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enunciado o base en el cual se plantea un problema en forma de una pregunta o una
afirmación incompleta. La lista de posibles respuestas se llaman ALTERNATIVAS, deben
ser cinco (5) y estar identificadas con las letras A, B, C, D, E. Las alternativas incorrectas
se denominan DISTRACTORES y la correcta CLAVE O RESPUESTA.

ENUNCIADO O BASE puede ser a. Una pregunta

b. Una oración incompleta

CLAVE O RESPUESTA A.
B.
C. ALTERNATIVAS
DISTRACTORES D.
E.

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Una herida traumática con más de 4 a 6 horas de producida se considera que está
A. contaminada.
B. limpia.
C. sucia.
D. supurada.
E. infectada.

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¿Cuál es la alteración inicial de la nefropatía diabética?

A. Microalbuminuria.
B. Creatinina elevada.
C. Edema maleolar.
D. Hiperfiltración glomerular.
E. Uremia.
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De acuerdo al gráfico, de una mujer en trabajo de parto, el diagnóstico de variedad de

posición sería
pubis

Lado derecho
lado izquierdo

Sacro

A. Occípito iliaca sacra.

B. Occípito iliaca antero posterior.
C. Occípito anterior.
D. Occípito 3.
E. Occípito 12.

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¿Cuál de estos tipos de Atresia Esofágica se presenta más frecuentemente?

A. B. C. D.

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Tiene un paciente varón, de 35 años, refiere notar que su anillo difícilmente entra
en su dedo, hace 4 meses que sus zapatos le quedan cada vez más ajustados.
Hace dos semanas, en repetidas oportunidades, se tropieza al caminar con
personas de su costado.

1. ¿Qué examen preferencial realizaría con este paciente?

A. Reconocimiento de rostro. B. Campimetría.
C. Fondo de ojo. D. Agudeza visual.

2. ¿Qué espera encontrar en el examen?

A. Prosopagnosia. B. Papila atrófica.
C. Reducción de la agudeza visual. D. Hemianopsia heterónima bitemporal.
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Enuresis es la emisión ___________________ de orina, frecuentemente a una edad

en que debería controlar la vejiga.
A. voluntaria / diurna
B. involuntaria / nocturna
C. involuntaria / diurna
D. voluntaria / nocturna
E. voluntaria / permanente

La alternación de la curación normal de la herida, especialmente cuanto está

________________ constituye la mayor fuente de ____________ quirúrgica.
A. hipertrífica / morbilidad
B. abierta / mortalidad
C. grande / mortalidad
D. infectada / morbilidad
E. sangrante / mortalidad

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La matriz de programación se construye considerando una secuencia de las siguientes

fases
1. cronograma.
2. costos.
3. actividades.
4. responsable.
5. indicador.
6. metas y asignación de recursos.

Indique el orden adecuado

A. 1 –2- 3 – 4 – 5 – 6
B. 6 – 3 – 2 – 1- 5 –4
C. 2–3–6–2–1–4
D. 3–5–6–2–1–4
E. 3 – 6 – 2 – 5 –1 – 4

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De los siguientes signos

1. frecuencia respiratoria.
2. aleteo nasal.
3. retacción xifoidea.
4. frecuencia cardíaca.
5. disociación toraco abdominal.
6. quejido
7. tiraje intercostal

¿Cuáles sirven para evaluar el grado de dificultad respiratoria en el recién nacido de

acuerdo al test de Silverman Andersen?
A. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
B. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
C. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7
D. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
E. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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Desde un punto de vista físico-químico son procesos inversos.

1. fotosíntesis.
2. ciclosis.
3. respiración.
4. circulación.

A. 1y2
B. 2y3
C. 3y4
D. 2y4
E. 1y3

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Relacione las personas con los aportes que dieron a la química

a. Boyle 1. Teoría de los cuatro elementos

b. Demócrito 2. Átomos como constituyentes de la materia.
c. Empédocles 3. Principio de la conservación de la materia
d. Lavoisier 4. Definición moderna de elemento

A. (a,3) (b,1) (c,2) (d,4)

B. (a,1) (b,2) (c,4) (d,3)
C. (a,4) (b,2) (c,1) (d,3)
D. (a,2) (b,1) (c,4) (d,3)
E. (a,1) (b,3) (c,2) (d,4)

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El enunciado o base que redacte debe permitir que el sujeto comprenda la
pregunta o el problema que se le plantea, sin necesidad de leer las alternativas.
Él debe buscar en las alternativas la respuesta a la pregunta que entendió al leer
el enunciado.

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Los enunciados con negación cuando se combinan con las alternativa ofrecen
problemas en la comprensión de lo que se indaga. Además, las preguntas en
negación proporcionan poca información acerca del conocimientos en positivo
que tiene el evaluado.
Hay oportunidades donde es importante que el alumno conozca la excepción o
que sea capaz de advertir errores, es estos casos se permite esta formulación en
negación. Cuando se use así, es conveniente subrayarlo o escribirlo con letras
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Para economizar tiempo de lectura, así como para precisar claramente el
problema, trate de expresar y ordenar la pregunta de manera que las alternativas
sean breves. Si las palabras se repiten en todas las alternativas o en la mayoría
de ellas, redacte de nuevo para incluir dentro de él las palabras que se repiten.

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de memoria de un texto o información que se ha desarrollado en clase,
descuidando la capacidad de usar esta información.
Este tipo de pregunta se presta bien para la medición de procesos de
comprensión y aplicación, pero es necesario presentar una situación novedosa
(ejemplo, casa, situación, gráfico, esquema) que requiera, para responderla, algo
más que sólo recordar o memorizar.

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respuesta. Cuando construya la pregunta cuide que exista sólo una respuesta
correcta. Esto puede parecer obvio, pero sucede que algunas preguntas tienen
más de una respuesta correcta o no ofrecen una respuesta verdaderamente
correcta.

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Una de las ventajas de este tipo de pregunta es que se pide al examinado que
elija su respuesta de varias alternativas, con lo que se reduce la posibilidad de
que adivine la respuesta acertada. Sin embargo, los distractores deben servir
para atraer la atención de aquellos que carecen de información o poseen muy
poca. Para lograr ello, los distractores deben ir lógicamente congruentes con el
enunciado y deben representar los errores comunes cometidos en relación con el
contenido indagado.

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En ocasiones cuando se construye la pregunta se deja traslucir cual es la
respuesta correcta o se dan indicaciones que permiten al examinado eliminar de
su consideración una o, más opciones equivocadas. Estos indicios son:
incongruencias gramaticales entre el enunciado y las alternativas, uso de
términos como: nunca, jamás, nadie, generalmente, casi siempre.

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distractor. En este caso hay que poner énfasis en encontrar alternativas que
cumplan adecuadamente el rol de distractores.
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