amo17 UP Power Transmission Corporation Limited RE -..nstruction of Tower Foundation Stub Setting and Earthing 3.4 GENERAL CCemortconeret focings shal be use fr all ypos of towers, in conformity wih the present dy practice followed inthe county, Sd tna specticaos lad herin, RCC foundation may be usd for oeators where cement conceta outings ae ns posse to be lal the fou ooinge he towers shall be sonar. {32 FOUNDATION DEPTH ‘The dept ofthe foundation may vary for 1.510 3.5 meters. 334 @ o o 332 uy Depersng on ths typeof sal th subs nator able ang tho presence of surface water four typos of foundation wil bo Used for aaen typeof ower locaton classed in ho flloing mene Normal deytype Tobe une fr locaen in armal ay eesive of norrecsive sci Wot type To sod fer leatons= |} Were sub-soll waterls met at 1.8m or more blow the ground In, Wich arin surface watr for long pas wth wator portation not excoesing one mots below the ground Ine. ant pinback cotton sos Partly womerged To bout oso wie ssl water abs me btwnen 075 mae Bole goand Pr Ine Fully submerged type Tobe used at cations whe sub-sl water tbl is eta oss tha 0.75 metro below ho goiraline In addtion tothe above, depending onthe so cantons, ctor types of foundations maybe inroduced suitable fr Intemadate conatons under the aoove classeson fo fect more economy, oF Fartocatens in ly en ooky es. Far tocations where special founatns (wel type or plas) ae necessitated. The propose! for ths shal be submited by the cotracte bse on he Bars 34 PROPERTIES OF EARTH "Taelloing genera physical popes of eat under various condtons have been assumed forthe design of foundation ‘ables ‘Wet ea due othe | _ Wet earth du to Particulars Normal dry sarth presence of subsoil presence of surface Dry black cotton soil toctive weight of earth 1240 30 ‘aa0 ao in kg'cu move [Ale of ropose of earh 30, 15 6 0 in degrees [Uti bearing strength 27360 13675 3675 ‘2676 ff cat in KS. metre as 364 ® © 264 ‘TesTING OF Sou. Ni desea fo useketeating f sof lhe Lowe oclons an repo shuld be blaine about the subs wale: tata, as provalent nth month of Septenbor and October ype of sll ercourtared,baang capaty of sal, possibilty of Eubmargence and ener ea prooerties requ or ne caret cating of casing of unaston. Testing shou be eoted ‘ut about sl resistvely in ry season a ecard shoul be kept propery prope long wh route agro map. ‘ter sl ivstgnon along the ne algnmer, te foal quanes of fundsion types stl be worked ot aed on ts lswostigaton cared ot and auch fundstions shoud be cated and installed cnly eer proper checking and area EXCAVATION. Excopt as spocteally therise proved, all excavation for footings shall be made tothe Ines and grades of the Teundaton. Tha excavaton walle shal be vertical andthe pl dimensions fal be such ae to alow a clewance of ot ‘mare soa lo msn loan subgrade nl tho fot is laces, ing being, shang casing, Neca. Ay Sand, md sor ober undosrale materials whicn may have accumulated nthe excavation pl shal be removes btore Placg corte Fn eo be excavate fo tome foundation shal be clasifad as unde. Nermal Sal removable by means of erdnary pick axes, shovels & spadas suchas type of sal oundin igre toi pli lack cll ste ‘Wet Soil: Sol wher the sub aol water tate is encourtares with tha range of foundation sagt, the ool low the valerate and tata leatone where pumping O baling Ot of wale reques Gus Ta pouence of Sac water wl be rested os wo st Rocky Soil Soll orks-This wil mean decomposed rock, har gravl, Kank ie stone, tlre ary ther sof simlarnatre wich can bo easly sxcavatoa wh pik axe o ade |. Hare ocka:Haré oc wil be that hin regu chiang or ling en blasting, ‘wnat ook is encountered the noes for tome fotinge, shal peterably be dit, bu whare tastings to be ened a5 an seoncmy mas, shal be don with the vmost ca to minimise the use of coneat ofling up the bastod ‘en All necazeary precaution for handing and ute of baring materale sal be taken In ease wnare ding done, the stubs may be shoren suitably wih Ine approval! te Engres ‘Senng of pts win shutenng wl be done when the sll contin is so bad that ther is tkelnood of accent ds othe {ating of stiroundng eat. Howwver, the necessity of shaving of pits wh shuttering shal be decid by the Supervising Enger. doondng upon to ste condtns Depending en the conaton of wale avai in he ps, ollowing methods of dewatering wil be adopted Iitpuppiccrgtech_Inftcorstruction_of tower. wasaaot7 ® © a7 37a ara aes saa 388 3 38 aed 39s 396 UP Power Transmission Corporation Limited Manual ‘ere dewatering is done by man withthe lp of buckets ate Mechanical Were dawatorng is dono By hand pump. ee ive: ‘nen engines or eect power dven pumps wth power input tes SETTING UP oF sTuBS The sub shall eset coreclly in sccordance wth approved method she exact caion an alignments and agnmient ard in precisely corect lvls. The stu seting ronplatos hall be used for proper satin of stubs. Stubs srallbe seth ‘he presence of wall onvesait Juni EngheeAssistat Engoeer “he foundations ae to be made 3s pee design and cravings approved bythe Enger. Extent ofthe work a dines by such eranings shal ot be exceeded excopt In very excepllond cases wha the pror approval of Suponising Engneer sto be obtained Seting of sub at each location shall be aporved by th Assistant ErginecrExecutve Engincer. DETAILS OF FOUNDATIONS The thicknmss have boon designed auch ato satis that conditions spaced hein, “ha thickness o concrete in tha ehmnay portion af the tower footing would ba such that provides mim cover of rot less than 100 mm fom ary pat of the stub ange fo the rearest over Saface of hw conerate in rospect. ofall ty Tocations lng the rsimum section of cimpey to 300 em sauare. Inspected ofall wet acatens chmey sould havea allowed claance of 50 mm Vo ar part of est ane imitig to &strin square minima. {he ohne tp a muting must be est 25mm above gous he coping ial be extended uo he ns prea caneet pram or label be nie to 4S deg. wth espe othe vr [At lost 60 me thick pad of size equal tothe bases of pyramid wi ts si vercal wl be povided below ho pyramid {te account or the unevenness of Sols and Inputies kay Tobe mixed in concete due to dec contac of wet anette ‘ith ean and Yor ailing stone aggregate Teaching upto comer edges. Ths pad wil alo be povided in cance where Prarie provised over enero sls. mii datancebetwoun the oweateage ofthe stubs engl and the atl surace of concret outings sal at totes tan 100 mm or more (nan 160.mm in eae of dy beaona and nl less han 150 mm oF moe han 200m a aao of wet orators The prion ofthe stub in tho pyramid has boon provided wth the coals ‘CONCRETE {All te ropes of concrete rgarcing is strength under compressing tension. sheer. punching and bending ac. as ‘wo aswell as wakmanship wilco Yo 88 FO 1378, oneota as por 1:38 of 1970, ‘The coment conrae sed forthe foundations shal be M-'50, +: 2 44 mix ati with 20mm Cyn) one metal for henna prian and £0 (1.5 inch) sane tl for pyran or slab potne “ha sand used fr th conrete shall as composed of har silcecus metal, t shall be clean and of a sharp angular rt ype a fee fram sary of erga matter and aalatonus sls Tho aprogat shall be of clean broken haré grants rater stana specie or approved by the Supervising that be of hard closed graned quay, Waal aso be afr a pons cube tke, gfecly angular, Bul tly, Dotocly clean ad ro from ear organic rahe dlls mato, agate shal boo ice aa wall pase through mesh. 40:mm measure inte cles end 20 mm aggregate trough 20 mm square mesh messed in cleat The water used or mixing coneeto shall be fresh clan and fee from ol cid and aka, ergari matoral_or oor dhletonocs substances. Seis or blckan water shoe not be vaed. Potable water generally saeco, Tho cones shall be mixed in a mechanical xr Hand mixing shal rot be porissibe. Maing shall be continued unl there ia utr etebton of materal athe mis union in olow and eonateney bh no case the mixing bo done for ese an two minutos. Normal xing shall bs done clos fo the founaton bath 2001 snot posible, the conereta may be mixes athe nearest convecint place, depos as epdly as practeatla by frathoas wich shall paver the Segfogation © lose of any ingredient. The corcele shal be placed and compacted bor sling commences. tho dogo ts which the concrete resists sogogaion Hence tho quart of war Usb shous nl Bo too rach pyrarié and slab porters. Tho mould sreuld be made water-bht so that coment cream should Pot com out leving Gry sae ny sansa forgo honey canting ne cnr. The fom bree sabe eared an ed he stub angle shal etree of rst and cleared throughly nd pated wih cement paste, made of 1 pat of cement and 5h, par of water (Coman-sany) Yo a thekrass of 1.5 mm (196 neh) be fore the conctte Is ld against th stub fngles. The pairing wth cement shir shal be dane each time to such & hgh hat conerete wl a ald to thal eight oor the como! wah becomes dy he coneate shall be an 150 mm aye and consoldsted wal so that the coment cteam was upto the top and no teaey combing ts ltt to concrete, Conrting ls to be Gone continuously so thal tw subsequent layers re ak before ta ital sting ofthe belo layor cogs. I fesh concrete too lld on ld concrate loss than a Wonk oe fe Stace othe ol ae conte shad be cpped ard cleaned ogy wh re hah woah tha ye ‘ha sot conto should be chipood ard coarad Porougry wh we bush and wat, ane layar of cement merar (= 1), ‘Bm eal bad evry ae ig cn Court say, ape’ nove wu Poe fang ‘Aer onreting fecha pron tote equ Ni, the tp sufae shoul be lhe son wih te spe In wet ato, the ite must be Kept crteal dewatered bath cng the plein af the concrete and fr 24 hours ser compeion, There sould be na tiance of concrete by water Sung this prog, he forms of moulds shall ot be removed before lapse of bout 24 hows ete he colton of conereing Ar removal of the fom, the concerted soc, here Toma eal be ropaied wih a ch cement and san main the Shortest poss ine, removing he form box, should be asestaines by exning ae plank of suttor whether eng of cncrea Ras ean Sehevod not, axtra time shal be gen il the cantee ets fly. Flowing opening of Fam-Box and reoval of shoring and. susterng, any backing shal be etre afte eps, i ay, to th foundation concrete. Back ling shall rermaly be doe withthe excavated sol, uress corsets of lage ouder wren sal be broken toa maximum siz Bre Iitpuppiccrgtech_Inftcorstruction_of tower. 20saaot7 s104 aaa 3442 UP Power Transmission Corporation Limited rmaximom 200 mm layers, leveled, and wetted ana damsod propery befor ancther layer 's doposted. Care shall bo {kr tat te DackfItng estate rom tha foundation endo he i, taward the ae anc. Ae he pte have been he kia a cg shal ecard a dvnon of 5p aor ton al 1 a ct Sufciort water wil ba poured in tha backfilled sarth frat last 24 hours, “he stub toting tema shal be cponed ony afer the comploion of backing. level of backfiled earth does not 90 low ho sureundng grou evel. However, val wth th surrounding gowns ‘CURING The concrete ater tis 2472 hours (asthe case may be) ld shall be cured by hooping the concrete st continuously fr {por of 10 days after laying, Te pi nay be backliled wih selected eaih spied wih necessary amour o waar fr wl consolated in ayers not exceeding 200 rm of conselidsedthiexness after a minimum pesod of 2872 (asthe {ase ray be) how. and theater bath the back lle path and exposed chimney top shall ba kes wel ‘or the ‘emaingt othe pescred ime of 10 days. The uncovered cancatachirmoy above the backiled earth shal be kept ‘opt wel by providing empty comet bage dipped In wale uly rapped around the concrete chimney Tor eng and rain that the bags are kop we by roquant pour of wate hem, he focting resistance ef lowers shall be measured in dy weather atte the erection before he stngng of ean. Inease the lower oaingfesstanee exceeds "0 ote, spe ype eathlngleounerpse eating, wherever tei shal be dae in accordance wth stipulations made ths specication eng shal ete aking aa 20m a S750 mm cep pt at a Stance fl ea ta 2680 Sich away that minum cover of 125mm thes tal xed coko shall be manisad far he pp on al sos ara that ‘he top eoge ofthe pp shall be lls 600mm Below the ound ine. The G.S. sp shal be bund not less than £00, tim deep rom tho ror tre, In place f hig esisvity sol, specal carting arangement shal be amloyed in ho form of courarsis oat to bing ‘ow the tower fetng resistance to 70 cna. The caunlepalse earth shal ba corpses of 79 SWG Galvanised stel ‘sire having stable. age scldoros or compressed te one ed. compae wth “6mm da, ols and na, roqaed {er connecting th earning othe tower end. The countepoise shal bo buted radaly away ort ina ter basa at 600 im blow goutd lve. The lu ould be pefwrabe bur nthe hima pat oft eundeten Yo avo pierage, bosses ‘TOWER FOOTING RESISTANCE & SOIL RECEPTIVITY GENERAL “he loner footing asistance san eatremely portant parameter in he detention of ighng Mashover aes. Unfortunately, tis a fuctusng sttsieal varabo, sn magrude of which 'sgoverod nt ely by gecrapry but also 2 near condicin ys the cath ay svg oer ato tore geo more ga carges I sre “ha esietvly of ho earths fa orn nfo oven within alecl aoa. A genera ios of ho order of sal receptivity in tty fepen may be haa fom the typeof sal, lomperture, seasonal vars sc isnot possible to pra! to @ frocise cores the restively fo be expected in diven area tthe sloctrode reiaance ot agen sie. eery ease tt Iecaesar fo cary oxt an actus measurement o determine tna ean esistvely Ia givan case. The experments, ‘Hablan that ta four etude mated ha most uae wi age elcrade spacing f abot 60 mete, FOUR ELECTRODE METHOD The familar Eat Recoptivty Tester canbe convenient uted fo carving ot the fourslectote methos of mesksing realty thas 8 generator proaucing DC at 800 or 100 vols th the cent cals connactesn sees. The pote Clie moutted on the same shaft ashe curt col nd hess Gent inclination ou to our dependent temas Cp, and Ps, Po, Bath the potential and curert col endo recat Inthe fal ofa pomarert magnet. when the goteralr werk the drecton of the movement being oposite o exc oar Thor, whon the instruments Eonnocted toa tet earth and generators wore, the postion tkan y the comined curenpatantal call well bs proportional tothe aif Vl tr the mutual esatance between the cert and potent ero, ‘As nacates in Fg. 1, the Eath ResistvelyTostr has fou tominls matkod Py, Pz, C, Co, and four sar locos ae erven ino th ground at equal dstaos of 6 meters inthe region, where tho sol esistivay is tobe Sctamined shoul be even abut | mate pin) I those slecoaes wre designates as A,B, Cand na exe tard Pp, By cporting the Eats Tester Harde cortinucsly at unifom speed, we can fed the electrode resistance the Earth Testor scale, SR of r=31ean R nee = avy nae? = Distance betweonsuccossvscletodes in metres which is nomally kept Iitpuppiccrgtech_Inftcorstruction_of tower. 3a