2128/2018 ‘APA Cltaon Guide | Normativa Académics
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APA Citation Guide
The APA style is made up by a set of basic guidelines aimed at researchers and scientists, with the
objective of unifying criteria and avoid confusion, ambiguity and bias when writing articles whose
audience is the scientific community.
The basic guidelines are
> Citation
> Text citation
> Indirect sources citation (secondary sources)
> Reference List
> Use of Tables and Figures
Furtherrnore, when using the APA style, a series of premises rust be known:
> Any research starts with a pre-existing information, consequently, original sources must always be
cited. Otherwise, you are plagiarizing
> Every citation needs to be adequately quoted (source, year and editor, author(s), and so on).
> Citation style always matches the corresponding means (it differs, for example, a book needs @
different citation than an article),
> During the writing process, the citation must appear simultaneously in two ways: in-text citation
and in the section called "references list’, in alphabetical order.
This guideline follows the APA Style as in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, Sixth Edition. The examples above are adapted from the 2009 and 2015 editions of A.
Pantoja (Coord.) Manual basico para la realizacién de Tesis, Tesinas y trabajos de Investigacién. Madrid:
Eos.
1. General rules for in-text citation
Academic documents indicate the source of previous knowledge succintly in the text, next to the
citation, and extensively in the list of references or bibliography section, at the end of the document.
The following sections provide information on how to indicate the source in the text.
1.1. Direct citations (quotes)
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A direct citation is a literal transcription of another author's words. The text must clearly attribute the
ight authorship.
The citation style is different depending on the length of the quote and the quantity of authors
In all cases, , the in-text citation must specify the name or surname of the author or authors, as
referenced in the bibliography at the end of the project, followed by the year and the page numbers
must be specified.
1.1.1. Less than 40 words
In this case, the citation is placed within quotation marks following the cited paragraph. That is to say,
right next to the cited text.
Example
‘The New Oxford American Dictionary's definition of plagiarism is “the practice of taking
someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own.” (2016, p. 1296)
Po
1.1.2. 40 or more words
This is considered a long citation or block citation. It must occupy its own paragraph, with a left
indentation of 1.3 em (5 inches) from the margin. In addition, no quotation marks or italics are added.
Citation of more than one paragraph will keep the same indentation (1.3 ern or 5 inchres.
Example
Genette (1997, p.408) justifies the function of paratexts because:
Being immutable, the text in itself is incapable of adapting to changes in its public in
space and over time. The paratext - more flexible, more versatile, always transitory
because transitive ~ is,as it were, an instrument of adaptation. Hence the continual
modification of the text's "presentation".
Po
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As can be seen in the example, the indentation of all the lines coincide. The year and page number can
also be indicated in parentheses after the citation (year, (p) in parentheses, full stop and the page
number),
In block citations, omitted text is marked with an ellipsis without parentheses. If within the citation you
need to make sore clarification or give a supplernentary explanation, it will be enclosed within square
brackets, For example, emphasize one or rnore words in the text and immediately afterwards, indicate
“italics added’.
Example
By “paratext” we mean the ‘verbal or other productions, such as author's name, a title, a
preface, illustrations [..], accompanying [a book], which vary in extent and appearance”
(Genette, p. 1997, p. 1, italics added)
Po
1.1.3. Quantity of authors
Wheter a citation is short or long, the amount of authors influences how they are presented
a) Up to two authors: both are cited throughout the text.
Example
In accordance with Campoy and Pantoja (2000, p. 17) “the new profile and functions of the
tutor require a professional reorganization of the classical model prevailing in the
educational centers”, but at the present day, that is yet to come.
Po
b) Erom three to seven authors: all the surnames are cited the first time the reference appears. After
that, only the surname or surnames (depending on how is written then in the bibliographical
ferences) of the first author is mentioned followed by “et al” (without italics).
Example
First time:
hpiwmw nermativa-acacemica.info/en/at-eninfo-enidocumenas-desarrallo-avances-eninormativa-estio-apa-en! ana