G P A Standard 8195-95

Tentative Standard for

Converting Net Vapor Space Volumes to
Equivalent Liquid Volumes

Reprinted 1997- 1998

Gas Processors Association

6526 East 60th Street
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74145
 GPA 8195-95
Errata Sheet
September 1~ 1999

Please note the following errata in GPA Publication 8195-95:

_Page 4 - Equation 5.7

The equation should read: f = 0v / (G x 8.3372)

Pa~e 5 - Table 5.1

Upper portion of the table - Column (a) - all liquid volume percents should move up one
space to be:
C2 3.00
C3 95.00
IC4 0.50
NC4 1.50

Middle portion of the table - all components listed in the leit most column should move
up one space so that N2 corresponds with a critical temperature of-232.51, CO2
corresponds with a critical temperature of 87.75, etc., etc.

Page 7 - Figure 6.2 - F Factor Determination

The bottom line on the graph represents 0.45 relative density.

The second line up from the bottom represents both the 0.425 and the 0.475 relative
densities.

The third line up from the bottom represents 0.400 relative density.
 DISCLAIMER

GPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiring
to do so. Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and reliability of the information
contained in its publications. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws
and regulations should be reviewed. It is not the intent of GPA to assume the duties of employers,
manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train employees, or others exposed, concerning health
and safety risks or precautions.

GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby
expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the
violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for
any infringement of letters of patent regarding apparatus, equipment, or method so covered.
 TENTATIVE STANDARD FOR CONVERTING NET VAPOR SPACE VOLUMES
TO EQUIVALENT LIQUID VOLUMES
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this standard is to present practical
field methods for determining net deliveries of
LPG, raw make, and NGL into or out of closed
pressurized containers such as rail cars, barges,
and transport trucks, by applying net vapor space
corrections to the indicated liquid volumes from
level measurements.
1,2 Products to which this method may be applied
include commercially available LPG's and NGL's
(raw make, E/P mixes, propane, P/B mixes,
butanes, natural gasolines, etc.). The intended
application relative density range is 0.4 to 0.65.
2.0 SUMMARY
2.1 Two options for determining net delivery are
included. Method I covers calculations when only
relative density, temperature, pressure, and gross
liquid volume indications are known.
Compressibility corrections are determined using
inputs from lookup graphs or tabular data.
2.2 Method 2 for determining net delivery may be
used when product composition (liquid volume %)
is known and the vapor compressibility factor is
calculated using the Pitzer-Curl equation, or
another generally recognized correlation.
2.3 Either method may utilize hand calculations and
the forms in Appendix A, or the user may develop
PC spreadsheet applications discussed in Section
5.2.
3.0 PRECAUTIONS
3.1 This method is limited to products in the relative
density range of 0.4 to 0.65.
If the product is a raw make and composition is
3.2
not available, the compressibility corrections may
have a higher uncertainty than a fractionated
mixture such as E/P with the same relative
density. It is estimated that the additional
uncertainty for raw make may be as great as
+/- 1% of net delivery for high vapor pressure
products.
3.3 It is estimated that results derived from
compressibility correction curves instead of
calculating corrections by a PC program may add
an additional uncertainty of +/- 0.5% of net
delivery for pressures up to 280 psia. For
pressures above 280 psia, the uncertainty may
increase.
3.4 This method is limited to product temperatures of
-40 Deg. F to 140 Deg. F.
3.5 Methods for determining gross volumes, relative
density, pressure, temperature, and composition
are not covered by this standard.
4.0 DEFINITIONS
4.1 Compressibility factor - A factor usually
expressed as "g" which gives the ratio of the
actual volume of gas at a given temperature and
pressure to the volume of gas when calculated by
the ideal gas law at that same temperature and
pressure:
4.2 Critical pressure - The pressure necessary to
condense a vapor at its critical temperature.
4.3 Critical temperature - The highest temperature at
which a fluid can exist as a liquid. Above this
temperature, the fluid is a gas and cannot be
liquefied regardless of the pressure applied.
4.4 LP-gas (liquefied petroleum gas)- Predominantly
propane or butane separately or in mixtures which
are maintained in a liquid state under the pressure
within the confining vessel.
4.5 NGL (natural gas liquids) - Natural gas liquids are
those hydrocarbons liquefied at the surface in field
facilities or in gas processing plants. Natural gas
liquids include ethane, propane, butanes and
natural gasoline.
Raw mix'liquids - A mixture of natural gas liquids
4.6
prior to fractionation. Also called "raw make".
4.7 Temperature correction factor - A factor for
correcting volumes to that occupied at a specific
reference temperature. The reference temperature
most commonly used in the U.S. petroleum
industry is 60°F.
5.0 CALCULATION OF NET VAPOR CORRECTION
FACTOR (F) FROM COMPOSITION (METHOD 2).
5.1 Given the attached Table 5.1, calculate columns
and totals as required.
5.2 Properties for n-heptane may be used for C6+ R=80.27 for density in lb/gal, t in °F and P in psia.
when other properties are not available. All
needed data are in the GPSA Engineering Data 5.8 The net vapor correction factor is then calculated
Book or GPA 2145, with the exception of the as:
vapor volatility factor. That factor may be derived
from GPSA Engineering Data Book convergence f= Pv
pressure K values. However, the same volatility G 8.3372 5.7
factors may be used in all applications without
Where G is the 60°F relative density of the fluid.
significant differences in results. The
recommended minimum application of the
6.0 PROCEDURE FOR METHOD 1
compositional method would be to use the factors
given in Table 5.1. Using the following
6.1 With known relative density and temperature, B
relationships, the user may develop a PC program
and F factors are obtained from Figures 6.1 and
utilizing commercially available spreadsheet
6.2.
software to calculate data similar to Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 may be used to verify such programs.
6.2 The vapor correction is then calculated from
the following equation:
5.3 Given composition in liquid volume %, multiply:
(a)x(b)x(c)=(d)
(e)=(d)/sum of (d) f= PF
(g)=(e)x(f) 1-BP 6.1
Vapor molecular weight, MWv= Sum(g)
7.0 EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Vapor critical temperature, Te= Sum((e)x(h))
Vapor critical pressure, Pc= Sum((e)x(i))
7.1 Vapor space correction factor calculation from
Vapor acentric factor, co = Sum((e)x(j))
composition, see Table 5.1:
5.4 Calculate reduced temperature at conditions:
G = 0.510
t = 60°F
T r = t + 459.67
Po = 130 psig (observed press = 130 psig, atm
T e + 459.67 5.1
press = 14.7, P = 144.7 psia)
f = 0.04179
5.5 Calculate reduced pressure at conditions:

7.2 Vapor space correction factor calculation for

Pr•P composition in Table 5.1 from Charts. Use
Pe 5.2
attached charts, Figure 6.1 and Figure 6.2, to
5.6 Calculate the vapor compressibility factor using determine the values of F and B corresponding to
the Tsonpoulous virial 1 equation: 60°F relative density of the fluid and the product
temperature.
B0 = 0.1445 - 0.330/T r - 0.1385/Tr2 - 0.0121/Tr3 5.3
B = 0.00112
F = 0.000238
B 1 = 0.073 + 0.46/T r - 0.50/Tr2 - 0.097/T 3 - 0.0073/Tr8 5.4
7.3 Calculate opening and closing vapor correction
Z = 1 + (B 0 + co B1)Pr/T r 5.5
factors from the following equation:
5.7 The vapor density is then calculated from the
equation: f= PF
1-BP 6.1
Pv = P MWv
f = 0.0411
R(t + 459.67)Z 5.6

1Tsonpoulous, C., "An Empirical Correlation of Second Virial Coefficients", A.I.Ch.E. Journal 20(2), pp. 263-272 (1974).

4
 Table 5.1
Calculation of Vapor Space Correction Factor From Composition

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

Volatility (a x b x c) (d/sum of d) Molar (e x f)
Component Liq Vol% Ft3/Gal Factor Vap Frac Mass Weighted MW
N2 91.413 95 0 0.0000 28.013 0.000
CO2 58.807 7.6 0 0.0000 44.010 0.000
H2S 74.401 2.9 0 0.0000 34.080 0.000
C1 59.135 16 0 0.0000 16.043 0.000
C2 37.476 3.6 404.741 0.1043 30.070 3.136
C3 3.00 36.375 1 3455.625 0.8903 44.097 39.261
i-C4 95.00 30.639 0.43 6.587 0.0017 58.123 0.099
n-C4 0.50 31.790 0.3 14.306 0.0037 58.123 0.214
i-C5 1.50 27.393 0.12 0 0.0000 72.150 0.000
n-C5 27.674 0.09 0 0.0000 72.150 0.000
C6+ 24.371 0.02 0 0.0000 86.177 0.000
Total 100.00 3881.259 42.710

(e) (h) (i) 0) (e)x(h) (e)x(i) (e)x0)

Critical Critical Acentric Weighted Weighted Weighted
Component Vap Frac Temp Press Factor Crit Temp Crit Pres Acen Fac
(Tc) (Pc) (m)
0.0000 -232.51 492.8 0.0372 0.0 0.0 0.0000
N2 0.0000 87.75 1069.5 0.2667 0.0 0.0 0.0000
CO2 0.0000 212.45 1300.0 0.0948 0.0 0.0 0.0000
H2S 0.0000 -116.67 667.0 0.0104 0.0 0.0 0.0000
C1 0.1043 90.09 707.8 0.0979 9.4 73.8 " 0,0102
C2 0.8903 205.97 615.0 0.1522 183.4 547.6 0.1356
C3 0.0017 274.46 527.9 0.1852 0.5 0.9 0.0003
i-C4 0.0037 305.58 548.8 0.1995 1.1 2.0 0.0007
n-C4 0.0000 369.03 490,4 0.2280 0.0 0.0 0.0000
i-C5 0.0000 385.77 488.1 0.2514 0.0 0.0 0.0000
n-C5 0.0000 451.80 439.5 0.2994 0.0 0.0 0.0000
0.0 0.0 0.0000
C6+
Total 194.4 624.3 0.1468
G 0.5100 (60°F/60°F)
t 60°F
Observed Pressure 130.0 psig
Atmospheric Pressure 14.7 psia
p 144.7 psia
Tr 0.7946
Bo -0.5143
B1 -0.3794
Pr 0.2318
Z 0.8337
Pv 0.1777 Ib/gal
f 0.041794

5
 Figure 6.1
B Factor Determination
(B x 1,000)

10.00

9.00

8.00

7.00

6.00

0
0
0
,.: 5.00
X

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Product Temperature (F)

6
 Figure 6.2
F Factor Determination
(F x 10,000)

4.50 I I l ;

7
I I i
,
I
i
I
i
I
L
I
~
I
,
i i
T , ~
!
i
t : l;, i
I I I
,
--- 0.650
t I i I I i I I 1 I J , 1 1 , : 1

l I I i I I
-- 0.625
I I l I 1
t f I , I , I I I u
T-"T---- -- "''"r~ - - - -
i I i I t I I I i l 0.600
I I I t
I l
I I I I 5 I
IRelative Density 0 0.575
, , I I I ,

4.00 (60°F/60°F)
i t i I I I .L 0.550
II
I
t '
I
I t & 0.526

• 0.500

0.475

3.50 3C O.45O

)!C 0.425

0.400

0
0
o
o 3.00
X

2.50
I I
i___L
I
I
.+--.--.
I
l

2.00
i
.'T"--'?
I t
I I
I I
'...__!'
I I I t
I I
I I I I
i I

I t I I
I I
I I I I
I I
I I t I
i t
I I I I
I

1.50
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Product Temperature (°F)
Note to above Fi_eure:
The bottom line on the graph represents 0.45 relative density.
i The second line up from the bottom represents both the 0.425 and 0.475 relative densitites.
LThe third line up from the bottom represents 0.400 ~lative density.
8.0 NOMENCLATURE 9.0 REFERENCES

t = temperature (°F) G P A Standard 2155 Table o f Physical Constants of

Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Other Components of
Pv = vapor density (lb/gal) Natural Gas

G = relative density at 60°F (the ratio of

G P S A Engineering Data B o o k
the mass o f a unit volume of a
material at 60°F to the mass o f the
same volume o f gas free distilled G P A 8173
water at 60°F)
Appendix A - E x a m p l e Forms
Tr = reduced temperature
Appendix B - Method Used to Construct Charts
= vapor compressibility factor

Bo = algebraic variable for calculation

o f vapor compressibility factor

B1 = algebraic variable for calculation

o f vapor compressibility factor

MW V = vapor molecular weight (lb/mole)

P = pressure (psia)

Po = observed pressure (psig)

Tc = critical temperature (°F)

F = algebraic variable

B = algebraic variable for calculation

of vapor compressibility factor

R = gas constant = 80.27 (psia-gaD

(Ib-mol°R)

Pr = reduced pressure

o) = acentric factor

f = vapor correction factor

Pe = critical pressure (psia)

V.H.E.F. = Vessel Historical Experience Factor

R.O.B. = Remaining on Board

O.B.Q. = On Board Quantity

 Appendix A Example Forms

NET LIQUID VOLUME CLASSIFICATION SHEET

T Y P E OF V E S S E L DATE
VESSEL IDENTIFICATION
WATER CAPACITY BBLJGAL.
PREVIOUS CARGO
LOCAL AVERAGE ATMOS. PRESSURE

RECEIVED DISCHARGED
INITIAL FINAL INITIAL i FINAL
1 VESSEL GAUGE
GROSS LIQUID VOLUME BBL BBL BBL BBL

(FROM VESSEL STRAPPING TABLES) GAL GAL GAL GAL

3 OBSERVED TEMPERATURE (OF)

4 OBSERVED PRESSURE (PSIG)
5 OBSERVED RELATWE DENSITY
6 RELATIVE DENSITY 60/60°F
(ASTM Table 23 or GPA 2142 Tab.2)*
7 VOLUME CORRECTION FACTOR
(ASTM Table 24 or GPA 2142 Tab.l)
LIQUID VOLUME @ 60°F BBL BBL BBL BBL

(2 x 7) GAL GAL GAL GAL

BBL BBL BBL

VAPOR VOLUME BBL

GAL
(WATER C A P A C I T Y - 2) GAL GAL GAL

10 B - ALGEBRAIC VARIABLE I I ; I
11 F - ALGEBRAIC VARIABLE I ; I I
12 VAPOR TO EQUIVALENT LIQUID FACTOR (f)
(DETERMINE FROM METHOD 1 OR 2)
I ; I I
13 EQUIVALENT LIQUID VOLUME BBL BBL ~L BBL
GAL GAL GAL GAL
@ 60°F (9 X 12) I i I
BBL BBL BBL
14 TOTAL LIQUID VOLUME @ 60°F BBL

GAL GAL GAL GAL

(8 + 13) t:{:!:{:!:i:
i>;!iiiiiiiitii~i~!~ii!~i~!~i!i~i!i!i{ii
t~i~t~t~~{~!!!
~i!i{i'~:i::::i !i!!~i~ii~.~i~it::t~:~
t i:~:~{!~ ~]i:i~i!i!::~i
!i.i.i:!i:i!
15 NET LIQUID VOLUME - RECEIVED
@ 60°F (14 FINAL-14 INITIAL) iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!liiiiiii!iiiiii
!iiiiiiiili!ii!i!!!
BEFORE LOADING O.B.Q. BBL
16
GAL
(14 INITIAL)
BBL
17 NET LIQUID VOLUME-DISCHARGED
GAL
@ 60°F (14 INITIAL-14 FINAL)
BBL
18 R.O.B. AFTER UNLOADING
GAL
(14 FINAL)

* In the absence of measured relative density, use actual liquid relative density.

A-1
All volumes corrected to 60°F

Vessel Identification Load Date Load Location

Order Number Discharge Date Discharge Location

Loaded Quantity (Cargo

Certificate)

Bbls.Net (1) Vessel at Load Location

(2) Bbls. After Loading

(3) Bbls. Before Loading O.B.Q.
(4) Bbls. Received
Received vs.LoadedDifference V.H.E.F.
(4) - (1) = Bbl. Adjusted Bbls.

Net Difference Vessel In-Transit Difference

(8) - (1) = Bbl.
(5) - (2) = Bbls.
(8) - (1) x 100 = % R.O.B.Difference
(1) (3) - (6) = Bbls.

Unloaded vs. Discharged

Difference
(8) - (7) = ~ Bbls.

Vessel at Discharge Location

(5) Bbls. on Arrival
(6) Bbls. R.O.B.
(7) Bbls. Discharged
V.H.E.F.
Adjusted Bbls.

Unloaded Quantity
(8) Net Bbls.

Reconciliation by Product
Ship to Vessel to
Received Vessel
Load Location Discharge Location Loss/Gain Loss/Gain Comments
(8)- (1) (7)- (4)
Loaded Received Vessel Unloaded
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Bbls % Bbls. %
Product (1) (4) (7) (8)

Totals

A-2
 Sample Calculation

NET LIQUID VOLUME CLASSIFICATION SHEET

TYPE OF VESSEL Rail Car DATE 9/16/93

VESSEL IDENTIFICATION WRNX 1993
WATER CAPACITY 30,900 GAL.
PREVIOUS CARGO Propane
LOCAL AVERAGE ATMOS. PRESSURE 14.73 psia

RECEIVED DISCHARGED
INITIAL FINAL INITIAL FINAL
1 VESSEL GAUGE 0% 90% 92% 0%
2 GROSS LIQUID VOLUME BBL BBL BBL BBL

(FROM VESSEL STRAPPING TABLES) 00AL 27,810 GAL 28,428 o ~ 0 GAL

3 OBSERVED TEMPERATURE (OF) 90 70 80 70

4 OBSERVED PRESSURE (PSIG) 190 120 125 100
I I I
5 OBSERVED REI.ATIVE DENSITY NIA .502 .494 N/A
I I I
RELATIVE DENSITY 60/60°F •510 .510 .510 .510
(ASTM Table 23 or GPA 2142 Tab.2)*
I I t
VOLUME CORRECTION FACTOR N/A .9838 .9670 N/A
(ASTM Table 24 or GPA 2142 Tab.l)
BBL BBL BBL
LIQUID VOLUME @ 60°F BBL

(2 X 7) 0 OAL 27,359 G~ 27,490 GAL 0 c,~

BBL BBL BBL
VAPOR VOLUME BBL

(WATER CAPACITY - 2) 30,900 GAL 3,090 ~AL 2,472 CAL 30,9006AL

10 B - ALGEBRAIC VARIABLE I .00095 .00105 I .00100 .00105
11 F - ALGEBRAIC VARIABLE I .000228 !1 .000235 I .000230 tl .000235
12 VAPOR TO EQUIVALENT LIQUID FACTOR (f)
(DETERMINE FROM METHOD 1 OR 2) .05795 .03688 .03736 .03065
13 EQUIVALENT LIQUID VOLUME BBL BBL BBL BBL

@ 60°F (9 X 12) 1,791 aAL , 114 aAL , 92 ~AL , 947 GAL

BBL BBL BBL
14 TOTAL LIQUID VOLUME @ 60°F BBL

(8 + 13) 1,791 ~ 27,473 o ~ 27,582 OAL 947 GAL

:::i:i:i:i:i:!:!:!~:i:~:~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:~:!:~:~:~:!:i:i:i:~:~:~!~:~:!(~:~`~:~.:i!~:~i~!
NET LIQUID VOLUME - RECEIVED
iiiiiiiiiii!ii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
iiiiiill
BBL
15
@ 60°F (14 FINAL-14 INITIAL) 25,682 CAL
BEFORE LOADING O.B.Q. • BBL
16
(14 INITIAL) 1,791 CAL
BBL
17 NET LIQUID VOLUME-DISCHARGED
26,635 GAL
@ 60°F (14 INITIAL-14 FINAL)
BBL
18 R.O.B. AFTER UNLOADING
(14 FINAL) 26,635 ~AL
F

* In the absence of measured relative density, use actual liquid relative density.

A-3
 Appendix B
Method Used to Construct Charts

The charts in Figure 6.1 and 6.2 were constructed using the procedure for calculating F and B from composition with an assumed
composition. The fluid was assumed to be a blend of the two normal paraffins which have relative densities nearest the target
relative density. For example, a fluid having a relative density of 0.450 is assumed to be a blend of ethane and propane only. The
composition was then adjusted until the relative density calculated using the COSTALD liquid density method matched the target
value. The final compositions used to construct the charts are given in Table B.1.

Composition in LV%
Relative
Density_
(60/60) Ethane Propane n-B utane n-Pentane n-Hexane
0.400 70.95 29.05
0.425 54.37 45.63
0.450 37.79 62.21
0.475 21.21 78.79
0.500 4.60 95.40
0.525 76.60 23.40
0.550 44.10 55.90
0.575 11.70 88.30
0.600 66.00 34.00
0.625 13.00 87.00
0.650 42.30 57.70

Table B.1 Compositions Used to Construct Charts

This construction method introduces additional uncertainties in the calculated factors for blends containing iso-paraftins or wide
boiling blends. During the development of this standard, a comparison of the f factors calculated using the chart and composition
methods for several raw make compositions was made. The differences between the two calculation methods were less than one
percent of the net delivery for all cases investigated.

B-1
0