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10 10A passive: be + past participle + Youcan often say thingsin ewo ways, in the active or inthe passive Josephine Cochrane invented the dishwasher, (active) The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane. (passive) + Intheactive sentence, the focusis more on Josephine ochrane. + Inthe passive sentence the focusis more on the dishwasher, + You can also se the passive when it isn't known or isn't Pres im | is | are + past participle se) Kevlar is used to make bullet-proof vests. E) Tippexisn’ used very much today. {2)_ Are disposable nappies used all over the world? Past: was / were + past participle important who does or did the action. [E]_Thedishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane. My car was stolen last week. EE] Windscreen wipers weren't invented until 1903. Volvo carsare made in Sweden [2]. When was the washing machine invented? + Useby to say who did the action. The Lord ofthe Rings was written by Tolkien 10B used to / didn't use to (PD used tor usualy? used toonly exists in the past. For habits in the present, use usually + present simple, NOT use-to usually cook in the evenings. NOT use to.cook in the evenings. When Iwas. child, Lused to playin the street. @a3)) My brother used to have very long hair. [Children didn’t use to watch much TV when my father was young. My daughter didn’cuse o like vegetables, but now she loves them. Did you use to wear auniform at school? Yes, di. Did you use to like your teachers? No, [didn't + Use sed to didn’t use to + verb to talkabout things that happened repeatedly or were true fora long period of time in the past, but are usually not true now, e.g. things that happened when you were a child, ‘+ used to [didn't use to is the same for all persons. ‘+ Instead of used to you can use the past simple with an adverb of frequency. When Iwasa child, [often played in the street. 10C might / might not (possibility) SO anal ‘You can also use may instead of might for possiblity, eg. We may have a picnic tomorrow. may not go to the party. We might have picnic tomorrow, bucit depends onthe weather. @)50)) She might come with us, ut she's not sure yet. I might not goto the party. havent decided yet You mighe not see him today He's coming home late. + Use might / might not + verb (infinitive without fo) to say that perhaps you will or won't do something. ‘We ight havea picnic tomorrow.~ Perhaps we will have a picnic tomorrow. ‘+ might | might notis the same forall persons. ‘+ might nots not usually contracted. 10A a Complete with present or past passive. ‘The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889. (complete) 1 Many of the things we use every day by women. (invent) Inthe UK most children in stare schools. (educate) by Captain Cook in 1770. (discover) ‘This morning up by the neighbour's dog. (wake) Cricket in the summer in the UK. (play) 6 Thesongs on this album 7 Nowadaysa lor of toys, 2 3 Australia 4 5 last year. (record) in China. (make) GRAMMAR BANK 'b Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning, with the highlighted words, Shakespeare wrote Hailet in 1603, ‘Hanlet was written by Shakespeare in 1603, Jonathan Ive designed theiPod and theaPhone. Most Mediterranean countries produce olive Herschel discovered Uamii in 1781. Barry Sonnenfeld directed the.Men ii Black fils. David Hockney painted Mead Mes Clark Pevey in 1970-1971 6 Elvis Presley didn’ write BlueSuede'Shoes 8 Carols are songs which atChristmas. (sing) 7 JK Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books. 9) These birds innorthern Europe. (not usually see) 8 They make Dathiatsu(eats in Japan. 10 ‘Rome inaday. (nor build) < p76 10B 1b Make sentences with used to, didn’t use to, or @ Look at how John has changed. Write five sentences about how he was IN THE PAST. He used to be slim. did... use to? (2) you/ have long hair Did you use to have long hair? 1B my sister | hate maths, but she loves it now 2 where {you { work | /like vegetables when Iwasa child 4 (2 what [you [doin the summer holida you were young 5 Bl The British / drink a lot of coffee 6 © this building / bea cinema when l Jong hair. 7 DD your brother / teach here 2 lasses 8 EI] bea Manchester United fan 3 abeard 9D Jeff havea motorbike 4 football 10 G telegeams | bea way of sending important 5 aie, messages

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