CONTENTS

ABOUT CEAT ………………………………………………………………………………… 1

TYRES-THEIR CONSTRUCTION ………………………………………………………….. 4

THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS ……………………………………………………….. 9

Raw Materials 9

Banbury Mixing 11

Tread Extrusion 14

Calendaring 16

Bias Cutter 18

Band Building 20

Bead Winding 22

Tyre Building 23

Tyre Curing 26

BREAKER OFF CENTERING ………………………………………………………………. 28

Introduction 28

Possible Causes 30

Analysis of causes 31

Canvas Shift 32

Tension Bar Alignment 33

Canvas Perimeter 34

Tension bar knurling worn out 36

Off centered loading of the breaker bobbin 37

Step-OFF 40

Breaker Off Centre at bias cutter windup 42

CONCLUSIONS ………………………………………………………………………………. 44

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………… 44