St

udygui
def
orObl
iCon

1.El
ement
sofobl
i
gat
ion

a.Act
iveSubj
ect

b.Passi
veSubj
ect

c.Pr
est
ati
on

d.Ef
fi
cientCause

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Page77ofPar
as

2.Requi
sit
esofav
ali
dpr
est
ati
on

a.i
tmustbepossi
ble,
phy
sical
l
yorj
uri
dical
l
y

b.i
tmustbedet
ermi
nat
eoratl
eastdet
ermi
nabl
eaccor
dingt
opr
e-est
abl
i
shedel
ement
s

orcr
it
eri
a

c.i
tmusthav
epossi
bleequi
val
enti
nmoney

*itisagener
all
yaccept
edpr
inci
plet
hatpr
est
ati
onshoul
dbesuscept
ibl
eopecuni
ary
appr
eci
ati
on

i
i
.Ef
fi
cientcause-maybear
elat
ionest
abl
i
shedbyl
aw,
bybi
l
ater
alact
s;orbyuni
l
ater
al
act
s

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3.Whatar
ethesour
cesofobl
i
gat
ion

UnderAr
t1157ofNCC,
Obl
i
gat
ionsar
isef
rom:

a.l
aw

b.cont
ract
s

c.quasi
-cont
ract
s

d.act
sorommi
ssi
onspuni
shedbyl
aw

e.quasi
-del
i
cts
Sour
ce:NewCi
vi
lCode

4.Whati
saut
onomyofwi
l
lincont
ract
s

Obli
gat
ionsar
isi
ngfrom cont
ract
shavet
hef
orceofl
aw bet
weent
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esand
shoul
dbecompliedwit
hingoodfait
h

I
tpr esupposesthatt hecontractisvali
dandenf orceabl
e.Theter msoft hecontr
act
shoul
dt heref
orenotbecont r
arytolaw,morals,goodcustoms,publi
cpoli
cyorpubl i
corder.I
f
thecontractdoesnotv i
olateanyoftheseli
mitati
ons,i
tshouldbegivenef
f ect
,notwit
hst
anding
theabsenceofanyl egalprovi
sionattheti
meitwasent er
edintowhichgovernsit
.

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5.WhataretheCHARACTERI
STI
CSOFAQUASI
-CONTRACT t
hatdi
sti
ngui
shi
tfr
om  Cr
ime,
orQuasi
-del
i
ctorCont
ract
?

Theactgivi
ngri
setoquasi
-cont
ractmustbel
awf
ul,t
her
ebydi
sti
gui
shi
ngi
tfr
om cr
ime
i
nwhi
chtheactorommissi
oni
sunlawful
;

Itmustbevol
unt
ary
,thusdi
ffer
ent
iat
ingi
tfr
om quasi
-del
i
ctwhi
chi
sbasedonf
aul
tor
negl
i
genceormerel
ackoff
oresi
ght
.

I
tmustbeuni
lat
eral
,todi
sti
ngui
shi
tfr
om cont
racti
nwhi
cht
her
ear
etwopar
ti
eswho
comei
ntoanagr
eement
.

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6.Whatar
ethepr
inci
pal
kindsofaquasi
cont
ract

a.negot
ior
um gest
io(
unaut
hor
izedmanagement
)

Thistakes pl
ace when a per
son v ol
unt
ari
ly t
akes char
ge ofanot
her
’s
abandonedbusi
nessorpr
opertywit
houttheowner
’saut
hor
ity

b.sol
uti
oni
ndebi
ti(
unduepay
ment
)

Thi
stakespl
acewhensomethi
ngi
sr ecei
vedwhenther
eisnori
ghtt
odemandi
t,
andi
twasundul
ydel
iver
edthr
umist
ake.Ther
eci
pienthasthedut
ytoret
urni
t.

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as

7.Whaati
sthegener
alr
ull
ereci
vi
lobl
i
gat
ionsar
isi
ngf
rom cr
imi
nal
off
enses?

Asagener
alrul
e,wheneveracr i
minalacti
onisi nst
it
uted,t
heci
vi
lact
ionf
ort
heci
vi
l
l
i
abi
l
ityi
sal
soimpl
iedl
yinst
it
utedtoget
herwiththeciv
ilacti
on

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8.Whati
sincl
udedi
nci
vi
ll
iabi
l
ityorobl
i
gat
ionsar
isi
ngf
rom cr
imi
nal
off
enses

I
tincl
udes:

a.r
est
it
uti
on

b.r
epar
ati
onofdamagecaused

c.i
ndemni
fi
cat
ionf
orconsequent
ial
damages

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as

9.Whati
sthebasi
sofci
vi
ll
iabi
l
ityi
nquasi
-del
i
ct

Li
abil
ityforquasi-
delictisfoundeduponani ndisputablepr
inci
pleofequity;namel y,t
hat
faul
tornegl igencecannotpr ej
udiceany oneelsebesi dei t
sauthor,andi nnocaseshoul dits
consequencesbebor nebyhi m who,wi thoutwil
lorcauseonhi sparyt,becomest hev i
cti
m of
ther esult
s,orsuf fersthehar m producedbysuchf aultornegli
gence.Mani sr esponsiblenot
onlyf orhisvoluntarywill
fulacts,executedconsciouslyandi nt
enti
onall
y,butalsof orthoseacts
performedwi thlackofforesight,care,anddil
igence,whi chcausematerialhar
mt osocietyorto
otheri ndi
viduals.

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10.Whati
sthedi
ff
erencei
nobl
i
gat
ionsar
isi
ngf
rom quasi
-del
i
ctandcont
ract
?

11.I
nquasi
del
i
ct,
canaper
sonbehel
dli
abl
efort
heactorommi
ssi
onofanot
herper
sons?

Theobli
gat
ionar
isi
ngf
rom quasi
-del
icti
sdemandabl
enotonlyf oronr
e'sownact
sor
ommissi
ons,butalsot
hoseofperonsf orwhom oneisresponsi
ble.Seepages89-90of
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