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NMP Brochure Bio PDF
NMP Brochure Bio PDF
N-Methylpyrrolidone
Storage and Handling
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction 3
Handling Precautions 4
Health and Physical Hazards 5
Transportation, Storage and Handling 6
Equipment 10
Cleaning Storage Tanks 11
Physical Properties and Compatibility 12
Biodegradability and Aquatic Toxicity 16
Analytical Procedures 18
2
Introduction
3
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
Handling Precautions
4
Health and Physical Hazards
Toxicity and First Aid Measures First Aid Measures General Personal Protection Data
Acute Overexposure Effects Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. When handling NMP, the following
Contact with the liquid results in moderate Wash affected areas with soap and water. personal protective equipment should be
eye irritation and may cause temporary If irritation develops, get medical attention. used: butyl rubber or FEP Teflon ® gloves,
corneal clouding. Skin contact results in Launder contaminated clothing before reuse. and safety glasses with side shields.
mild irritation. Prolonged skin contact may Eyes: Wash eyes immediately with running Depending on use, boots, aprons and
result in redness and dermatitis. Inhalation water for 15 minutes. If irritation develops, chemical splash goggles with full face
of the vapors of NMP results in respiratory get medical attention. shields may also be required. Following
irritation. Accidental ingestion of the liquid use, gloves should be rinsed with water
Ingestion: If swallowed, dilute with water, and discarded.
causes gastric disturbances; nausea and and induce vomiting immediately. Never
vomiting may result. give fluids or induce vomiting if the victim If vapors or mists are generated,
is unconscious or having convulsions. wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved organic
Chronic Overexposure Effects
Get immediate medical attention. vapor/mist respirator.
In animal studies in rats and mice, NMP
was embryotoxic by the oral and intraperi- Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Aid in Safety showers and eyewash fountains
toneal routes at very high dose levels which breathing, if necessary, and get immediate should be easily accessible to operating
were close to the LD50. In the dermal medical attention. personnel.
exposure study with rats, NMP was only Toxicology Test Data
embryotoxic at the high dose level; this Exposure Limits
There are no PELs (permissible exposure Extensive toxicology data exist for
effect was attributed to maternal toxicity. N-Methylpyrrolidone. Refer to your
Several inhalation studies in rats did not limits) established by OSHA for NMP.
Occasionally, PELs are updated; therefore, supplier’s MSDS for the most up-to-date
reveal any indication of maternal toxicity or information.
embryotoxicity. In a 2-year inhalation study, refer to your supplier’s Material Safety
NMP did not cause any life-shortening or Data Sheet (MSDS) for the most accurate
carcinogenic effects in rats at 0.004 or and up-to-date information.
0.4mg/l (10 and 100 ppm, respectively).
Testicular effects were seen after oral and
inhalation exposure at high dose levels
in animal studies.
5
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
Rail Car Unloading 3. Open the standpipe cover and verify 9. For pump unloading, use centrifugal
The following information is for top unloading that the standpipe valve is in the closed or positive displacement pumps.
and is provided without guarantee, as position. Remove the blind-flange and 10. Check for leaks at all hose/transfer
the actual conditions of unloading and assure that the flange surface is clean. line connections.
handling may vary. 4. In order to inspect and sample the 11. Open all valves in the transfer line
shipment, remove any pressure by and the tank inlet valve.
BASF Corporation does not recommend
opening the vent valve. 12. If a pump is used for unloading, follow
unloading N-Methylpyrrolidone through the
5. Loosen each bolt on the dome cover the same procedure until the pump is
bottom valve of the rail car for safety and
and loosen the cover, but do not primed and pumping. Then reduce
environmental reasons.
remove the bolts until you are sure the nitrogen pressure to 1 to 3 psig.
General car is vented. 13. Once the rail car is empty, close all
Assure that the recommended personal 6. Connect the unloading line to the flange valves on the product discharge line,
protective equipment is used before pro- of the standpipe using a new gasket. tank car and storage tank.
ceeding with the unloading operation. See As an alternative to a rigid unloading arm 14. Secure the nitrogen source.
section “Health and Physical Hazards” on utilizing swivel joints, a metal-braided Disconnect at the nitrogen inlet and
®
Page 5 of this brochure for recommendations. butyl rubber or Teflon -lined transfer relieve the pressure on the tank car.
hose can be used. 15. Before releasing the empty rail car,
Unloading procedure
7. If a stainless steel flex-hose is used, close the dome cover assuring that
1. Chock the wheels of the rail car. it is recommended that a ball valve be the cover gasket is in place and all
Attach a certified grounding cable to installed between the standpipe outlet bolts are tightened. Verify that the vent
the frame of the car. See Table 1 on and the flex-hose. valve and standpipe are in the closed
Page 10 for recommended ground 8. If pressure unloading is preferred, position.
resistances. connect a nitrogen supply hose to the 16. Supervise the entire unloading operation
2. Compare the rail car number with vent valve of the car. Apply 15 to 20 with responsible operating personnel.
the bill of lading to ensure the proper psig nitrogen to tank car. Once the
shipment is to be unloaded. above pressure is reached, slowly open
the standpipe or unloading arm valve.
To Process
Figure 1: Rail Car Unloading
Filters
Manway
Ground Flame
Arrestor
Nitrogen
Pad Supply
Tank Car
Manway
Dike Dike
Drain
Pump-Motor
Car Track Temperature
Ground
Ground Ground Gauge Tank Ground
Sump 3 Grounds
To Sludge Level Indicator/
eq. spaced
Sewer Transmitter
6
Transportation, Storage and Handling
Tank Truck Unloading Unloading procedure 7. Open the internal valve and then the
The following information is for unloading 1. Chock the wheels of the tank truck. external valve and check for leaks.
N-Methylpyrrolidone and is provided without Attach a certified grounding cable to 8. Open all valves in the transfer line and
guarantee, as the actual conditions of the frame of the truck. See Table 1 the tank inlet valve.
unloading and handling may vary. on Page 10 for recommended ground 9. Start the unloading pump. Monitor the
resistances. liquid level in the tank truck. Check for
General
2. Compare the trailer number with the possible leaks at the transfer hose
Assure that the recommended personal bill of lading to ensure that the proper connections.
protective equipment is used before pro- shipment is to be unloaded. 10. The entire unloading operation should
ceeding with the unloading operation.
3. If required, record the current product be supervised continuously by the
See section “Health and Physical Hazards”
temperature as shown on the built-in responsible operating personnel.
on Page 5 of this brochure for
dial thermometer. 11. Once the unloading is completed,
recommendations.
4. Open the manway. Lack of proper close the internal valve first and then
Hose requirements ventilation can result in damage to the the external valve.
For the transfer of N-Methylpyrrolidone, tank truck. 12. Secure the transfer pump and close
it is recommended that a stainless steel 5. Assure that the internal and external all block valves in the transfer line.
flex-hose of a minimum inner diameter valves are in the closed position. Place 13. Disconnect the unloading hose and
of two inches or a steel-braided butyl a spill pan underneath the outlet nozzle. place the cap over the product outlet.
®
rubber or Teflon -lined hose be used. It is Carefully remove the cap from the Cap the open ends of the transfer hose.
recommended that product transfer hoses product outlet nozzle of the compart- 14. Close the dome and tighten all bolts.
equipped with “dry disconnect couplings,” ment, and inspect for cleanliness. Clean the dome and discharge area.
instead of conventional quick disconnects, 6. Remove the caps from the unloading Dispose of all product collected from
be used. This type of coupling reduces hose. Connect the unloading hose cleaning or from the spill pan. Do not
product losses or spillage significantly, to the tank truck outlet. Prepare pump discharge into waterways or sewage
should accidental disconnection of coupler for unloading. systems.
and adapter occur, or when disconnecting
the hose after product transfer.
To Process
Figure 2: Tank Truck Unloading
Filters
Manway
Flame
Arrestor
Nitrogen
Pad Supply
Manway
Dike Dike
Drain
Pump-Motor
Temperature
Transfer Ground
Truck Dike Gauge Tank Ground
Ground Hose Sump 3 Grounds
To Sludge Level Indicator/
eq. spaced
Sewer Transmitter
7
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
8
Transportation, Storage and Handling
9
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
Equipment
Tanks ASTM A53 seamless pipe with gasketed Pressure and Vacuum Relief
NMP can be handled in carbon steel, flanges is preferred. Polytetrafluoroethylene Storage tanks should have a pressure-
stainless steel or nickel equipment. (PTFE) machined or envelope-type gaskets vacuum relief vent to prevent the buildup
Aluminum is suitable for NMP service are suitable up to 500° F (260° C) depending of pressure as NMP is charged into and
at ambient temperatures only. Storage at on manufacturer’s recommendation. withdrawn from the tanks. A conservation-
ambient temperatures will not affect Flexitallic® type gaskets should be used type safety vent is advisable. A properly-
NMP. Cool storage conditions and at higher temperatures. However, schedule sized emergency venting device is
light-colored paint on tanks decrease 80 pipe with 3,000 lb. screwed forged essential to prevent injury to personnel or
evaporative losses. fittings, assembled without pipe dope and damage to the tank if a fire occurs.
back welded, is acceptable also. All non-
Either vertical or horizontal tanks are suit- Testing
back welded, screwed connections should
able for bulk storage and may be located The bulk storage system, tanks and piping
be sealed with a PTFE thread sealant.
indoors, outdoors or underground. Location should be hydrostatically tested for leaks
of the tank should be in a protected area Flanged 150 psi rated carbon steel gate
before introducing NMP. Upon completion of
and in compliance with governmental valves are recommended. Carbon steel
the test, displace the water with nitrogen and
regulations and engineering practice ball valves may also be used. Avoid brass
dry thoroughly prior to charging with NMP.
regarding storage of bulk liquids. The tank or bronze valves. A wedge ring of PTFE or
should be sized 1.5 times larger than the Kalrez® is preferred for valve stem packing. Ground Requirements
maximum normal amount received. Hoses Each part of the NMP bulk handling
Tanks should be equipped with top and system— tanks, pumps, hoses, platforms,
Stainless steel metal-braided hoses have
side manways. Provisions should be made tank cars and tank trucks—should be
proved satisfactory for handling NMP. For
for a 2-inch diameter or larger flanged electrically grounded to a ground rod or
special applications, PTFE or polyethylene
bottom outlet, as well as top connections other approved grounding system. This
metal-braided hoses may also be used.
for fill pipe, level gauge, emergency vent helps avoid static electricity buildup
and a conservation vent. Dry nitrogen Pump during solvent pumping operations.
blanketing of storage tanks is the preferred Centrifugal or positive displacement Wire jumpers should be installed at swing
method of moisture control. The dry nitro- pumps are satisfactory for use with NMP. joints and other locations to provide an
gen blanket is maintained at a slightly For clean solvent service, canned motor unbroken low-resistance ground circuit.
positive pressure by regulating valves so pumps have been used, providing a leak-
Recommended ground resistances are
that all air is excluded. This will minimize free environment from the pump.
shown in the following table:
rusting of the tank interior, which could
cause discoloration of the NMP. Typical Table 1:
unloading and storage arrangements are
Maximum Allowable
shown in Figures 1 and 2. Service Resistance, Ohms Grounding
Tank foundations should be in accordance Motors—Hazardous areas 3 Grounding wire in conduit
with accepted engineering practices and with circuit connectors
codes. Most states have diking regulations.
Be sure to check into state and local Tanks and vessels 2–5 Cable to establish ground
regulations governing the diking of areas Pipelines with flammables 2–5 Driven rods, cables
surrounding NMP storage tanks.
Tank cars and rails 2–5 Driven rods, cables
Piping Adequate grounding is required for drum-loading stations, including both the drums and
Storage tanks should be equipped with conveyor. The minimum size for grounding cable should be AWG No. 4
a fill pipe that extends to within 4 inches
of the bottom to prevent static electricity
charges from forming. The dip pipe should
be provided with a gas bleed hole near the
top of the dip pipe to act as a siphon break.
10
Cleaning Storage Tanks
If it is necessary to clean or repair an NMP The interior of the tank can be cleaned by
storage tank, all traces of the solvent, both brushing down the side walls from top to
liquid and vapor, should be removed from bottom and removing all debris. As an aid
the whole system including the pumps, to cleaning, either trisodium phosphate or
piping and associated equipment. First, sodium carbonate can be used in concen-
the solvent is drained. Then, the entire trations of 0.5 lbs. per gallon of water.
system is rinsed thoroughly by filling and Chemical goggles and gloves should be
draining several times with water. After the worn during this procedure. The cleaning
last water is drained, the entire system is solution can be flushed out with water.
purged with air. Before bringing the system back on
Before performing maintenance that is stream, it should be tested hydrostatically
likely to produce sparks (welding, wire for leaks. Upon completion of the test,
brushing, etc.) the atmosphere in the tank displace the water with nitrogen and dry
and its immediate vicinity should be thoroughly prior to charging with NMP.
checked with an explosimeter to ensure
there are no explosive mixtures present.
Cleaning the tank from the outside is
preferred. But, if it is necessary to enter the
tank, the following additional precautions
should be taken, and OSHA Code
29CFR1910.146 should be observed.
1. All piping to the tank is to be
disconnected or capped.
2. A positive flow of fresh air is to be
provided to the tank.
3. Tank oxygen content is to be tested
prior to entry and monitored while
personnel are inside the tank.
4. Tank atmosphere is to be rechecked
with an explosimeter for explosive
mixtures.
5. Personnel entering the tank must have
a safety rope and wrist straps attached.
The other end of the rope must be
tended constantly by personnel outside
the tank who will keep personnel inside
the tank under observation at all times.
Adequate additional personnel should
be nearby if assistance is required to
withdraw individuals from the tank.
11
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
12
Physical Properties and Compatibility
1000
Figure 4: Vapor Pressure
p/mbar Antoine Constants for In p = A - B
(C + t)
p in bar
100 t in °C
A= 10.2671
B= 4290.30
C= 214.11
0.1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
t/°C
13
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
NMP is a widely used industrial solvent for Table 5: Determination of Resin Unmodified alkyd (phthalate) resins °
natural and synthetic plastics, waxes, resins Solubility in NMP Phtalopal PP
®
°
and various types of paints. It dissolves (according to DIN 55955) Phtalopal NP ®
°
polymers, such as cellulose derivatives, Cellulose derivates °
Cyclohexanone resins °
polyamides, polyimides, polyesters, poly- Cellulose nitrate °
°
®
Laropal K80
styrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chlo- Cellulose acetate °
ride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl Cellulose acetobutyrate ° Urea resins °
° °
®
acetate, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, Ethyl cellulose Plastopal
polyethersulfones, polysulfones, polyethers °
Chlorinated rubber ° Melamine resins
and many copolymers (see Table 4). Luwipal ®
°
Vinyl chloride rubber °
Table 4: Solubility of Plastics in NMP Phenolic resins °
at Ambient Temperatures Vinyl chloride copolymers °
Polyvinyl chloride ° Thermosetting acrylic resins °
Polyethylene –
° °
®
Laroflex MP ®
Larodur
Polypropylene –
°
®
Lutofan 200L Epoxy resins °
Polystyrene + Vinyl chloride vinylacetate copolymers °
Styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer + Vinyl chloride maleate copolymers ° Modified alkyd resins °
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polymer +
Polyvinyl acetate ° Natural resins °
Polymethyl methacrylate + Rosin °
Polyvinyl chloride + Polyvinyl ethers ° Ester gum °
Polyamide – (+ at 200°C) Polyacrylonitrile ° Manila copal °
Polyurethane % Shellac °
Polyacrylates °
Polycarbonates % (+ at 80°C)
Acronal 4 F ° Drying oils °
Polychloroprene + °
° Linseed oil
®
Acronal 700L
Polytetrafluoroethylene – Lumitol ®
° Tung oil °
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone + Luprenal ®
° Linseed oil stand oil %
Polysulfone + Tung oil stand oil %
Polymethyl methacrylate °
Polyethersulfone +
Plasticizers °
Polyphenylene sulfide – Styrene polymers °
Castor oil °
Polyacrylonitrile + Suprapal® °
Butyl stearate °
Emu-powder® °
Polyesters + Tritolyl phosphate °
% ° °
´®
Epoxy resins Styrene acrylic acid copolymers Palatinol
°
®
Polyethylene glycol + Plastomoll
Vinyltoluene acrylic acid copolymers °
°
®
Palamoll
+ dissolved (>10%) Polyisobutylene ° Plastigen G ®
°
%
®
% sparingly soluble/swollen Oppanol B3
Chlorinated paraffins °
/
®
– undissolved/resistant Lutonal IC
Materials of Construction
Several rigid plastics, including UHMW
polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon
6/6 and acetal copolymer, were tested by
partial immersion in NMP at 120°F (49°C)
for six weeks. All samples showed less
than one percent weight gain and dimen-
sional stability within one percent.
Several elastomers were also tested by
partial immersion in NMP at 120°F (49°C)
for six weeks. Silicone rubber and butyl
rubber showed the best weight and
dimensional stability.
Although not tested in our laboratories,
®
Kalrez has provided good field results
when in service with NMP.
Whether the above materials will prove
satisfactory for any given application
depends on many factors, such as the
temperatures, pressure and purity of the
NMP being handled, as well as the pro-
cessing and application of the materials.
Therefore, the above report of test results
should be used only as a starting point
for selecting materials to be tested in
specific application trials.
15
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
Introduction For example, a chemical which might be of treatment may often be greater. This
Biodegradation refers to the biologically released inadvertently to a receiving water type of test varies in the conditions under
(usually bacteria) catalyzed breakdown of (a spill) would have different properties which it is run; however, it is generally run
organic chemicals. When dissolved oxygen of interest than a chemical intentionally with low concentrations of bacteria which
is present, as it typically is in a biologically released to a wastewater treatment plant may or may not be acclimated and contact
healthy stream or river, the end products (aquatic toxicity vs. BOD). Similarly, the times on the order of 1–5 days.
are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). levels of treatment required and the A third general type of test takes the
In practice, complete oxidation is rare. ultimate efficiency of treatment achieved respirometric test a step further by
More commonly, a partial breakdown would differ as would the tests required increasing the contact time to 30 days or
occurs resulting in the formation of CO2, to measure them. longer (virtually ensuring that the bacteria
H2O and metabolites. Measures of Biodegradability are acclimated). The objective of this test
Most chemicals will cause environmental Biodegradability is a function of the type is to measure the ultimate biodegradability
damage if released untreated. The damage and amount of bacteria available, the struc- (greatest possible extent of degradation).
can take many forms depending on the ture of the chemical being treated, various This testing simulates the environmental
chemical involved. Direct toxic effects may environmental factors (oxygen, pH, etc.), fate of chemicals in a receiving water. The
take the form of: and the contact time. Different treatment biodegradability values are usually higher
situations will involve different combinations than the shorter term BOD type tests.
a. poisoning of aquatic species through
of the above. Thus, it is understandable Biodegradability can also be measured by
short single dose exposure (acute toxicity).
that many different types of tests exist. monitoring other properties or descriptions
b. poisoning of aquatic species due to
Primary biodegradability was an early test of the test chemical. Chemical Oxygen
persistent non-degraded toxicants
method established to measure the loss Demand (COD) measures (for practical
(chronic toxicity).
of a particular property of interest (surface purposes) the complete oxidation of
c. poisoning of higher members of the a chemical to CO2 and H2O. Thus biode-
food chain through bioaccumulation tension or foaming). This test used high
concentrations of acclimated bacteria gradability measured by COD is generally
in aquatic species. lower than by any other test. The ratio of the
(adapted to the chemical). Contact times
Indirect toxic effects may take the form of: BOD to COD gives the percentage of the
are on the order of one day. Since only
a. oxygen demand overloading, causing a small structural change is required in the molecule that can be biologically oxidized.
dissolved oxygen levels in the water to test chemical to cause loss of a physical A value of 0.3 or greater is considered good.
drop below the level required by local property, this type of test generally gives Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is sometimes
fish species. very extensive biodegradability even used to describe a molecule. Values of
b. high algae growth rates resulting in though most of the molecular makeup biodegradability obtained by monitoring
lake eutrophication. of that chemical remains untouched. For that parameter generally lie between BOD
Prevention measures require minimizing this reason, this type of test has fallen and COD values.
both the amount and toxicity of the waste- out of use.
Obviously, it is essential that the test
water discharges. The familiar BOD (Biological Oxygen conditions be specified when citing bio-
The need for treatment of chemicals prior Demand) test is an example of a respiro- degradability numbers. When comparing
to their release is obvious. In turn, this metric (oxygen consumption) measurement values from different sources, it is vital
makes the need for a means of predicting of biodegradability. It is the most commonly to ensure that the values are describing
the degree of treatment obvious. However, used test to describe wastewater treatment the same test.
considering the wide range of circumstances plant performance. By measuring oxygen
that may be present, the form of the consumption, these tests provide a better
measurements needed to make these indication of the extent of degradation of
predictions is far from obvious. Our measure- the chemical structure than does loss of
ment, biodegradability, is not an absolute a property of the chemical. These tests
intrinsic property. Its value, and the are often reported as percentages of
method involved in determining that value, theoretically complete oxidation (ThOD).
are dependent on the particular conditions Accordingly, the biodegradability values
which have necessitated the treatment. are generally lower even though the extent
16
Biodegradability and Aquatic Toxicity
Measures Of Aquatic Toxicity and specific compound (by GC) that in unacclimated, short contact time
The harmful effect of a chemical released removals. These results all showed >92% systems (single dose exposure in municipal
into a receiving water is dependent on its removal (regardless of the parameter treatment plants) virtually complete elimination
concentration in that water. All chemicals being measured) within 24 hours starting of NMP can be expected.
are toxic if their concentration is high with concentrations ranging from 92 ppm
Aquatic Toxicity
enough. Therefore, it is necessary to to 210 ppm NMP.
GAF data for various species of fish list
determine a “safe” concentration. The Rowe and Tullos (3) studied biodegradability the LC50 as ranging from 832-3048 ppm.
tests for doing this generally use various of NMP in acclimated and unacclimated, Even the lowest value is well within the
forms of aquatic life as indicators of static and continuous flow, laboratory non-toxic range.
toxicity. The values reported usually show activated sludge systems. The tests were
the chemical concentration at which 50% run at 300 and 1000 ppm of NMP; the Conclusions
of the test organisms would be expected continuous cells had an 18-hour hydraulic NMP is nearly non-toxic to most aquatic
to die. The common term for this is the residence time. The results indicate that life and can be readily degraded by typical
LD50. Because the life forms used in NMP was largely degraded (more than 98% wastewater treatment plant organisms. It is,
this testing vary greatly in their sensitivity destruction with 90% TOC reduction in accordingly, an advantageous solvent to
to chemicals, the test results also vary the continuous cells), and that significant use whenever the possibility of discharge
greatly. Again, it is important to specify acclimation is easily achieved (more into an aqueous stream exists.
the conditions used in the test and to than 75% TOC reduction in 24 hours in
make sure that conditions are identical unacclimated static tests). References
when comparing values. In general, 1. “The Biodegradation of N-Methyl-2-
Respirometric tests provided by BASF AG
LD50 values <10ppm are considered toxic. Pyrrolidone in Water by Sewage Bacteria,”
show a BOD5 (acclimated) of 1.2 wt/wt.
Values between 10 and 100 ppm are S.T. Chow and T.L. Ng Water Research,
Compared to the Theoretical Oxygen
somewhat toxic. And values >100 ppm Vol. 17, pp. 117–118 (1983).
Demand (ThOD = COD) of 2.18, this gives
are considered non-toxic. a BOD/COD ratio of 0.55, which is quite 2. “Activated Sludge Degradability of
NMP Biodegradability biodegradable. Organic Substances in the Waste Water of
the Dashima Petroleum and Petrochemical
River die-away tests were conducted by As an indication of the impact of NMP
Industrial Complex in Japan,” S. Matsui,
Chow & Ng (1). These tests simulate the on an activated sludge treatment system,
T. Murakimi, T. Sasaki, Y. Hirose, and
fate of a compound in a receiving water. the Handbook of Environmental Data (4)
Y. Iguma, Progress in Water Technology,
Using an initial concentration of 100 ppm lists a no-effect level (LD0) for NMP using
Vol. 7, Nos. 3/4, pp. 645–659 (1975).
NMP, they found 95% removal as measured the bacterium Pseudomonas as 5g/l.
by specific compound analysis and 45% This demonstrates that NMP is non-toxic 3. “Lube Solvents No Threat to Waste
removal as measured by COD. These to treatment systems even at fairly high Treatment,” E.H. Rowe and L.F. Tullos, Jr.,
determinations were conducted after two concentrations. BASF AG tests indicate Hydrocarbon Processing, 59, pp. 93–65
weeks exposure. The low COD removal that activated sludge wastewater treat- (October 1980)
compared to the specific compound ment systems will continue to function 4. Handbook of Environmental Data on
removal indicates a high degree of efficiently at NMP concentrations as high Organic Chemicals. 2nd Ed., Karel
molecular modification (probably nitrogen- as 2000 ppm. Verschueren, Van Nostrand, Reinhold Co.,
carbonyl bond splitting) and a lesser N.Y. 1983, p. 873.
BOD tests conducted by BASF AG show
amount of mineralization (conversion to CO2
that when using unacclimated bacteria, NMP
and H2O). Thus, while the compound was is biodegradable; BOD5 = 0.76 wt/wt.
no longer present as NMP, the compound However, acclimation significantly increased
was still present as modified fragments. the biodegradability; BOD5 = 1.15 wt/wt.
An additional test by the same people Long-term BOD tests show substantial
using a semi-continuous activated sludge biodegradability BOD20 = 1.2 wt/wt.
system acclimated for five days showed
All of the above tests show that in acclimated
seven-day biodegradability of 95% by
systems or systems that could acclimate
specific analysis.
during the normal contact time (as in the
In similar tests, Matsui (2) used a semi- case of a spill to a receiving water), NMP is
continuous system to measure TOC, COD readily biodegradable. There are indications
17
B A S F I N T E R M E D I A T E S
Analytical Procedures
18
Analytical Procedures
19
IMPORTANT: While the descriptions, designs, data and
information contained herein are presented in good faith and
believed to be accurate, they are provided for your guidance
only. Because many factors may affect processing or application/
use, we recommend that you make tests to determine the
suitability of a product for your particular purpose prior to use.
NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE MADE
REGARDING PRODUCTS DESCRIBED OR DESIGNS, DATA
OR INFORMATION SET FORTH, OR THAT THE PRODUCTS,
DESIGNS, DATA OR INFORMATION MAY BE USED WITHOUT
INFRINGING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
OF OTHERS. IN NO CASE SHALL THE DESCRIPTIONS,
INFORMATION, DATA OR DESIGNS PROVIDED BE
CONSIDERED A PART OF OUR TERMS AND CONDITIONS
OF SALE. Further, you expressly understand and agree that
the descriptions, designs, data and information furnished
by BASF hereunder are given gratis and BASF assumes no
obligation or liability for the description, designs, data and
information given or results obtained, all such being given
and accepted at your risk.
© 1998 BASF Corporation
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Fax us!
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BASF Corporation
Chemicals Division
3000 Continental Drive–North
Mount Olive, NJ 07828-1234
www.basf.com