€E Refresher___ Using the proper procedures to analyze process conditions, hydraulic relations and piping Configurations will assure trouble-free ingtaliation and operation of process pumps, Ribot S. Sampain How To. Design Piping For ump-Suction Conditions ROBERT KERN, Hofmann -La Roche tho.* zal punsps require vaporfree Hiquid flow ia the the liquid being pumped, as measured atthe pr suction lige at the entisce t© the impeller vanes 10 suction Mange on a gage at the pump centerline. Wis the fopersts satisfactorily, Reciprocating pumps require such. pressure necessary 1 overcome fritvon and trbulence’ + Insses betsveen the suetinn nozale And the entrance t0 & fen ag head of wster on pumps’ ses. NESIE, for a pump will increase considerably increase with rowing . ler UE i si) PSH, ® plavement pump cen pump liguids —— headeapucity iF but its volumetric eficieney will be with Bo cay veducetisneven ifthe ‘ef vapor speed of is very small proportion of total fw : “The preseuie gradient along the ligeid path throw, a pump has characteristics similar 1 those of a cot where (NPSH, v ‘-e or orifice, Instead of a pressure loss, however, the if pump spe 4 sstreans paessnse sill hecome much greater than the in Fig. Ldn both the be minimam pressure should ‘ spor pressure of the Higuid atthe | Ccancetape Mom ¥ 2, the required net positive suction hea? i increased to my, epm. (NPS7,), ard sidtion pressnee, suction hice anc not €Fep below the peer eerie flosicg temperature Sytem design nbd raphe piping { bump peter eign shoot suey thi een pri eo _ Het Positive Suction Hoad ne If the pressure in @ centrifugal pump falls below the 3] toe i éé£é—_F£_ pany yn bubbles form just before the infet edge Of the impeller vvenes, Because of the rapid increase in pressive within the impeller, the bubbles thes: collapse. This phencma- ied cavitation. It can reduce pump efficiency fand case noise, vibration, impeller wear and breakage. To ovoid cavitation, pomp manufacturers require a positive suction pressure called net positive suction head, PSH, NPSH, is the pressure above vapor pressure of limpet of— Pressure a niet norte suction pipe Lessin orp nozale Ss CHES CAL eNGINEETU APRIL 28, 1078 0CE REFHESHER. ' iy curve. For Therefore, the flow velocity in the 4-in suction Yine fs the recommended values. i smvine the pressure boss the 4-in suction tine are obisined fora the purnp's heads flows hefexe about 20.19 257 of rated cupacity (acar the well wit 1m efficiency points. NPSH requivemens ean be We de than those fos nosimal flow, This is especially true hy first extculeting the Reynolds number: hi Sith high-capacity fow-iead pomp, Hee : ‘vail net postive svction head NP'Siyy i the cee ° i potential energy of an inition, expressed i foe of Mae = 5083204 030360677035) ! Tiguid head, and ean be esleulated fron Nas = 361005 Orsi Kona a? ©) The ition factor. f for this Keynolés number equate i “ O.018 fe A steet a Si Ihe suc a. Where ps density of Mig at flowing, temperamc, ng in this problem iin ah existing insalatien, we wl ! T/A anid P= pressure above vapor pressure at the sncresse the frition factor by 25% to allow for wood pipe, : septetine ofthe suction Haag, pe carp, Nenee, = QOIB x 1.28 = O23, (Fsition Factor from i ewe tet Hensity of water st6O°F, charts in Part 1, Chena Eng, Dec. 23, 1974, p. 65.) i S237 WA, ana Se specie pravtyofigeid at wing, sCcsmine the pena deop ae the We fo per i temperature, Eg. @) becomes 106 fi we Will substitate into PSH, « 231P/S ° fea cie . Example Hiustrates Design Procedures * BP soo = O.GDG(O.023(60.67 X129)°/1,08 Alo = 0.41 piston Lt A centsifopat pump having a 3-in snetion inlet and Dein discharge will draw off 190 ppm of condensate water We thew find the equivalent length for the suction ‘ovediead suction drum, as sketched here: and is fitings from data in Part 2.0f the series (ree Chev Eng, Yan. 6, 1975, Tables 10 FV). cee SH = aa false Pipe length... Entrance ls fo suction Boe 3 Flows 3 9040.8 Stuer scree lieyluseeeiee lcaeaieee eee , 1Reducer = Tol equvatnt length 2 eg ‘Therefore, the overall loss for the fine and its fitings: 4 | becomes: anise oe | BP = AP E./300) BP = OA1C204/100) = 0.43 ps . ‘The swetion Hine from the vessel is @ 4:in i ‘ | | | | | t 40 pipe, radnced to 3 in for the pump su contains shies elbows. ane srvite, One gate valve and putationé and snslyses for finding the avaiad i fone reducer. Flow data for suction hesd. These ate dessited i t 120 ep) Meaning of Net Positive Suction Ht: | oes 10 Bheedegsbsce 094 “To ensure reliable pump rm, Svevon drum esse o.oo e osc pala equal or exceed NPS, Thus, process equipinent rust Temperate, subeonied 0 ver be elevated at least as’high as the sum of the pmo Temperate, suwated < vveee E PSH, plus the ftietion-head tosses ip the suction fi Vicosis beers 038 ep when saturated! ig ‘At the suction no emi. However, this is in the US. Conse- Additional information: The 4in pipe has an inside Giameter, d, 0 4024 in; hence, d? = 16.21 in’ and 1058 in’, The 3x2 centrifugal pump suns at pin. and at a flow of 120 gpm has aa NPSH, = ging in size from 44 10 64 in dia, Let vs determine the NPS#H, for this systera, and the velocity of few in the suction bine, os NPSH disprans for Ghent, in eaeulatons fee NES ft have to comsidered ‘acconding wo the HsoranfieLsstte (2h requirements of eninfal pumps ave noe uid selocites in powp-etion lives skosld range ined on the basis of handling wa from’? 10 4 fis in pipes having nominal sizes home's . thal when pumping hydrocarbons. & to ID io ee Pan Tei stig, Chom: Cag, Deere), satistaciory operon ay be reduced for erst ecg, 1974, p. 62). For fow in gpm and pipe diameter ining However, i is customary to wee miomtect the faow in poses the mininre required NPSH when Mw 85 fi, with impotte . : Iydrocarbons having specific pravities 165 the wr Dasore") 4)” rReans that (1 beat available and required NPS 0 080812071621) = 3.021 vary with the Lyuid’s specific gravity. and (2) fora piven 120 Phi 26, O7S/CHEMICAL ENORNEENCalculations for Not Positive Suction Head—Table f 1. Poiesure on Huis surtace 2. Vapor prossuée of ligvid 1 Pressure availa 4. Statie head pressure (49 or suction HH (=), (8 7146 oe 7 x CORD /HAA 5. Uno 3 + Lina 4 4. Ltaximum equip rine tous 10 G+ Une 7 >. Aveilente pressure es >, Avaliaile NESII = 294P/S) i. hutsiabla NPSH 039> 55 = Requires WPSH centsifuga) pump, one curve of required NPSH can be ‘ed with all nocinal specific gravities, The effect of she tows: Looking at the analogy ol pump that we cam show goals 3.49 poi, while a head of @ R. of gasoline equals 2.60 psi. I would appear that € for pushing quid into the pam derzeases with scciflegevvity, However, eupacity, i, will cost less. But he ‘economic choiee only ct by the expense of elevat- tlie process specified to Wa feciprocesing ated Higuid emetic effc valve of a reciprocating pomp is greser than the ce loss to an ianpeller. Bue to pelsating liquie flow, must also take into ascount increased line resistane: Suet 1 Pum, With the a cn in Pig. 2, we find that # centifugat pump cannot pomp saturated liquid, f we perform the necessary ealevlations, we would find ® nege Ve suction pressure, and avaitiste NPSIT of zero, Water at arabiend teriperature and atmospheric pres. sure can be tifted from abont 15 to 22 ft Gita in Fig. 2 Hs 15 1022), depensting on pomp type aad Rowrate + presuyrestisuzbution scale for the pumping system is ano shown ja Fig. 2. With increasing temperature, the absolute vapor pressure of the liquid ast increases, This 1 decrease PSH, and dimension Hin Fig. 2 ‘UNEINCAL ENGIVEKRING/APRIL 20, 1075 Soveooted Saturated Lig Ligue AT psa When suction lift is required, the end of the suction liquid hing out of the pump and suetion fine when the pump does not un, Some kind of prin ‘ment should still he provided bscause dirt prevent a tight seal at the foot Valve, Four simple priming arrangements ate sho Suction Lite Preceure sbova tig Vopor piesa st flowing terpenes Avaitble| Pressure ot ‘MESH smn tution Pressore ae - ‘Viel foot ae Borvateg worsen SUCTION iit requires pruning tne Pampa wer