3. The depth of the pile cap. 10.3 Load Distribution For a simple understanding of the method, let us assume that the following conditions are satisfied: 1. The pile is rigid 2. The pile is pinned at the top and at the bottom 3. Each pile receives the load only vertically (ie. axially applied }; 4. The force P acting on the pile is proportional to the displacement U due to compression. My Myx on nae nA =L+A.X° Eccentricity of load ( Single ) Eccentricity of load ee red4. Resulting possible heave or compaction of ground causing damage to adjacent structures 5. Cost of pile cap 6. Size and effective length of ground beam. ‘Type and size of pile = Piles should be placed in a suitable arrangement so that the spacing between piles ranges from (2-3) D (pile diameter) in case of isolated pile caps and (2-6) D in case of rafts supported on piles. + The CG. of piles should be placed as far as possible in the C.G. of loads transmitted from the structure to the group of piles. = In the case of presence of neighbors, piles should be away from the property line by a distance not less than D or as the pile installation method requires. + The projection of the pile cap should be 10-15 cm. + Requirements for Pile Caps ‘Same as spread footings with the following additions: 1. Design must satisfy the punching shear in the vicinity of the individual piles or shafts 2. The effective depth d must be at least 30 cm. This implies a minimum. thickness 7 of 40 em. 3. The bearing force between the individual piles or shafts and the caps must not exceed the capacity of either element. * Pile Cap Reinforcement ‘The amount of pile cap reinforcement is governed by: 1. The loading on the pile cap, 2, The spacing of the piles, and\ (Double eccentricity) Deviation of the piles ‘Most piling specifications permit a deviation in pile position of not exceeding 75 mm in any direction from the intended position. Additional deviations of 1:75 from the vertical piles and 1:25 from the designed rake for raking piles are also permitted. ‘Thus, the pile cap should be large enough to accommodate those piles which have deviated from the intended position. The pile cap should extend for a distance of 100 to 150 mm outside the outer face of the piles in the group. Location and Alignment Tolerancé The pile head at cutoff elevation shall be within 50 mm of plan locations for bent caps supported by piles, and shall be within 150mm of plan locations for all piles capped below final grade. The as - driven centroid of load of any pile group at cutoff elevation shall be within 5% of the plan location of the designed centroid of load. No pile shall be nearer than 100mm from any edge of the cap. Any increase in size of cap to meet this edge distance requirement shall be at the Contractor's expense.