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Special Areas - Mirana PDF
Special Areas - Mirana PDF
Since construction realities are unique and peculiar, the successful completion
of a project largely depends upon the proven ability of the project/construction
manager to identify these risk factors. Once they are identified, the project
consultant must provide the guidelines that will guarantee that the contractor
can meet his work schedule from day to day. Usually, these risk that lead to cost
overruns and work slippages, result mainly from bad planning and poor
monitoring of construction activities.
Risks answer the question “What can go wrong?” Risk are identified and
managed. Risks can be classified under the following categories:
1. Property (theft, fire)
2. Liability (loss of existing assets, files/records or future income)
3. Personal (loss of income-producing ability due to death, disability, sickness,
accident, or retirement)
Further, Risk Analysis and Management entails the following:
1. Identification of Activities
2. Determination of the degree of seriousness (High, Medium, Low)
3. Ranking of the probability (High, Medium, Low) of occurrence of risks
4. Formulations of actions to be taken
a. Preventive
b. Interim
c. Contingent
d. Remedial or Corrective After undertaking risks assessment, key mitigating
measures are determined and applied.
Managing the risks ca be undertaken in various ways, namely:
1. Situation Analysis
2. Problem Analysis
3. Decision Analysis
On the other hand, the Decision Making process generally entails the following
steps:
Statement of the Problem/s
Objective (Quantity, Quality, Delivery, Profitability)
Areas of Consideration or Areas of Concern
Analysis
Alternative Courses of Action
Conclusion
Recommendation/s
Action Plan
Also, there are certain rules of thumb in taking or absorbing risks, viz:
1. Don’t risk more than you can afford to lose.
2. Don’t risk a lot for a little.
3. Consider the odds.
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
Construction disputes and conflicts occur occasionally at various levels among
construction project participants due mainly to: misunderstanding between or
among the project players; varied interpretation of the contract stipulations;
human factors (difference in personalities or characters); delays in construction;
inadequate or lack of funds; delay in getting approvals; and political intervention.
Internal settlement of disputes and/or conflicts without any external
intervention is still the best method in resolving conflicts. If inevitable,
government intervention through Mediation or Arbitration can be an option.
Mediation means a “voluntary process in which a mediator, selected by the
disputing parties, facilitates communication and negotiation, and assists the
parties in reaching a voluntary agreement regarding a dispute.
The concerned government agency tasked to handle Mediation and Arbitration
is the Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC).
CIAC has developed Cost Arbitration Process Flow Charts covering:
a. Filing of Request for Adjudication (RFA) to commencement of Proceeding
b. Arbitration Proceedings (with and without hearings) Shown in the figure are the
Flow Charts for easy reference.
LIST OF COMMON PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS
Below is a list of problems from previous projects and experienced by many project
and construction managers.
In construction Management
1. Delay in providing engineering designs
2. Changes in work specifications/contract conditions
3. Poor quality of contractor’s work
4. Financial problems on the part of the contractor
5. Right-of-way problems
6. Security problems at project site
7. Technical problems
8. Poor working conditions at project site
9. Far location of quarry site (Gravel, Sand, Boulders)
10. Inadequate or wrong type of equipment
11. Labor problems
12. Delay in reimbursing contractor’s expenditures and payment of billings
13. Poor communication
14. Political intervention
15. Insurgency
16. Inadequate service vehicles
17. Billing and Collection
18. Unclear Rules and Regulations (Labor)
19. Limited Suppliers of construction material
20. Delays due to shipment of materials
21. Testing of Materials
22. Inadequate and Under-capacity of subcontractors
23. Project Safety/ Accidents
LEASE OR BUY OPTIONS
Heavy equipment and support vehicles are inevitable for huge and complex
projects (i.e., high-rise buildings, roads, bridges, dams). A decision is reached
only after considering several factors, to wit : costs (first cost, recurrent costs
vis-à-vis lease cost), duration of use (short-or-long-term), urgency of need,
availability of financing and capacity to obtain loan, and cost recovery.
In summary, if the plans and specifications including details are complete and
the owner gives the reasonable pricing for the construction contract, the
construction and completion of the project is assured of an honest-to-goodness
compliance with the approved plans and specifications, time schedule, budget
cost and quality standards.
STANDARD CONSTRUCTION FORMS