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Hijab and Choice enecon Politics nd Thelory How women des in publics ax ony a prominent marker of Musi ‘emt, i now one of the mow contested sss among Muslims Ha*—efned by class juries 4 Muslire womans day to covee all pats of er hod apa frm bands and face im public ad im the presence of unelted men’—is now regated a a cena lamic man ‘Site. But what exacdy docs “over” mean? Ace particular forms of| ‘ress prescribed? Most the hae be cover? Who haste right define the form and limits of covering? Do women tenets have any choice imeis? Does the state have the ight wo define jab, wo enforce oF 10 tan Since the ninetcemb century hes ses have been a majo sie of| ‘eolicalstraggle Been the forces of tational and modernity the Muslim world. With the resurgence of slam a5 poltial and Spiritual force in the 1960, chey became an arena wheve Islamist and (mins dicourses and chetoric have clashed heaton. Plieal Iara and its gan of sseturn wo Shania” tured ja io a sybol of a ‘since Moshi idety and a claim to religious authenticity. For I Jamis, ab is religous mandate that defines women’ lace in oe ey and protects them from being erated a8 sex objects. Foe feminists ‘on the other hand, hi sa symbol of eppuession pteachal man ddce that denies Muslim women the basic ight to cont thee own dies and to choose what t0 wear Hiab wb Choce 198 nil he early 29908, the debate over bib remained polemic, ‘mosioal and a hosage 0 iden pti and the feacy of colonia ‘sm There was litle dalogve berween adherens ofthe ro postions ‘ac side judging the other's poston and arguments by own dogmas fd frames of celerance lms fie to produce any new oe sig ‘ant jristic arguments, nd cher policy of imposing ib in counties whet they gained power, ike lan and Sadan ere met ih pment resistance. A the same time the ways in which some Masi women ‘were finding ab empowering, and were making a conscious choice t9 ‘Mle it, undermined the force of fant objections, Tete were also Sent of the emergence of new dicoure hia 263 Masi wom fn right and eamensus developed among reformist sli Hnkers that elected the following: wearing o not wearing hija isa mater of personal belie and imposing or fanning ie a wiolation of womens human righ Aste language of choice and ight crept inthe tees of fhe dete began to change. New justi arguments and positions were advanced Inch chapter examin, rom acta eminst perspec the vor Jucon of debates nd ris positions oni in lan eal radon bein by examining the assumptions that undediethe alin on hi in clanacl jurisprudence (gh) the, pocted to show how these a umprons have bees eprodaced, challenged and redefined in conten porary eel discoarac. I do this with ference to ean, where pliticl [slam had its bigges success in 1973, and whe is now one ofthe p= sary sts of neuritic arguments and postions on hi, Lconelude by exploring the implication of these debates developments for extab- lishing common ground beeween Miami and feminist discourses on h- [ab, and forthe polities of novation i ami egal adion. HIJAB IN CLASSICAL FIQHE: “cOWERING™ (Clasico texs— leas the gente hat ses out rains b> am). or what we can cll "postive law*—contain no expt ratings ‘on womens dre, nor on how women should appear in pubic® They {bo not use the ten hab and they use sir (covering © discuss the tse of dees fr bts men and women, bu only in wo conzexts: Fst, ‘lings for covering the body during prayers, and second, alings that over a man's"gare” at a woman prior to marape ‘Theres are minimal, bu clearcut. Daring peayer, both men and women must cover tee ‘uta, rei private pares forme, this the fare beeween knees and nel, but foe women i meats all ares ofthe body apart tom hands, et ad face. Reza de "aaze," ii forbid

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