a;aj p¾hd úia;rh YS, -
iudê-m%{d hk ;s%YslaIdjka mdol fldg we;ehs ms<s.kakd úh;ayq oY N+ñl iQ;%fhys
oelafjk úia;rh mdrñ;d ixl,amh u; ieliS we;ehs woyia lr;s' mdrñ;d msrSu
fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdfõ iqúfYaI wx.hlah hkak md,s iïm%odhh uÕskao ms<s.efka' 18 cd;l
l:d uÕska flfrkafkao fndai;=ka úúO W;am;a;sj,oS mdró mQrKfhys kshq;= jQ wdldrh
oelaùuhs' md,s ksldh .%ka: wjêfhaoS mdrñ;d ixl,amhka fkdjqjo miq wjêhl mdrñ;d
mQrKh fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdfõ m%.;shg w;HjYH wx.hla jYfhka ie,l=K neõ Lqoaol
ksldhhg wh;a prshd msgl nqoaOjxi wdoS lD;sj,ska meyeos,s fõ'19 mdrñ;d mQrKh
fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdfõ m%Odk wx. f,i ms<s.efkkakg jQfha fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj
nqoaOmom%dma;shg Wmia;ïNl jk mrudo¾Yh nj ms<s.kq ,eîfuka wk;=rej úh hq;= h'
fuu ms<s.ekSu f:rjdo-uydhdk fNaohlska f;drj fmdÿfõ isÿ ù we;s neõ fï
wxYoajhhg wh;a lD;sj,ska meyeos,s fõ' merKs idïm%odhsl ú.%yhka bosrm;a lrk
wgqjdpdrSka jykafia,d mdrñ;d mQrKfha we;s jeo.;alu ukdj yqjd olaj;s' nqoaOjxih
mdrñ;d —nqoaOldrdOïud˜20 jYfhka úia;r lrk w;r tys wgqjdj ;j ÿrg;a lreKq
meyeos,s lrñka" —nqoaOldrdkdu Oïud˜ y÷kajkafka —fndaêmdpkd˜21 hkqfjks'
uOqr;a:ú,disksh thg wgqjd imhñka —u.a.mrsmdpk˜ iìn[a[q; [dKmrsmdpk
hkqfjka úia;r lrhs'22
N+ñ ixl,amh l%uj;a fldg ilia lsrSfïoS mdrñ;d ixl,amh fnfyúka jy,a
fldgf.k we;s neõ oYN+ñl iQ;%h msrslaiSfïoS fmfka' fuu iQ;%h u.ska bosrsm;a
flfrk" l%ufhka b y<g hk oY N+ñ ms<sn| ieleiafï tla tla N+ñhla i|yd fjka
jqKq tla tla mdrñ;dj oelafõ' m%:u N+ñh jk m%uqos;d N+ñfha oS {dk mdrñ;dj mQrKh
lsrSfuka wrUk fï mdrñ;d mQrKh l%ufhka fojk N+ñfha oS YS, mdrñ;dj;a ;=kajk
N+ñfhaoS laIdka;s mdrñ;dj;a wdoS jYfhka mrsmQrKhg m;a fldg O¾uï>d kï oijk
N+ñfha oS {dk mdrñ;dj mrsmQ¾K;ajhg m;a lsrSfuka wjika flf¾'

4
 fndaê ixl,amh ieliSfïoS mdrñ;d mQrKh Bg iïnkaO lsrSug oY N+ñl iQ;%
iïmdoljrhd W;aiql ù we;af;a yqfola fuu ixl,am fol tl;= lsrSu msKsiu fkdfõ'
fï wjêh jk úg mdrñ;d ixl,amh oshqKqj mej;sfhah' mdrñ;d mQrKh fndaêi;a;aj
p¾hdj id¾:l lr .ekSug w;HjYH nj ;rfhau ms<s.kq ,enqKq hq.hls ta' mdrñ;d
ixLHdj oyhla olajd jeä flrefKa oYu l%uh fuu wjêfha oS m%p,s; ùu fya;= fldg
hehs y¾ ohd,a mjihs'23 tfy;a f:rjdoSka w;r mdrñ;d oyhla ms<sn| ixl,amhla Bg
fmrd;=ju mej;s nj;a uydhdkslhkao ta wkqj mdrñ;d ixLHdj oyh olajd jeä lsrSug
mshjr f.k we;s nj;a is;Su jvd fya;= hqla;h'
fndaêi;a;aj ixl,amh yqfola tla .=rel=,hlg iSud ù oshqKq jQjla fkdfõ'
f:rjdo-uydhdk hk fomd¾Yajfhau fuu ixl,amh iudka;rj oshqKq jqKq w;r ta
ms<sn|j jQ u;su;dka;r wfkHdkH jYfhka n,mdkakg o we;'
uq,a wjêfhaoS uydhdkslhska w;r jQ fmdÿ ms<s.ekSu mdrñ;djkaf.a ixLHdj
yhla njh'24 fï yh kï odk" YS," laIdka;s" ù¾h" OHdk yd m%{d hkqhs' md,s iïm%odhh
o mdrñ;d yhlg iSud jqKq ixl,amhla ms<sn|j oek isá nj prshd msgl wÜGl:dfõ
iïmdol lrk i|yklska meyeos,s jk nj à'tkafoda Tyqf.a lD;sfhys olajhs' 25 tfy;a
md,s iïm%odhfha jvd m%p,s; jQfha oi mdrñ;d ixl,amh h' fï oi mdrñ;d ms<sn| uq,au
i|yk nqoaOjxifhys fõ' fuys oelafjk mdrñ;d oyh kï ^1& odk ^2& iS, ^3& fklaLïu
^4& m[a[d ^5& ùrsh ^6& Lka;s ^7& iÉp ^8& wêÜGdk ^9& fu;a;d iy ^10& WfmlaLd hkqhs'
md,s iïm%odhfha tkï f:rjdo iïm%odhfha nqoaOldrl O¾u jYfhka mdrñ;d oyhla kï
flfrk úg nqoaO yd fndaêi;a;aj ixl,am jvd;a oshqKj
q g m;a flreKq uydhdk
iïm%odhh mdrñ;d yhlska ;Dma;su;a fõ hehs is;Su fya;= hqla; fkdfõ' mdrñ;d ixLHdj
oyh olajd jeä lsrsu uydhdkslhskag o wksjd¾h úKs' ta jk úg fmdÿfõ ms<sf.k
;snqKq mdrñ;d yhg wÆ;ska mdrñ;d y;rla tla lsrSfuka mdrñ;d ixLHdj oyh njg
m;a lr.kq ,eìKs' fuf,i tla lr.kq ,enqKq mdrñ;d kï ^7& Wmdh ke;fyd;a Wmdh
fl!Y,H ^8& m%KSOdk ^9& n, iy ^10& {dk hkqhs'
nqoaOldrOïud fndaê mdpkd wdoS jYfhka mdrñ;d úia;r lr ;sîfuka md,s
iïm%odhh u.ska mjd nqoaO;ajh ,eîu i|yd mdrñ;d fl;rï wjYH fldg ie,l=fKa o
hkak meyeos,sh' óg fojk fkdjk wdldrhlska uydhdk .%ka: uÕka o mdrñ;d
j¾Kkd flrS we;s neõ m%{dmdrñ;d wIagiyis%ld wdoS .%ka:hka uÕka fy<s fõ'26
kj mdrñ;djka tla lsrSfïoS yels;dla ÿrg md,s iïm%odhhg wh;a fkdjk
mdrñ;d kï lsrSug uydhdkslhska W;aiql ù we;s neõ o olakg we;' fuho tu wjêfha
oS w;HjYHfhkau l< hq;a;la úh' w¾y;a mrudo¾Yh wìnjd fndaêi;a;aj mrudo¾Yh
oshqKq lsrSug kï fujka fjkila lsrSu w;HjYH úh' tfy;a fï i|yd fhda.H mdrñ;d
fidhd .ekSu t;rï myiq ù we;s njla fkdfmfka' m%KSOdk n, nª mdrñ;d tla lsrSug
isÿ ù we;af;a fï fya;=fjks' m%{d mdrñ;djg wu;r jYfhka {dk kñka mdrñ;djla o

5
tla lsrSfuka fï nj jvd;a ikd: fõ' flfia jqjo Wmdh fl!Y,H mdrñ;djj tla lsrSu
fya;= fldgf.k fuu ld¾hh ;rula ÿrg fyda id¾:l lr .ekSug yels ù we;ehs lsj
yelsh'
Wmdh fl!Y,Hh jkdys nqÿka jykafiaf.a uydlreKdfõ m%dfhda.sl wxYhh'
Wkajykafiaf.a uyd lreKd .=Kh m%o¾Ykh flfrkafka uyd lreKd .=Kh fmdÿ ck
ys; iqj msKsi fhofjkafka Wmdh fl!Y,Hh uÕsks' we;a; jYfhkau fndaêi;a;ajhl=
Y%djlhl=g ke;fyd;a ry;ka jykafia kulg jvd fYa%IaG fldg oelaùug uydhdkslhska
Wmfhda.S fldg .;af;a o fuu .=Khh' tksid th mdrñ;djla jYfhka tla lr .kq
,eîu fndaêi;a;aj ixl,amhg lsishï wdldrhl mrys;ldñ" .;sl Yla;shla we;=¿
lsrSug WmldrS ù we;ehs lsj yelsh'
oYmdrñ;d ixl,amh fndaêi;a;aj ixl,amh yd l%udkql+,j f.dkq lsrSfuka
oYNñl iQ;% iïmdoljrhd wfmaCId fldg we;af;a oYN+ñ ixl,amhg mokula iemhSuh'
uydhdkfha úia;r flfrk mrsos mdrñ;djka fndaêi;a;ajhl=f.a irKh kï
rlaIdjrKh kï th fndaêi;a;ajhl=f.a fo.=reka yd iudk kï ish¨ mdrñ;d
mrsmQ¾K;ajhg m;a lsrSu fndaêi;a;ajhl= úiska wksjd¾hfhkau l< hq;=h hkak ms<sn|j
újdohla mej;sh fkdyelsh' tksid" tu mdrñ;d oyh mrsmQ¾K;ajhg m;a lsrSug N+ñ
oyhla ;sîu w;HjYHh' N+ñ ixLHdj oyhla jYfhka ksYaÑ; f,i ;Skaÿ lsrsug oYN+ñl
iQ;% iïmdolg fujka lreKq fya;= ldrl jkakg we;ehs is;sh yelsh'
N+ñ ixl,amh wE; w;S;hg hkakla jqjo tys ixLHdj ms<sn| ksYaÑ; ks.ukhka
fkdjQ nj wod< uydhdk lD;sj,ska meyeos,s fõ' N+ñ ixLHdj oyhla f,i idudkHfhka
ms<s.ekqKo úúO ld, mrsÉfÊohkag wh;a lD;sj, fuu ixLHdj fjkia whqrska oelafjk
nj óg fmro i|yka lrkakg fhosKs' b;d merKs ld, jljdkqjlg wh;a jk
uydjia;=j N+ñ oyhla .ek i|yka lrhs' Bg miq ld,hg wh;a ,xldj;dr iQ;%h
olajkafka N+ñ y;la muKs' fï w;r Bg miq iufhl iïmdos;hehs ie,flk
fndaêi;a;aj N+ñ iQ;%h N+ñ y;la yd úydr oy;=kla .ek lreKq olajhs' N+ñ hkakg
úydr hk moh m¾hdh hhs uydhdk iQ;%d,xldrh i|yka lrhs'
fujeks fya;=j,ska meyeos,s jkafka N+ñ ixl,amh wkql%ufhka j¾Okh jQjla
njh' fufia wkql%ufhka j¾Okh lrkq ,enqfKa fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj Y%djl ke;fyd;a
w¾y;a p¾hdjg jvd fYa%IaGh hk úYajdih ikd: lsrSfï wruqfKks' fufia lsrSfï oS
Y%djl p¾hdj uq¿ ukskau m%;slafIam lrkq ,enqfKa ke;' Y%djl p¾hdj ksIaM,h" ta ksid
thska iïmQ¾Kfhka u bj;a úh hq;=h' hk oeä ia:djrhl uydhdkslfhda fkdmsysáfhdah'
Tjqka úiska lrkq ,enqfKa Y%djl m%;smodj fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdfõ m%d:ñl wjia:djla
jYfhka i,ld th fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdjg wä;d,u imhk nj fmkaùuh'
Y%djl p¾hdj wkq.ukh lrkafkla fõjd" fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdj wkq.ukh
lrkafkla fõjd Tyq fï wdOHd;au m%.;s .uk wrUkafka mq:qÊck ^mD:.ack& ;;a;ajfha

6
isgh' md,s nqÿ oyu wkqj fujka mq:qÊck mqoa.,fhla l%ufhka fid;dmkak" ilDod.dñ"
wkd.dñ" w¾y;a hk ud¾.M, ,nd ksjka mila lsrSug iu;a fõ' fï úYajdih m%;sfIam
l< m%d.auydhdksl tfy;a f:rjdoS fkdjQ fn!oaO ;,j,g wh;a úoaj;=kaf.a u;h jQfha
w¾y;a nj úuqla;sh mila lsrsug Wmia:ïNl fkdjk njh' uydidx>slfhda fï woyi
Rcqju oelajQy' w¾y;a nfjka Tíng tk fndaêi;a;aj p¾hd Tiafia ;j;a bosrshg .uka
.; hq;= hhs Tjqyq wjOdrKh l<y' fuu p¾hd oajhfha iudk wiudk lï .ek úoaj;=ka
lreKq olajd we;'27
mD;.ackhl= úuqla;s ud¾.hg mQ¾K jYfhka wj;S¾K ùug fmre;= wjia:dj
f:rjdo iïm%odhfhys y÷kajkafka f.da;%N+ hk mofhks'28
md,s yd ixialD; hk iïm%odh foflysu fuu wjia:dj .ek i|yka fõ' mQ¾j
fida;dmkak ;;a;ajhg wh;a fuu wjia:dj uydjia;=fjys m%lD;sp¾hd yd m%KSOdkp¾hd
jYfhka wjia:d folla jYfhka kï flf¾' ,xldj;dr iQ;%fhys mrsl¾u N+ñ jYfhka
ye|skafjkafkao fï wjia:dj u h' oY N+ñl iQ;h
% fuhg kula olajd ke;s uq;a" úuqla;s
ud¾.dj;S¾Kh u mQ¾j jk fuu wjia:dj ms<sn| oS¾> úia;r bosrsm;a lrhs' ——
“fndai;ajrekaf.a ta Ñ;a;h ^fndaê Ñ;a;h& W;amdo lrkq ,efí' hï Ñ;af;da;amdoh;a
iu. u fndaêi;aFjhd w;sl%dka; fjhs o” mD:.ack N=ñh blaujkafka fjhso”
fndaêi;aFjNdjfhd Wmkafkla fjhs o" ;:d.; l=,fhys ksrjoH jQfha fjhs o" ish¨ cd;s
jdofhka fjkajQfha fjhs o" f,daflda;a;r .;shg iaÓr jQfha fjhs o" fndai;a O¾u;dfjys
ukd j msysáfha fjhs o" fndaêi;aFj ksjdifhka iu:hg meñKsfha fjhs o" ff;%ld,
j¾;s, ;:d.; jxYhg ksh; jqfha fjhs o" iïfndaê mrdhK jQfha fjhs o'29”
fndaêi;a;aj N+ñ kï lD;sfhysm%lD;s p¾hdj jYfhka ye|skafjk fuu wjia:dj
f.da;%úydr yd wêuqla;sp¾hd úydr jYfhka j¾. fldg úia;r flf¾' fndaêi;ajhl=
m<uqjk N+ñhg msúiSug wjYH jk mQ¾j fldkafoais imqrd,kafka fndaêÑ;a;h
W;amdokh lrkafka fuu wjia:dfõoS h' Y%djlhl= fida;dm;a;s u.g msúiSug wod< jk
ish¨ iqÿiqlï ,nd.kafka f.da;%N+ wjia:dfõoS h' f.da;%N+ wjia:dfjka mi fndai;a
jrfhla uq,ska u t<fUkafka m%uqos;d kï N+ñhghs' tysoS we;s wOHd;añl i;=g wm%udKh'
“ mskaj;a cskmq;%fhks, fïm%uqÈ;d kï fndaêi;aFj N+ñfhys isákakdjQ fndai;a
f;fï, m%fudaoH nyq, fjhs m%ido nyq, fjhs' m%S;s nyq, fjhs” m%S;sfhka bms,S hhs””.30
fndaêi;ajhl= m<uqjk N+ñfha oS yd Y%djlhl= fida;dm;a;s ud¾.fhys oS m%.=K lrk
iuyr uQ,sl wêYS, .=Kdx.hka w;r iudk lula olakg we;;a fndaêi;ajhl= úiska
oshqKq lrkq ,nk fkdfhla iudëka ms<sn|j Y%djl p¾hdfõ i|yka jkafka ke;'
Y%djlhl= f.da;%N+;;a;ajfha isg wêiS, wêÑ;a; wêm[a[d .=K m%.=K lr w¾y;a Ndjhg
m;ajk wdldrfhka fndaêi;ajhl= f.da;% úydr wêuqla;sp¾hd úydr" m%uqos;d úydr" wêYS,

7
úydr" wê Ñ;a; úydr" wê m%{d úydr wdoshg m;a ù ;:d.; ;;a;ajhg m;ajk wdldrh
fndaêi;aj N+ñfhys úia;r lr we;'
Y%djl p¾hdfõ fida;dmkak ilo.dñ wkd.dñ jYfhka Y%djlhl= úuqla;s
ud¾.h Tiafia oshqKq jk wdldrhg iudk úia;rhla oYN+ñl iQ;%fhys oelafjk
N+ñ úia;rfhys o wvx.= h' odk mdrñ;d mQrKhg b;d jeo.;a ia:dkhla ,nd oS ;sfnk
whqre m%:u m%uqos;d kï N+ñfhaoS ukdj oelsh yelsh'
“fndaêi;aFj f;fï kej; m%:u fndaêi;aFj N+ñfhys yqkafka ish¨ i;aFjhka
flfrys idfmaCI Ñ;a;h jvd nqoaO{dkh ,nd.ekSfï W;=ï jQ wNs,dI nqoaêfhka
uy;a ;Hd.hkays fhfoa’ ta ;Hd.fhda fufiah’ tkï" OkOdkH fldaI fldaIaGd.dr
mß;Hd.h fyda" rkaߧ uiq lyjKq mß;Hd.h fyda" w,xldr jia;%dNrK mß;Hd.h
fyda" we;a" wia" r: mß;Hd.h fyda WoHdk ;fmdajk úydr mß;Hd.h fyda" ±is oia
lïlre mqreIhka mß;Hd.h fyda" .ï kshï.ï ckmo rdcH rdcOdks mß;Hd.h
fyda, Nd¾hd mq;% ÿys;D mß;Hd.h fyda, ish¨ m%shukdm jia;= mß;Hd.h fyda, ysia
lka kdid w;a md weia iajuia f,a weg wegñÿM, fïoh" isú yï yoj;a iy ish¨
wd;auNdjhu mß;Hd.h fyda“^fõ& ta ish¨ jia;= flfrys wkfmaCIs; ù
nqoaO{dkh ,nd.ekSfï Wodr wNs,dI nqoaêfhka w;ayßhs’ fufia fï m%:u
fndaêi;aFj N+ñfhys isáhyqg uy;Hd. iïNj fõ(˜
tys oelafjk úu,d N+ñh tkï fojk N+ñfhys fida;dmkak ilod.dó hk wjia:d

foflau ,laIK wvx.= h' fuysoS úfYaI wjOdrKh YS,h m%.=K lsrsu flfrys fhduq ù

we;'

“blaì;s mskaj;a ðkmq;% f;fï úu,d kï fndaêi;aFj N+ñfhys msysáfha m%lD;s oYl=Y,

l¾u m:hkaf.ka^oYNs( l=Yf,( l¾umff:''' &iukaú; jQfha fjhs” taa oyh ljf¾o h;a"

m%dKd;sm%d; m%;súß; jQfha fjhs” o~q .ekSfuka" wdhqO .ekSfuka" ffjÍùfuka f;drjQfha"

,ccd yd ohdkaú; jQfha, ish¨ m%dKSN+;hka flfrys ffu;s% iy.; ys; iqLdkqlïms jqfha

fjhs” fyf;u ixl,amfhkqÿ ldu úysxidjka fkdlrhs' wka i;aJjhka flfrys Wodr

id;aFj ix{s jQfha ldh úfNGkh lsÍu .ek ljr mqk¾jdohlao@ wo;a;dodk m%;súr;h
jkdys kej; iajfNda.fhys ika;DiaG jQfha mrfNda.dNS,dIS fkdjQfha" wkqlïmd iy.;

jQfha fjhs' fyf;u mr.Dys; jia;= úIfhys mr.Dys; ix{sjQfha fjhs” fidr is; Wmojd

b;d l=vd jQ ;Km;l=ÿ fkd.kafka fjhs’ wkqkaf.a Ôúf;damlrK .ekSfuka fjkaùu

8
.ek ljr l:do˜ ldu ñ:Hdpdrfhka fjkaùu ^ldu ñ:Hdpdr m%;súr;(& jkdys iaj
wUqjf.ka ;Dma;su;a jQfha mrdUqjka fkdm;kafka fjhs' fyf;u wka wh úiska
/ljrKh lrkq ,nk ia;%Ska flfryso f.da;% u.ska èjchla ±Íu u.ska kS;sh u.ska
/ljrKh iemfhk ia;%sSka flfryso wkai;= Nd¾hdjka flfryso leue;a;la kQmojhs'
,sx.slj yeisÍu .ek ljr l:do@
wi;H jpk j,ska f;drùu jkdys ^wkD; jpk& i;Hjd§ N=;jd§” ld,jd§ iyjd§
;:dldÍùuhs' fyf;u hg;a msßfihska isysfkkqÿ oDIaá ±Íu jYfhka reÑ bjiSï

jYfhka u;fm%alaIl jYfhka, úreoaO u; leue;sùu jYfhka fkdlshk ,o jpkhla

fkdlshhs' ±k ±k fndre lSu .ek ljr l:d o “fla,dï lSfuka fjkaùu jkdys

i;aFjhskaf.a fm,Sug yd fNaohg WmldÍ fkdùuhs fyf;u ksh; jYfhka wid tfia
lshkafka fNao lsÍu leue;s fjhs úhjq,a fkdleue;af;a úhjq,ays fkdwe¨fKa" úhjq,a
we;s lrk i;H fyda wi;H jpk lshkafka fjhs

;jo mreI jpkfhka fjkajQfha fjhs fyf;u hï ta jpkhla l¾lIjQfha" mrlgqljQfha"

lKg wñysß jQfha" .%duH jQfha yDoh ojkafka" ukia ika;dmldÍ jQfha" wm%sh jQfha"
wufkda{ jQfha" iajika;dk" mrika;dk ñ,lrkafka fjhso tn÷ jpkh yer hï ta
jpkhla isksÿ uDÿ ufkda{“ uOqr" m%shukdm Wmojk" ys;lrk l¾KiqL" yDohdx.u

fm%auKSh" fm%%!ß“ kqjKska Y%jkh l<hq;= ksYaÑ; , nyqck ys;jQ, nyqck ldka; jQ,

nyqck m%sh jQ" nyqck ukdm jQ" ú{dmkak jQ" ish¨ i;aFphskag ys; iqj fokakd jQ"
iudys;jQ" uki W;am,djkh lrkakd jQ uki m%ya,dmkh lrkakdjQ o iajika;dkh yd
mrika;dk m%ido lrkakd jQ o tn÷ jQ jpkh lshhs" iïm%,dmfhka f;drùu kï
ld,jd§j N=;jd§j w¾:jd§j O¾ujd§j" úkhjd§j ukdj mßyrKh lrk ,o jpk we;s
njh’ fyf;u msßisÿ jpk iqÿiq l,ays idjOdkj lshhs fyf;u hg;a msßfihska b;sydi
mQj_l jpkh mßyrkh lrhs jd.a úl,amkh .ek ljr l:do@ wkNsOHdj jkdys wka

wh keue;s wka wh mßyrKh lrk, wkai;= jia;=fjys ßisùul=ÿ W;amdo fkdlsÍjuhs'

9
wkai;= jia;=fjys wNsOHdjla ^±ä f,daNhla&kQmoùu m%d¾:kd fkdlsÍu" ;e;a fkdlsÍu"
f,daN is; kQmojSu .ek ljr l:do@

wjHdmkak Ñ;a;kh bkamiq we;sfjhs ish¨ i;aFjhka flfrys ffu;%SÑ;a;h"

ys;Ñ;a;h" ohdÑ;a;h" iqLÑ;a;h" isks÷ is;’ ish¨ f,daldkq.; is;" ish¨ N+;
ys;dkqlïms is; fõ fyf;u hï ta fl%daO Wmldyfhka yg.;a mßody ÿlla fõo
ta ish,a, yer hï ta wjHdmdohla ffu;%S Wmixys; jQ ish¨ i;aFjjhkag ys;iqL jQ
ú;¾l úpdß; fõo th wkqú;¾ls; fjhs uHlaoDIaá jkdys bkamiq we;sfõ iel
Wmojk kdkdm%ldr fkdyslauqKq oDIaáj,ska f;drj iDcq oDIaáj,ska hqla;j’ nqoaO
O¾u ix>hd flfrys ksh; úYajdih we;sùuhs.fyf;u fï oYl=Y, l¾um:hka
ksrka;rfhkau rCId lrkafka fufia Ñ;a;dYhka wNskSyrKh lrhs(32
wkd.dñ ;;a;ajhg m;ajk Y%djlhdf.a jeä wjOdkh wêÑ;a;h m%.=K lsrSu flfrys h'
tfuka u m%NdlrS ke;fyd;a ;=kajk N+ñhg m;ajk fndaêi;ajhd o úfYaIfhka iudêh
m%.=K lsrSu flfrys keUqre jk wdldrh oY N+ñl iQ;%fhka wjOdrKh fldg oelafõ'
—O¾udkqO¾u m%;sm;a;s fya;=fjka lduhkaf.ka fyda mdm wl=Y, O¾uhkaf.ka f;dr
ú;¾l úpdr iys; úfõl m%S;siqL jQ m%:u OHdkhg t<U jdih lrhs
fyf;u ú;¾l úpdrhkaf.a jHiYukfhka ixm%idohg m;a is; tald.%ùfuka ú;¾l
úpdr rys;j m%S;s iqLfhka hq;a oaú;Sh OHdkhg t<U jdih lrhs' fyf;u iauD;su;a jQfha
iïm%cdkk jqfha m%S;sfhys úrd.h wfmaCIdfjka jdih lrhs’ YÍrfhka iemho ú¢kq
,efí' WfmaCId iy.; iauD;su;a iqLúydÍjQfha ;D;Sh OHdkhg t<U jdih lrhs’
fyf;u iqLfha yd ÿCLfha m%ydKhg fmr fidaukiai fodaukiaihkaf.a wia;hg hEfuka
iqLfhys WfmaCIs; jQ iauD;sfhys mßY=oaO jQ p;=¾:OHdkdhg t<U jdih lrhs' fyf;u
ieu whqßkau rEmix{dj iu;sl%uKh lf<ah’ i;=re ix{dfjka wia;.;j .sfhah’ wkd;au
ix{dj isys lf<ah' wkka;dldY kï wdldidkdCopdhkkhg t<U jdih lrhs' fyf;u
yeu whqßkau fyf;u iEu whqßkau úCoaCodKCoapdh;kh iu;sl%uKh fldg
wdlsCoapCoaCoh;khg t<U jdih lrhs’ ta O¾udkqO¾u m%;sm;a;sh i|yd ñi tajdfhys

wNsr;sh msKsi fkdfõ. fyf;u ffu;%S iy.;jQ uyoa.;jQ wm%udKjQ wffjÍjQ wkdjrK

jQ wjHdndO jQ ij_;%dkq.; jQ is;ska O¾uOd;=j mru fldg wdldY Od;=j wjidk fldg
we;s f,dalh iam¾Y fldg t<U jdih lrhs' fufia lreKdiy.; uqÈ;diy.; WfmaCId

10
iy.; is;ska jdih lrhs' fyf;u fkdfhl=;a iDoaê úêka wkqNj lrhs' fmd<jo lïmd
lrhs' tflla ù fndfyda fofkla fjhs' fndfyda fofklaj isg tflla fjhs' my,ùu yd
ke;sùu wjfndaO lrhs' ì;a;s w;ßka m%dldr w;ßka mj_; uOHfhka ysia wjldYfhys
hkakdla fuka hhs' mCIska fuka wdldYfhys mhHxlfhka yeisfrhs' fmd<fjys Wvg tau
yd lsñ§u lrhs' fmd<j u; fuka c,h u; o hhs' uyd .sks cd,hl fuka ±,afjhs' ÿï

ouhs. uydfï>hla fuka iajYÍrfhka uydjdßOdrd j.=rejhs' hïjdß Odrdjlf.a

.e,Sfuka ;%siyi% uyd iyi% f,dal Od;= wÈma; fõo m%Èma;fõo .skafkka tlmacj,s;
jQfha yukq ,efí' uyd iDoaê we;s uydkqNdj iïmkak i|ysre mjd w;ska mrdu¾Ykh
lrhs' YÍrfhka n%yauf,dalh f;la mrdu¾Ykh lrhs’ jiÕ lrhs’ fyf;u ñksi;a nj
blau jQ msßisÿ jQ ÈjHuh fY%da; Od;=fjka iQCIu jQ o T,dßl jQ WNh Yìo wihs’ ÿr isá

ueis uÿrejkaf.a Yío mjd wfihs. ^fï ÈjHuh fY%da;dNs{djhs&

fyf;u wkaiFjhkaf.a wka mqoa.,hkaf.a is; yd is;=ú,s we;s ieáfhka olshs' úrd. is;
úrd. is; hehs we;s ieáfhka olshs' fodaI is; --- fodaI rys; fuday is; --- fuday rys;”
is; -- ilaf,aI is; --- kslaf,aI is; --w,am is; --- úmq, is; --- uyoa.; is; --- m%udK
is; --- ixCIs=ma; is; --- ^úia;S¾K is;& --- iudma; is; --- wx.rys; is; --- T,dßl is;"
T,dßl is; hehs h:dmßÈ ±k .kshs' fï mrÑ;a;{dkdNs{d jhs'

fyf;u wfkalúO jQ mQj_ksjdidkqiauD;s{dkh wkqiaurK lrhss' tla cd;shlao

wkqiaurKh lrhs' cd;s folla ;=kla i;rla myla oyhla" úiaila" ;syla" y;,syla
mkyla wkqiaurKh lrhs' wkHhkaf.a cd;Ska ^Wmam;a;Ska& ish .kklao ish oyia
.kklao" ixj¾; l,amho új¾k l,amho" wfkal jQ ixj¾; új¾; l,amhkao
wkqiaurKh lrhs' fï mQj_dksjdidkqiauD;s{dk wNs{djhs'
fyf;u ñksi;a nj blau jQ ÈjHuh weiska pq;jkakdjQ;a WmÈkakdjQ;a idj¾KjQ ÿ¾j¾K

jQ iq.; jQ ÿ.; jQ m%KS; jQ ySk jQ i;aFjhka olshs. l¾udkqrEmj .shd jQ i;aFjhka we;s

ieáfhka ±k.kshs' fï mskaj;a i;aFjfhda ldh ÿYapß;fhka iukajd.; jQfha jd.a

11
ÿYapß;fhka iukajd.; jQfha uy;a ÿYapß;fhka iukajd.; jQfha wd¾hhkag wmjdol jQ
ñ:HdoDIaá jQ ñ:HdoDIaá iudodk fya;=fjka ldnqka urKska miq iq.; iaj¾. ÈjH
f,dalfhys WmÈkq ,efí" hehs olshs' fufia ñksi;a nj blau jQ ihdldr jQ ksñ;s iys; jQ
i;AFjhka olshs' pq;jkakdjQo WmÈkakdjQo i;aFjhka h:dmßÈ olshs' fufia ñksi;a nj
blau jQ ihd;ka jQ ksñ;s iys; jQ iFjhka h:dmßÈ olshs'

fyf;u fï OHdk úfudCI iudë iudm;a;Skag meñfKa tajdhska ke.S isà' yqfola
fï iudë ioydu tfia iudëkag m;a fkdfõ˜33

y;rjk" miajk yd ihjk N+ñj,oS tkï w¾Ñiau;S iqÿ¾chd iy wNsuqÇ hk N+ñj,oS

fndaêi;ajhd iqúfYaI jYfhka fhduq jkafka wê m%{dj oshqKq lsrSugh'
y;rjkN+ñh"
tys mskaj;a ðkmq;% fndaêi;AFj f;fï w¾ÑIaau;s fndaêi;aFj N+ñh ,nd.ekSu;a

iu.u ;:d.; l=,fha oY{dk mßpl% O¾uhkays O¾u m%;s,uNkh msKsi

ixjD;a;jQfha fjhs' ta oyh ljf¾o h;a— wm%;Hqµj¾;H+dYh;djo, ;sr;akfNaµ m%ido

ksIaGd.uk;djo˜ ixialdfrdaojHh úNdjk;hdjo, iajNdjdkq;a m;HdYh;djo˜

f,dalm%jD;a;s ks¾jD;a;HdY h;djo l¾uNfhdamm;HdYh;djo—

ixidrksj_dKdYhd;djo" i;aFjfCI;% l¾udYh;djo mQj_dka;dmrdka;dYh;djo,

wNdjCIhdYh;djo, Nj;a ðkmq;% fndaêi;aFj f;fï fï oY {dk mßmpl

O¾uhkaf.ka iukajd.; jqfha ;:d.; l=,fhys tu O¾u m%;s,uN.kh msKsi

ixjD;a; jQfha fjhs' ta mskaj;a ðkmq;% fndai;a f;fï fï w¾Ñiau;S kï

fndaêi;aFj N+ñfhys msysáfha wOHd;auh lhska lh olsñka wNsOHdfodaukiai

f,dalfhays flf<ia ;jk úßh we;af;a iïm%cdkk jQfha iauD;su;a jQfha jdih

lrhs˜34

miajk N+ñh

—fyf;u oYÑ;a;dYh úY=oaê iu;djkago nei.kshs' ta oyh ljf¾o h;a˜ w;s; nqoaO
O¾u úY=oaOdYh iu;djo" wkd.; nqoaO O¾u úY=oaOdYh iu;djo —m%kHq;amkak ^j¾;udk&

12
nqoaO O¾u úY=oaOdYh iu;djo —YS, úY=oaOdYh iu;djo” Ñ;a; úY=oaOdYh iu;djo˜
oDIaáldxCI úu;s úf,aLdmk khk úY=oaOdYh;djo ud¾.dud¾.{dk úY=oaOdYh;djo”
m%;sm;a;sm%ydK{dk úY=oaOdYh;djo ij_fndaê mCIh O¾fuda;a;r úNdjk úY=oaêiu;djo”
ij_i;aFjmßmdpk úY=oaOHdYh iu;djo hk fï oY úY=oaê É;a;dYh hk fï oY
35
úY=oaêÑ;a;dYh iu;djkag nei .kshs'

ihjk N+ñ

—jc%.¾N fndai;a fufia lSh' mskaj;a cskmq;%jreks" hï hï miajk fndêi;aFj

N+ñfhys ukdj mrsmQ¾K ud¾. we;s fndai;a f;fï ihjk fndai;a N+ñhg nei
.kshs’ fyf;u oYO¾u iu;djkag nei.kshs ta oyh ljf¾o h;a fufiah’
ij_O¾uksñ;a; iu;dj" ij_O¾u ,CIK iu;dj" ij_O¾udkq;amdo iu;dj”
ij_O¾u wdcd; iu;djo" ij_O¾u ksñ;a; iu;djo" ij_O¾udêúY=oaê iu;dj”
ij_O¾uksIam%mCoap iu;djo" wdkdjHdyks¾jHqy iu;djo" i¾jO¾uud
hdiajmakm%;sNdimQ¾k iu;djo" wdkdjHdyk¾jHqy iu;djo" i¾j O¾uuhdia
jmakm%;sNdimQj_ Y%e;af;daolpJo%m%;síñn ks¾udK iu;dj o” ij_O¾uNdjdNdjdoH
iu;djo hk fï oY iu;djkag nei .kshs'˜35
—fï wNsuqÅ kï fndaêi;aFj N+ñfhys msysáhdjQ fndaêi;aFjhdg wj;drY=kH;a kï
iudëh yg.kq ,efì' iajNdj Y=kH;dj mrud¾:Y=kH;dj’’
mruY=kH;dj’’uydY=kH;dj ixm%fhda.Y=kH;dj wNsks¾ydr Y=kH;dj ---

h:djoúl,amY=kH;dj --- idfmaCI Y=kH;dj, úks¾Nd. wõks¾Nd. Y=kH;dj kï

iudêh yg.kq ,efí' Tyqg fufia m%uqL jQ oY Y=kH;d iudêuqL ish oyila
37
wNsuqL fjhs˜
fndaêi;ajN+ñ iQ;%fhys o wêm%{d úydr ;=kla i|yka lsrSfuka fuu wjia:dfõoS m%{dj
m%.=K lsrSug ysñ jk ;ek fl;rï jeo.;a o hkak meyeos,s fõ' ijk N+ñfhysoS l<
ish¨ lghq;= wjika lrk fndaêi;ajhdf.a ;;a;ajh w¾y;a Y%djlhl=f.a ;;a;ajhg
iudk nj fmfka'

13
—hfula fï õfudaCI uqL ;=k jvkafka wd;au ix{dfjka úrys;jQfha ldrl fõol
ix{fjka neyer jQfha NjdNj ix{dfjka neyer jQfha nyq, jYfhka uydlreKd
mqrialD;jQfha kQmka fndaOHdx. O¾uhkaf.a W;am;a;sh msKsi fhÿfKa fjhs'˜ 38
tfy;a w¾y;a ;;a;ajhg m;aùu fndaêi;ajhl=f.a wruqK fyda wNsm%dhh fyda fkdfõ'
fndaêi;ajhl= ;j;a bosrshg hd hq;=h' mQ¾Kúuqla;sh ,eîug kï w¾y;a ;;a;ajfhka
Tíng hd hq;=h' ijk N+ñhg m;ajk fndaêi;ajhd úuqla;h
s g wNsuqLj isákakl= muKs'
Tyq úuqla;shg uqyqK ,d isáh;a úuqla;sh idlaId;a lsrSug yelshdjla ke;' fuu N+ñhg
wNsuqÇ hk kduh fhdod we;af;a o th ksIaGdj wNsuqÅhg fndaêi;ajhl= m;alrk ksid
úh hq;=h'
w¾y;a Y%djlhl= ñfokafka laf,aYdj;rKhkaf.ka muKla hhs uydhdkslfhda woyia
lr;s' fuh mQ¾K úuqla;sh fkdfõ hhs o Tjqka ork woyih' mQ¾K jYfhka úuqla;sh
,eîug kï f{hdjrKhka o m%ySk l< hq;= h' th l< yelafla ;j bosrshg hEfuka
nqoaO;ajhg m;a ùfuks' N+ñ ixl,amh ixLHdj w;ska jeä fldg N+ñ ud¾.h wêYS,"
wêÑ;a;" wêm%{d kï jQ Y%djl ud¾.h wìnjd hkakla jYfhka oelaùu wjYH jQfha fï
fya;=fjks'
“jc%.¾N fufia lSh’ mskaj;a ðkmq;%jerks” hïfia fï fndai;a f;fï yhjk

fndaêi;aFj N+ñfhys ukdj mßmQ¾K fndaêi;aFj ud¾. we;af;a i;ajk

fndaêi;aFj N+ñhg meñfKhs' fyf;u ud¾.dka;r wdrïN úfYaIjQ oY Wmdh
m%{d{dk wNsksyD;hkag meñfKhs' ta oyh ljf¾o h;a" Y=kH;d wksñ;a;
wm%Ksy; iudê iqmÍNdú; ukiska hqla; jQfha uyd mqKH{dk iïNdr rdYshla
/ialrhs’ ish¨ O¾uhkaf.a ffkrd;auH ks(i;aj;djhg wj;S¾K jkafka i;rdldr
wm%udKhka jeãu w;afkdyßhs" mqKHO¾uhkaf.a tl;=jla jk mdrñ;djka
mqrkafka lsisÿ O¾uhla flfrys fkdwef,a' ish¨ ff;%Od;=lhkaf.ka fjkajQfha
tu ;%sOd;=j ia:dms; lrk w,xldr lrk l%shdjka lrhs’ ij_m%ldrfhkau WmYdka;
jQ fyf;u ish¨ flf,ia .sks ú,ska wE;a jQfha ish¨ i;aFjhkaf.au rd. fofõY
laf,aI .sks m%.ukh lsÍug lghq;= lrhs' ish¨ O¾uhka ks¾udK Ndj wNdj
iajNdjd§ oajJOhkaf.ka f;dr yqoq udhdjla usßÕ=jlA m%;sNdihla osfhys we;s pJø
m%;snsïnhla fodaxldrhla n÷ hehs wjfndaO lr.kakd fyf;u ish¨ l¾ul%shd

14
fNaohlska f;drj bgqlsÍfï leue;a; we;af;a fõ' wdldYh n÷jQ fCI;%ud¾.hkays
ukdj m%.=Klrk ,o is;a we;af;a nqoaOfCI;%hka ia:dms; lrk w,xldr lrk
l%shdjkays ksr; fõ’ ish¨ nqÿjrhskaf.a m%lD;sjQ O¾uldhg nei .kafka rEmldh
ia:dmkh lrk w,xldr lrk wkqjHCock ,CIK m%o¾Ykh lrkafka fjhs'
m%ldY l< fkdyelaldjQ Yíofhka yd f>daIdfjka úks¾uqla;jQ m%lD;sfhkau
Ydka;jQ ;:d.; f>daIdj uqodyßkafka ish¨ iajrdx.hkaf.a úY=oaO jQ w,xldrh
m%o¾Ykh lrhs’Nd.Hj;a nqÿjrekaf.a talCIK ff;%ld, ms<sno wjfndaOhg nei
.kafka i;aFjhskaf.a is;a ÈhqKq lsßu ioyd kdkd ,CIKhkaf.ka hq;a Tjqkaf.a
is;e.s j,g msúfihs’ fufia oYdldr jq Wmdh m%{{kdÈfhka iukaú; jq fndai;a

f;fï yh fjks N+ñfhys isg y;ajk N+ñhg msúfikafka hehs lshkq ,,efí'”39

fndaêi;aj N+ñ iQ;%fhys N+ñ yhla muKla .ek flfrk i|ykla o we;'
fuhska .uH jkafka tla wjêhloS kï jYfhka i|yka flfrkafka N+ñ yhla muKla o
hkak ksYaÑ; jYfhka lsj fkdyels njh' tmuKla fkdj fuu lD;sfhys tk
fndaêi;aj N+ñfhys m%Odk jYfhka i|yka flfrkafka N+ñ y;la muKla nj kï b;d
meyeos,s h' fuhska ksielfhka u .uH jkafka tla wjêhl oS N+ñ ixLHdj y;lg
muKla iSud ù ;snqKq nj h' ,xldj;dr iQ;%h o fï wdldrfhka N+ñ y;l ixLHdjla
olajhs' uyd jia;=fjkys N+ñ oyila kï flreK;a úia;r bosrsm;a flfrkafka N+ñ y;la
ms<sn|j h' fujka ish¨ lreKqj,ska meyeos,s jkafka Y%djl ksIaGdj tkï w¾y;a M,
m%dma;sh wìnjd fndaêi;ajhl= bosrshg hk nj fmkaùug tla wjêhloS N+ñ y;ska
iukaú; p¾hdjka ms<s.kq ,enqKq nj h'
N+ñ ixLHdj oyhla h hk u;h ;yjqre lsrSu i|yd iïmdos; oY N+ñl iQ ;%h
jqjo fï N+ñ y; ms<sn| ixl,amh oek isá nj tu iQ;%fha u flfrk i|yka u.ska
m%lg fõ' y;ajk N+ñhg m;ajk fndaêi;ajhd tys oS ish¨ u mdrñ;djka mrsmQ¾K;ajhg
f.k tk nj;a tu fndaêi;ajhdg rsis jkafka kï tu N+ñh wjidkfha ks¾jdKh
idlaId;a l< yels nj;a oY N+ñl iQ;%h olajhs'40
tfy;a fndaêi;ajhl=f.a m%KsOdkh mqoa., ks¾jdK idlaId;a lrKh wruqKq
fldg fkdmj;S' uydhdkh wkqj mqoa., úuqla;h
s idlaId;a l< yels jkafka l< hq;=
jkafka wka whf.a úuqla;sh i,id oSu u.sks' fï woyi biau;= fldg olajk oY N+ñl
iQ;%h mjikafka fndaêÑ;af;da;amdoh iu.u fndaêi;ajhl= wOHdY uy;auh fya;=fldg
f.k ish¨ u Y%djl m%f;Hl nqÿjreka wNsNjkh lrk njh'41

15
 lreKq fufia kï fuu p¾hdj ;j;a bosrshg f.k hd hq;=uh' tfia l<
yelafla uydhdkh u.ska oeäj wjOdrKh flfrk mrys;ldñ nj m%.=K lsrSfuks'
uydhdkh wkqj fndaêi;aj p¾hdj m%dfhda.sl l< yels jkafka fufia mrys;ldñ ùug
m%{dmdh hk .=Kdx.oajh fufyhùfuka muKs' tfia lrk ;=re fndaêi;ajhl= ish¨
laf,aYhka m%ySK lsrSug iu;a jkafka ke;' mdrñ;d mQrKh lsrSu ksid fï jk úg o
fndaêi;ajfhla ish¨ laf,aYhka y÷kdf.k isà' tfyhska fyf;u laf,aYhkaf.ka
= '42
fkd;ejf¾' tfy;a fya ish¨ laf,aYhka w;sl%uK lf<a hhs fkdlsj hq;h

oYN+ñ iQ;%h y;ajk N+ñh i,lkafka Y%djl ksIaGdj wìnjd mdrsY=oaO fndaêi;aj
p¾hdjg ixl%uKh jk wjia:dj f,i h' wgjk fndaêi;aj N+ñhg m;ajk fndaêi;ajhd
ish¨ f,!lsl ls%hdjkaf.ka Tíng .sfha fjhs' tfyhska fyf;u ish¨ laf,aY
fodaIhkaf.ka fkd;ejrefKa tajd w;sl%dka; lf<a fjhs' y;ajk N+ñfhayos S jqjo laf,aY
fodaIhka iu;sl%uKh lr we;s fia wixlaf,aY fjhs' tfy;a fyf;u wksYalaf,aYSh' ish¨
laf,aYhka yg fkd.kakd fyhska fyf;u wixlaf,aY h' ke;fyd;a laf,aY iys;
fkdfõ' tfy;a fyf;u wksYalaf,aYSh tkï mQ¾K jYfhka ksYaflayS fkdfõ' tfia
jkafka ta fndaêi;ajhd ;:d.; {dkh i|yd wNs,dIfhka isákd w;r tu wNsm%dh
mrsmQ¾K;ajhg m;aj fkdue;s fya;=fjks'43
wixlaf,aY iy wksYalaf,aY hkqfjka b;d ishqï fnoSula lr we;af;a o Y%djl
ksIaGdj wNsNjd ;j borshg fndaêi;ajhl= hd hq;=j we; hk woyi oeäj wjOdrKh
lrkq msKsi h'
“fï i;ajk fndai;a N+ñfhys isáhdjQ fndaêi;aFjhd ;jÿrg;a rd.dêm%uqL ish¨ flf,ia

iuQyhd w;sl%dka; lf<a fjhs’ fï ÿrx.u fndai;a N+ñfhys yeisfrk fndaOi;aFjhd

wixlaf,aI wkslaf,aI hehs o; hq;=h’ ta ljr fyhskao h;a” ta laf,aIhkaf.a meje;aula
ke;s fyhska laf,aI rys; hehs ^wixla,sIag& lsj hq;+h’ ;:d.;{dk wNs,dIfhka mßmQ¾K

wNsm%dh we;s neúka wkslaf,aIS jQfha hehs lsjhq;=h’' ( )

fufia ishqï úYaf,aIKhla fkdfldg N+ñ ixLHdj jeä lsrSu idOdrKShlrKh lsrSug o
bvla fkdùh' fï w;ska i,ld n,k l, y;ajk tkï ÿrx.ud kï N+ñh b;d jeo.;a
;ekla ork nj meyeos,s fõ' fuu N+ñh úia;r lsrSfï m%Odk wruqK ù we;af;a
fndaêi;a;aj Y%djl p¾hdjg jvd iEu wxYhlska u fYaA%IaG nj yqjd oelaùug h'

16
“fyf;u fufia uydNs{d{dkuqLmQrKh m%uqLfldg N+ñ mßfYdaOljQ iudê ish
oyilg meñfKa’ fyf;u Wmdh m%{dfjka mßfYdaê’; jQ lreKdn,fhka ,enqKdjQ
fï iudëkaf.ka Y%djl m%f;Hl" nqoaO N+ñka w;sl%uKh lf<a fjhs m%{d{dk
úpdrK N+ñhg wNsuqLjQfhao fõ'”45

—fï i;ajk N+ñfhys msysáhdjQ fndai;a f;fï yg úIh{dk uyd;ajfhka ish¨ Y%djl
m%f;Hl nqoaO l%shd blaujkafka fjhs'˜46
—úuqla;spJø fufia weiSh’ lskï N+ñhla u; msysgd fndai;a ksj_dKhg meñKsfhao@
jcq.¾N fufia ms,s;+re ÿkafkah' yhjk fndai;a N+ñh mokïfldg f.k fndai;a
ksfrdOhg meñfKa' fï i;ajk fndai;a N+ñfhys msysáhdjQ fndai;a ps;a;dCIKhla
Ñ;a;dCIKhla mid ksfrdaOhg meñfKa' ksfrdaoh iCId;a lf<a hehs fkdlsj hq;+h' Tyq ta
wÑka;H jQ ldh jdla ukia l¾ufhka iukajd.; hehs lshkq ,efí' hï;efkl fndai;a
f;fï N+;fldaá úydrfhka jdih lrhso ksfrdaOh idCId;a fkdlrhso th wdYap¾hls
mskaj;a ðkmq;%jerks hï oCI mqreIfhla uydid.r c,fhys ,CIK okafka mKaä;
jHla; kqjKe;s úuiSfuka uydid.rfha .s¨Kq keõo c,ho ±lSfuys oCIfõo tfiau fï
i;ajk fndai;a N+ñfhys isáhdjq fndaêi;aFjhd ij_{{dk uyd id.rhg wj;S¾K jQfha
mdrñ;d uydhdkfhys m;+,g nei.kafka N+; fldaá úydrfhka jdih lrhs' ksfrdaOh
idCId;a fkdlrhs'˜47

—mskaj;a cskmq;%h" fñ fndaêi;aFjhdf.a wgjeks wp,d kï {dkN+ñh hehs lshkq

,efí' ish¨ f,dal{dkFjfhka myiqfjka t<ôh fkdyels N+us hehs lshkq ,efí'
wkjOHFjfhka l=udrN+ñ hehs lshlq ,efí' kej; lsrSug ld¾hhla fkdue;s
neúka mßksIam;ak N+ñ hehs lshkq ,efí' ukdj lrk ,o {dkúphFjfhka
mßksIaá; N+ñ hehs lshkq ,efí' iajNsks¾ y;m%KSOHdkFjfhka ks¾udKN+ñ hehs
lshkq ,efí' mrdúfldam;Fjfhka wêIGdkN+us hehs lshkq ,efí' mQj_dka;
wNsks¾y;Fjfhka wkdfNda. N+us hehs lshkq ,efì'˜48
m%Odk N+ñ yhg miqj tla lrkq ,enqK N+ñ y;r u.ska w¨;a hula m%ldY
flfrk njla olakg ke;' we;a; jYfhka u fuu N+ñ y;r ñka m%lg flfrk Bg
l,ska we;s N+ñj,oS m%.=K lrk ,o .=Kdx.u ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh lrhs'

17
 N+ñ ixLHdj oyh olajd jeä lsrSfï oS tl, m%p,s;j mej;s oY mdrñ;d
ixl,amh bjy,a jqKq nj meyeos,s h' tfy;a fufia tla lrk ,o mdrñ;d ixl,amh
bjyka jqKq nj meyeos,s h' tfy;a fufia tla lrk ,o mdrñ;d y;frka ;=klau tkï
m%KsOdk n, iy {dk mdrñ;d ;=k u.ska fndaêi;a;aj p¾hdjg w¨;ska lsisjla tla
flfrkafka ke;' fndaê Ñ;af;da;amdohg wu;rj m%Kodkh mdrñ;djla jYfhka kï
lsrSu yqfola mqkrela;shla n÷h' ù¾h mdrñ;djg wu;r n, mdrñ;dj;a m%{d mdrñ;djg
wu;rj {dk jYfhka mdrñ;dj;a tl;= lsrSu N+ñ ixLHdj jeä lsrSug ork ,o t;rï
id¾:l ke;s W;aidyhla fia ie,lsh yelsh'
fï W;aidyh lsishï ÿrlg fyda id¾:l ù we;af;a Wmdh ke;fyd;a Wmdh
fl!Y,H mdrñ;dj fuu ie,eiaug tl;= lsrSu fya;=fldg f.k h' we;a; jYfhka u
fndaêi;a;ajhl= Y%djl ksIaGdj miq lr fndfyda bosrshg hk hd hq;= whl= nj yqjd
oelaùug WmldrS ù we;af;a fuu mdrñ;dj h' fndaêi;a;ajhd mqoa., úuqla;sh mrÿjg
;nd wka wh úuqla;sh lrd fhduq lsrSug f.k hEug lemjqKq mrd¾:ldñ W;a;ufhlah
hkak wjOdrKh lsrSug fuu mdrñ;dj fnfyúka jy,a ù we;' uydhdkfhys bosrsm;a
flfrk fndaêi;aj ixl,amfha iqúfYaI ,laIKh o fuh h' Y%djl ke;fyd;a w¾y;a
ksIaGdj mqoa., úuqla;sh flakaøsh fldg mj;skafka hehs t,a, flreKq fpdaokdj jvd;a
idOdrKSlrKh lsrSug uyd lreKd .=Kh m%dfhda.slj Wmfhda.S fldgf.k ish¨ I;a;aj
úuqla;sh we;s lsrSug fndaêi;a;ajhl= iu;a jk nj fmkaùug fï Wmdh fl!Y,H
mdrñ;dj mrsmQ¾K;ajhg m;a lsrSu w;sYhskau jeo.;a jk nj oYN+ñl iQ;%h u.ska
;yjqre lrkq ,en we;'
________________________

mdol igyka

1' Edgertaon, F., Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Vol.II,
p.446,Motilal, Banarisidass, Delhi, 1993
2. Santiva, Perter, Della, The Tree of Englightenment, p.187, Taiwan, Corporative
body of the Buddha Education Foundation, 1999
3. ucCêuksldh" I 246, nqoaO chka;s ixialrKh kdyx NsCLfj wdosflfkj
w[[drdOkx jodñ' wmsp NsCLfj wkqmqnnisFjd wkqmqnnlsrshd wkqmqnnmámod
w[[drdOkd fyd;s'˜
4. Pali-English Dictionary (PTS) “Bhumi”
5. Endo, T. Buddha in Theravada Buddhism, p.264,Systematic print, Nadimala,
1997.

18
6. Hirakawa, Akira, A History of Indian Buddhism, From Sakyamuni to Early
Mahayana p.263, Delhi, Moatilal Banarisidass, 1993.
7. Encyclopadea of Buddhism, Vol. III,p.80, The Government of Ceylon, Colombo,
1973.
8. Edgertaon, F., Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Vol.II,
p.279,Motilal, Banarisidass, Delhi, 1993
9. Encyclopadea of Buddhism, Vol. III, p.74, The Government of Ceylon, Colombo,
1973.
10. Bapat, P.V. 2500 Years of Buddhism, p.82, Government of India, Delhi, 1956
12. Encyclopadea of Buddhism, Vol. III,p.81, The Government of Ceylon, Colombo,
1973
13. Encyclopadea of Buddhism, Vol. III,p.78, The Government of Ceylon, Colombo,
1973
14. Encyclopadea of Buddhism, Vol. III,p.80, kak Har Dayal f.a Bodhisattva
Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature ,p.275. “This Treatise mention bhumis to
which it doesen‟t assign any name”. 1973
15. fndaêi;a;ajN+ñ kï lD;sh ms<sn|j úpdrd;aul we.hqula i|yd n,kak
Encyclopadea of Buddhism, Vol. III,p.233, The Government of Ceylon,
Colombo, 1973
16. Har Dayal, f.a.Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature, p.283
17. fï tla tla N+ñfha wka;¾.;h ms<sn| úia;rhla oYN+ñl iQ;% mrsj¾;kfha olajd
we;'
18. Encyclopadea of Buddhism, Vol. III, p.283, The Government of Ceylon,
Colombo, 1973
19. Endo, T. Buddha in Theravada Buddhism, p.268, Systematic print, Nadimala,
1997.
20. -Ibid- p.268
21. -Ibid- p.267
22. -Ibid-p.268
23. Har Dayal, Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature, p.167.
24. -Ibid- p.168

19
25. Endo, T. Buddha in Theravada Buddhism, p.271, Systematic print, Nadimala,
1997.
26. úia;r i|yd n,kak Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature, p.171
27' n,kak Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature,
Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, “Gotrabuhu” p.283
28. f.da;%N+ ;;a;ajfha isá wfhla kjjk wrshmqoa.,hd jYfhka ie,fl;s' n,kak
Buddhist Dictionary by Nanatilaka, p.60 Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, “Gotrabhu”
29. 2. Vaidya,P.L., Dasabhumikasutram,
Buddhist Sanskrit Texts – No.7, The Mithila Institute Post-graduate Studies and Research
in Sanskrit lerning, Darbhangha, 1967

oYN+ñl iQ;%h mS' t,a' ffjoHf.a ixialrKh 133 ms y;ajk N+ñh .ek úia;r
lrk oYN+ñl iQ;%fha fufia i|yka fõ' úuqla;s pkao% wdy' l;udx N+ïuqmdodh
fndaO#i;afjd ksfrdaOx iudmoHf; jc%.rAN wdy
IIaáx fyda cskmq;% fndaêi;ajN+ñuqmdodh fndaOsi;fjd ksfrdaOx
iudmoHf;' wiHdx mqk( ima;uHx fndaOsiFjN+fu! m%;sIaGsf;d
fndaêsi;aFjYa ps;a;CifK ps;a;CifK ksfrdaOx iudmoHf; p
jHq;a;IaGf; p k p ksfrdaO( idCId;a lD;s b;s jla;jHx

30. -tu- ms

31' -tu - ms
32' -tu - ms
33' -tu - ms
34' -tu - ms
35' -tu - ms
36' -tu - ms
37' -tu - ms
38' -tu - ms
39' -tu - ms

40' oYN+ñl iQ;%h mS' t,a' ffjoHf.a ixialrKh 133 ms y;ajk N+ñh .ek úia;r
lrk oYN+ñl iQ;%fha fufia i|yka fõ' úuqla;s pkao% wdy' l;udx N+ïuqmdodh
fndaO#i;afjd ksfrdaOx iudmoHf; jc%.rAN wdy
IIaáx fyda cskmq;% fndaêi;ajN+ñuqmdodh fndaOsi;fjd ksfrdaOx
iudmoHf;' wiHdx mqk( ima;uHx fndaOsiFjN+fu! m%;sIaGsf;d
fndaêsi;aFjYa ps;a;CifK ps;a;CifK ksfrdaOx iudmoHf; p
jHq;a;IaGf; p k p ksfrdaO( idCId;a lD;s b;s jla;jHx

20
41' tu 132 ms'
iyÑ;af;da;amdfok i¾jY%djlm%f;HlnqoaOdksNsNj;HdxYh uyd;afuHk
42' tu 69 ms
i tmdx iudêkduqmdhm%{d iqmrsfYdaê;dkx m%;s,ïNdka
uyd lreKd nf,k jd;sl%df;d Nj;s Y%djl-m%f;Hl-nqoaON+ñx wNsuqLYap Nj;s
m%{d{dk úpdrKd N+fï'
43' tu 13 ms'
m%:udx N+ïuqmdodh fndaêi;a;aj( mdñ;dhdkdNsreVs
i¾jc.okqúprka ixlaf,aY fodaIdka m%cdkd;s k p
ff;¾fodaffi¾,smHf; iuH.aud¾.dNsrev;ajd kj ;dj;a iu;sl%dka;
i¾jc.;a ixlaf,aYfodaIdka jla;jH(

44' tu 131 ms'

fidiHdx iqrx.udhdx fndaêi;aj N+fu! Prka fndaêi;afjd ixlaf,aYdksYalaf,aY
b;s
jla;jH( ;;aliaud;a! wiquodpdrd;a i¾jlaf,aYdkdx kixlaf,aY b;s jla;jH(
;:d.;{dkdNs,didomrsmQ¾KdNsm%dh;ajdÑp k ksYalaf,aY b;s jla;jH(

45' tu ms'

46' tu ms'
47' tu ms'
48' tu ms'

45. Vaidya,P.L., Dasabhumikasutram,

Buddhist Sanskrit Texts – No.7, The Mithila Institute Post-graduate Studies and Research
in Sanskrit lerning, Darbhangha, 1967

21