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  • Chương 1-2 bài tập cơ học đất

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    Bài tập cơ học đất cho sinh viên đại học tham khảo.

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    Bài tập cơ học đất cho sinh viên đại học tham khảo.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    22 views20 pages

    Chương 1-2 bài tập cơ học đất

    Uploaded by

    khánh
    Bài tập cơ học đất cho sinh viên đại học tham khảo.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    CHAPTER | Nature of Soils, Plasticity and Compaction 1.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter encompasses the three major topics in relation to the basic characteristics of soil, and its physical properties. These topics are associated with the mass-volume relationships (Problems 1.1 to 1.5), index properties (Problems 1.7 to 1.9) including particle size distribution (Problems 1.6, 1.11 and 1.12) and compaction (Problem 1.10) The mass-volume relationships describe parameters, which control the engineering behaviour of the soil. These parameters are void ratio e, porosity m, degree of saturation 5), air content Ay, moisture content m or w, density of soil p (dry, saturated and natural), and density of solids p or specific gravity of solids Gs. The particle (grain) size analysis, and plasticity indices are needed for soil classification, Problems 1.11 and 1.12 show the engineering application of the particle size analysis where the particle size distribution of a mixture is obtained by knowing the particle size distributions of the individual materials within the mixture. Soil compaction is necessary to improve its strength and bearing capacity. In a laboratory technique explained in Problem 1.10 the relationship between moisture content and density is demonstrated to yield the optimum moisture content corresponding to the maximum dry density. 1.2. PROBLEMS Problem 1.1 The following data are given for a specimen of soil: M=221 g, My= 128 g, Gs =2.7, S,= 75%. Determine the total volume and the porosity of the specimen. Solution Mass related symbols are: M,, = mass of solids (or dry mass), M,, =mass of water, M,, =mass of air = 0. M = Total mass of soil sample=_M, + M,, ay M =221.0=M, +M,, =128.0+M, My, =93.08. py, =density of water = Ig/em’ = IMg/m?. V,, =93.0/ p,, =93.0/1.0=93.0em' 2 Problem Solving in Soil Mechanics Volume related symbols are defined as follows: V,, = volume of the air within the voids between particles. V,, = volume of the water within the voids between particles. Ww ¥,, = volume of the voids within a given sample =V,, +V,. ‘olume of the solids. ¥ =Total volume of soil sample=V/, +7, (1.2) Density of solids ps is the ratio of the mass of the solids to the volume of the solids: My =a 13, Psa (3) ‘s Specific gravity of solids G, is the ratio of the density of the solids to the density of water: G, =22 (4) Pry 1, = M, IV, > My =P, xVq =G, Py XV, =2.7x1.0%0, =128.0, V,=474em, Degree of saturation S; is the ratio of the volume of the water to the volume of the voids: Zw (as) Vy, S, =0.15=V,1¥, =93.0/F, + F, =124.0 em’, thus V =V,+V, =47.44124.0=1714 em’. Void ratio ¢ is the ratio of the volume of the voids to the volume of the solids: ent (1.6) Vv, Porosity #7 is the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume: nake y_-e 2 8 (7) Vo" Van, te 220 ,/V =124. 0/1714 = 0.723 = 72.3% Problem 1.2 Dry soil with G, = 2.71 is mixed with [6% by weight of water and compacted to produce a cylindrical sample of 38 mm diameter and 76 mm long with 6% air content. Catculate the mass of the mixed soil that will be requited and the void ratio of the sample. Solution: = Gy =2.71%1.0 = 2.71 gem’, M, +2 16M, TTT p, 1 006*86:19=86.19, pw= 1 giem’, hence: Nature of Soils, Plasticity and Compaction 3 Volume (em) Mass (g) 0 29.7 24.5 86.19 1776 56.49 SOLIDS 153.4 Figure 1.1, Problem 1.2. M, =153.1g,M =153.1+0.16%153.1=177.6 g. M, =153.1=V, xp, V7, =153.1/2.71 = 56.49 om? V, = VV, = 86.19 -36.49 = 29.7 em’, esl, IV, = 29.7/56.49 =0.52. The results are shown in Figure 1.1. XG, xPy =2.71V,, Problem 1.3 During a field density test 1880 g of soil was excavated from a hole having a volume of 900 em’. The oven-dried mass of the soil was 1630 g. Determine the moisture content, dry density, void ratio and degree of saturation. G = 2.71. Solution: Moisture content and different types of density are according: “ My L8) wa Mw M, (1.8) p (bulk or wet density)

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