Column To install unit operations in a Column subflowsheet, press F4 or F12 to access the Model Palette. ‘The unit operations available within the Column subflowsheet are listed in the following table. Operation Category Types Vessels 3-Phase Condenser, Partial Condenser, Reboiler, Separator, Total Condenser, Tower Heat Transfer Equipment Cooler, Heater, Heat Exchanger Rotating Equipment Pump Piping Equipment valve Logicals Balance, Digital Pt, PID Controller, Selector Block, Transfer Function Block Most operations shown here are identical to those available in the main flowsheet in terms of specified and calculated Information, property view structure, and so forth, Note: Only the operations which are applicable to a Column operations are available within the Column subflowsheet. There are also additional unit operations which are not available in the main flowsheet. They are: Condenser (Partial, Total, 3-Phase) + Reboller + Tower ‘The Bypasses and Side Operations (side strippers, pump arounds, and so forth) are available on the Side Ops page of the Column property view. Note: You can open a property view of the Column PFD from the main build environment. This PFD only provides you with the ability to modify stream and operation parameters. You cannot add and delete operations or break stream connections. These tasks can only be performed in the Column subflowsheet environment, The Condenser Unit Operation ‘The Condenser is used to condense vapor by removing its latent heat with a coolant. In HYSYS, the condenser is used only in the Column Environment, and is generally associated with a Column Tower ‘There are four types of Condensers: Condenser Type Description Partial Feed Is partially condensed; there are vapor and liquid product streams. The Partial Condenser can be operated as a total condenser by specifying the vapor stream to have zero flowrate. ‘The Partial Condenser can be used as a Total Condenser simply by specifying the vapor flowrate to be zero. Total Feed is completely condensed; there is a liquid product only. ‘Three-Phase - Chemical There are two liquid product streams and one vapor product stream. ‘Three-Phase - Hydrocarbon There Is a liquid product streams and a water product stream and one vapor product stream When you add a Column to the simulation using a pre-defined template, there can be a condenser attached to the tower (for example, in the case of a Distillation Column). To add a Condenser: In the Column environment, press F4 or F'12 and select a Condenser icon from the Column Palette. ‘The Condenser property view uses a Type drop-down list, which lets you switch between condenser types without having to delete and re-install a new piece of equipment.When you switch between the condenser types, the pages change appropriately. For example, the Connections page for the Total Condenser does not show the vapor stream. If you switch from the Partial to Total Condenser, the vapor stream is disconnected, If you then switch back, you have to reconnect the stream, ‘The Condenser property view has the same basic five tabs that are available on any unit operation: + Design + Rating + Worksheet + Performance + Dynamics It is necessary to specify the connections and the parameters for the Condenser. The information on the Dynamics tab are not relevant in steady state. Condenser Design Tab ‘The Design tab contains options to configure the Condenser. Condenser Connections Page On the Connections page, you can specify the operation name, as well as the feed(s), vapor, water, reflux, product, and energy streams. ‘The Connections page shows only the product streams, which are appropriate for the selected condenser. For example, the Total Condenser does not have a vapor stream, as the entire feed is liquefied. Neither the Partial nor the Total Condenser has a water stream. ‘The Condenser is typically used with a Tower, where the vapor from the top stage of the column is the feed to the condenser, and the reflux from the condenser Is returned to the top stage of the column. Condenser Parameters Page The condenser parameters that can be specified are + Pressure Drop + Duty Subcooling Data Note: It is better to use a duty spec than specifying the heat flow of the duty stream. Pressure Drop ‘The Pressure Drop across the condenser (Delta P) is zero by default. It is defined in the following expression P= P, =P, = Pheea —AP a esse! pressure pressure of vapor product stream P= pressure of liquid product stream Pees = pressure of feed stream to condenser AP = pressure drop in vessel (Delta P) Note: You typically specify a pressure for the condenser during the column setup, in which case the pressure of the top stage is the calculated value. Duty ‘The Duty for the energy stream can be specified here, but this is better done as a column spec (defined on the Monitor page or Specs page of the Column property view). This allows for more flexibility when adjusting specifications, and also introduces a tolerance. Note: If you specify the duty, it is equivalent to installing a duty spec, and a degree of freedom is used. ‘The Duty should be positive, indicating that energy is being removed from the Condenser feed. ‘The steady state condenser energy balance is defined as Hyeca — Duty = Hoapor + Hiiguia @ where Heed = heat flow of the feed stream to the condenserHyapor = heat flow of the vapor product stream Hiquis = heat flow of the liquid product stream(s) SubCooling In some instances, you want to specify Condenser SubCooling. In this situation, either the Degrees of SubCooling or the SubCooled Temperature can be specified. If one of these fields is set, the other is calculated automatically. Note: In steady state, SubCooling applies only to the Total Condenser. There is no SubCooling in dynamics. Condenser Estimate Page On the Estimate page, you can estimate the flows and phase compositions of the streams exiting the Condenser. You can enter any value for fractional compositions, and click the Normalize Composition button to have HYSYS normalize the values such that the total equals 1. This button is useful when many components are available, but you ‘want to specify compositions for only a few. HYSYS also specifies any compositions as zero. HYSYS re-calculates the phase composition estimates when you click the Update Comp. Est. button, Clicking this button also removes any of the estimated values you entered for the phase composition estimates. Click the Clear Comp. Est. button to clear the phase compositions estimated by HYSYS. This button does not remove any estimate values you entered. You can clear the all estimate values by clicking the Clear All Comp. Est. button, Condenser User Variables Page ‘The User Variables page enables you to create and implement your own user variables for the current operation. Condenser Notes Page ‘The Notes page provides a text editor where you can record any comments or information regarding the specific unit operation, or your simulation case in general Condenser Rating Tab The Rating tab contains options that are applicable in both Steady State and Dynamics mode Condenser Sizing Page The Si ing page contains all the required information for correctly sizing the condenser. You can select either vertical or horizontal orientation, and cylinder or sphere. You can either enter the volume or dimensions for your condenser. You can also indicate whether or not the condenser has a boot associated with it. If it does, then you can specify the boot dimensions. Condenser Nozzles Page The Nozzles page contains information regarding the elevation and diameter of the nozzles. The information provided in the Nozzles page is applicable only in Dynamic mode. Condenser Heat Loss Page ‘The Heat Loss page allows you to specify the heat loss from individual sections in the Tower. You can choose either a Direct Q, Simple, or Detailed heat loss model or no heat loss from the Heat Loss Mode group. Direct Q Heat Loss Model The Direct Q model allows you to either specify the heat loss directly, or have the heat loss calculated from the Heat Flow for the condenser. Simple Heat Loss Model ‘The Simple model allows you to calculate the heat loss from these specified values: + Overall U value + Ambient Temperature Detailed Heat Loss Model The Detailed model allows you to specify more detailed heat transfer parameters. See the HYSYS Dynamic Modeling section for more information on the detailed heat loss model. Condenser Level Taps page The information on this page is relevant only to dynamics cases. Since the contents in a vessel can be distributed in different phases, the Level Taps page lets you monitor the level of liquid and aqueous contents that coexist within a