Available online at www.sciencedirect.

com

ScienceDirect
Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 376 – 381

:RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\(DUWK6FLHQFHV6\PSRVLXP:0(66

+\GURJHRORJLFDO6XUYH\'DWD$QDO\VLVRI/DQGVOLGH$UHDE\*,6
7RROV
-XUDM0X]LNDE 'DQD6LWiQ\LRYiD7HUH]LH9RQGUiþNRYiF6WDQLVODYâNRGDF
a
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia
b
Research Center of University of Zilina
c
VŠTE-Institute of Technology and Business in ýeské BudČjovice, Faculty of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering,
Okružní 517/10, 370 01 ýeské BudČjovice, Czech Republic

$EVWUDFW

7KH EHQHILWV RI *,6 DSSOLFDWLRQ PHWKRGV IRU DQDO\VLV DQG QXPHULFDO PRGHO SUHSDUDWLRQ RI K\GURJHRORJLFDO VXUYH\V DUH
VXPPDUL]HGLQWKHSUHVHQWHGDUWLFOH7KHDUWLFOHLVIRFXVLQJRQWKHSUREOHPRIFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQJHRJUDSKLFLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHP
DQG PHWKRGV RI K\GURJHRORJLFDO VXUYH\ HVSHFLDOO\ K\GURJHRORJLFDO PRGHOOLQJ LQ WHUPV RI LQSXW GDWD SUHSDUDWLRQ FUHDWLRQ RI
DQDO\VHV DQG YLVXDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH UHVXOWV ,W DOVR GHVFULEHV D PHWKRGRORJ\ RI WKH ZRUN LQ WKH IUDPH RI FUHDWLQJ ORFDO *,6 IRU
ODQGVOLGH
‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9
© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0(66
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibilty of the Organizing Commitee of WMESS 2015.

Keywords:*,6WRROVGDWDDQDO\VLVK\GURJHRORJLFDOVXUYH\PRGHOSUHSDUDWLRQ

,QWURGXFWLRQ

:LWK UHVSHFW WR ZLWKKROGLQJ DQG XQIDYRUDEOH IORRG VLWXDWLRQ LQ UHFHQW \HDUV DV ZHOO DV RWKHU LQWHUDFWLQJ IDFWRUV
RFFXUUHGLQ6ORYDNLDDFWLYDWLRQDQGUHDFWLYDWLRQRIVRPHVORSHGHIRUPDWLRQVZKLFKPDNHVWKHPYXOQHUDEOHWROLIH
KHDOWKDQGSURSHUW\RISHRSOHLQWKHSRVWPRYHPHQWDUHDV'XULQJF\FORQLFZHDWKHULQWKHVXPPHUUDLQIDOOJUHDWHU
WKDQ  PP IRU  GD\V PD\ IDOO LQ H[SRVHG UHJLRQV ,Q DGGLWLRQ LI WKH VRLO DQG EHGURFN VDWXUDWHG SUHYLRXV
UDLQIDOOHURVLRQULVNGHQXGLQJWKHVRLODQGGHVWDELOL]HWKHVORSH3UHYHQWLRQDQGVXEVHTXHQWUHKDELOLWDWLRQFRQVLVWV
PDLQO\RIGHHSGUDLQDJHVORSHE\VXEKRUL]RQWDOZHOOVDQGFRQVLVWHQWVXUIDFHGUDLQDJH



&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[
E-mail address:MXUDMPX]LN#IVWDYXQL]DVN

1878-5220 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibilty of the Organizing Commitee of WMESS 2015.
doi:10.1016/j.proeps.2015.08.005
 Juraj Muzik et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 376 – 381 377

,W LV DGYLVDEOH WR VHW XS DQG PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP H[DPLQH WKH ODQGVOLGH DQG WR YHULI\ WKH SRVVLEOH FKDQJHV LQ WKH
K\GURJHRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQVLQWKHDUHD,QWKHFXUUHQWGHYHORSPHQWRIKXPDQVRFLHW\SOD\VDNH\UROHLQWKHXVHRI
GLIIHUHQWIRUPDWLYH WHFKQRORJLHV WKDW VLJQLILFDQWO\ LQFUHDVH TXDOLW\ DQG SURGXFWLYLW\ LQ DOO DUHDV 3DUW RI WKH
LQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\DQGJHRJUDSKLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPV*,6
7KHLU 8&(TXDUU\ LV ZRUNLQJ ZLWK JHRJUDSKLF LQIRUPDWLRQ *HRJUDSKLF RU VSDWLDOO\ RULHQWHG GDWD DUH ELWV RI
LQIRUPDWLRQWKDWDUHDOVRXVHGIRUK\GURJHRORJLFDO+*RU(QJLQHHULQJ*HRORJ\(*VXUYH\VDQGPRQLWRULQJ7KH
DGYDQWDJH RI *,6 LV WKH LQWHJUDWHG PDQDJHPHQW RI JUDSKLF DQG GHVFULEHG GDWD DORQJ ZLWK WKH DELOLW\ WR SHUIRUP
FRPSOH[ VSDWLDO DQDO\VLV 7KHUHIRUH WKH *,6 EHFRPH SDUW DGKHUH LQWHJULQ RU UHVHDUFK PHWKRGV KHOS WRROV LQ WKLV
ILHOG7KHSDSHUGHDOVZLWKWKHXVHRIVHOHFWHG*,6WRROVWRVROYHWKHSUREOHPVRIODQGVOLGHDUHDV

5HJLRQDOVXUYH\E\*,6DQGH[SORUDWLRQRIVORSHIDLOXUHV

$SSOLFDWLRQVRI*,6WRVROYHSUREOHPVRIODQGVOLGHDUHDVFDQEHFODVVLILHGDFFRUGLQJWRYDULRXVFULWHULD2QHLVWKH
VFDOHLQRWKHUZRUGVWKHH[WHQWRIWKHDUHD)URPWKLVSHUVSHFWLYH*,6FDQEHXVHGIRUUHJLRQDOH[SORUDWLRQRIODUJHU
DUHDHJWKHZKROHWHUULWRU\RI6ORYDNLD8VHRI*,6LQUHJLRQDO(QJLQHHULQJJHRORJLFDO(*RU+\GURJHRORJLFDO
VXUYH\+*KDVDORQJWUDGLWLRQHVSHFLDOO\LQWKH86&DQDGDDQG-DSDQ,WLVPDLQO\DSSOLHGLQODUJHDUHDVZKHQ
SODQQLQJ GHYHORSPHQW DUHDV DV ZHOO DV LQ ILQGLQJ VXLWDEOH EXLOGLQJ ORFDWLRQV RU URXWHV RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RLO
SLSHOLQHVRUSRZHUOLQHV)RUH[DPSOH*,6FDQEHXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHOLNHOLKRRGRIVORSHIDLOXUHVIRUDODUJHDUHD
7KHFRQGLWLRQLVWKDWVXIILFLHQWGDWDPDLQO\JHRJUDSKLFDORIWKHWHUULWRU\DUHDYDLODEOH7KHDUHDRILQWHUHVWLQWKLV
FDVHLVGHVFULEHGE\UDVWHUYDULDEOHVWKDWDUHQHFHVVDU\IRUGHWHUPLQLQJVORSHVWDELOLW\LQWKHWHUULWRU\3UREDELOLVWLF
DQDO\VLVUHVXOWVUHSUHVHQWDUHDVZLWKKLJKVXVFHSWLELOLW\DQGODQGVOLGHIDLOXUH0RGXOHIRUGHWHUPLQLQJSUREDELOLVWLF
VORSH VWDELOLW\ LV EDVHG RQ D WKHRU\ GHYHORSHG E\ >@ DQG DGMXVWHG DFFRUGLQJ WR >@ ,W LV D FRPELQDWLRQ RI D
K\GURORJLFDOPRGHODQGWKHSK\VLFDOPRGHORILQILQLWHVORSHVWDELOLW\>@
,QSXWGDWDDUHSUHVHQWHGE\
 GLJLWDOWHUUDLQPRGHOWRSRJUDSKLFGDWD
 PHFKDQLFDODQGK\GUDXOLFSURSHUWLHVRIVRLOVLQDJLYHQDUHD
 FOLPDWHGDWD>@
7KHVH GDWD DUH IXUWKHU SURFHVVHG DGMXVWPHQWV VKDOO EH XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH SUREDELOLW\ RI VORSH IDLOXUH E\ D
VRIWZDUH PRGXOH arcSlopeStab ZKLFK UHSUHVHQWV WKH H[WHQVLRQ IRU $UF*,6 JHRJUDSKLF LQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHP 7KH
UHVXOWRISURFHVVLQJWKHUDVWHUPDSUHSUHVHQWVWKHSUREDELOLW\RIWKHODQGVOLGHLQWKHWHUULWRU\>@
)URPHDUO\V6ORYDNLDVWDUWHGV\VWHPDWLFUHJLVWUDWLRQRIVORSHIDLOXUHVHVSHFLDOO\ODQGVOLGHV&XUUHQWO\WKHUHDUH
PRUHWKDQVORSHIDLOXUHV7KLVUHJLVWHULVLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRWKHJHRORJLFDOGDWDEDVH*HRIRQG%UDWLVODYD>@
,QWKH*RYHUQPHQWDGRSWHGWKH&RQFHSWRI(QYLURQPHQWDO0RQLWRULQJDQG&RQFHSWRI,QWHJUDWHG,QIRUPDWLRQ
6\VWHP RQ (QYLURQPHQW RI WKH 6ORYDN WHUULWRU\ DQG LPSRVHG RQ DOO WKH UHOHYDQW PLQLVWHUV WR LPSOHPHQW SDUWLDO
PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHPV DV SDUW RI D QDWLRQZLGH PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP 3DUWLDO PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP RI JHRORJLFDO
HQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUV*)3,6LVDSDUWRIWKLVFRQFHSWDQGFRQWDLQVLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHVXEV\VWHP/DQGVOLGHV
DQGVORSHGHIRUPDWLRQ,WSURYLGHVREMHFWLYHLQIRUPDWLRQQHFHVVDU\IRUGHFLVLRQPDNLQJPDQDJHPHQWVXSHUYLVLRQ
DQGVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKDUHDDVZHOODVLQIRUPDWLRQIRUWKHSXEOLF*HRJUDSKLFGDWDDUHSURFHVVHGLQWKHIRUPRI*,6
ZKLFKLVDSUHFRQGLWLRQRIFODULW\DQGXVDELOLW\RIGDWD>@3,6*)KDVDSULPDU\WDVNRIFROOHFWLQJDQGDUFKLYLQJWKH
GDWD ,W LV WKH VRXUFH IRU VROXWLRQ RI VSDWLDO UHODWLRQV DQG WKHLU UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ LQ WHUPV RI LPSDFW PRQLWRULQJ RI
SURFHVVHVRQWKHHQYLURQPHQWDQGHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHUHVXOWVRIPRQLWRULQJLQWKHIRUPRIPDSRXWSXWV,QDGGLWLRQWKH
*,6LQFOXGHVVSDWLDOGDWDRQWKHVLWXDWLRQLQLQGLYLGXDOORFDOLWLHV7KHPDLQWDVNRIWKLVV\VWHPLVWRFUHDWHDGDWDEDVH
FRPSULVLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKHPVHOYHV LQ DUHDV ODQGVOLGHV WKDW FDQ EH XVHG WR DQDO\]H SURFHVVHV LQ URFN
HQYLURQPHQWZKLFKDOORZVDVVXPLQJKRZWKH\DIIHFWJHRORJLFDOKD]DUGVDQGULVNVRQODQGXVH
7KHV\VWHPVKRXOGVXSSRUW
PRQLWRULQJPDQLIHVWDWLRQVRIVORSHGHIRUPDWLRQV
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRISUHYHQWLYHPHDVXUHVDJDLQVWSURSHUW\GDPDJHDQGGDPDJHWRWKHHQYLURQPHQWDQG
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIIDVWDQGHIILFLHQWZRUNPDQDJHPHQWLQVXGGHQFDWDVWURSKLFHYHQWV

*,6IRU/RFDO6XUYH\/DQGVOLGH$UHDV±&DVH6WXG\2NROLþQp

'XULQJORFDOVXUYH\RIODQGVOLGHDUHDVDOOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWIDFWRUVWKDWDIIHFWWKHVWDELOLW\RIWKHVORSHQHHGWREH
IRXQG>@
378 Juraj Muzik et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 376 – 381

7KHVHLQFOXGH
ƒ JHRPRUSKRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQV
ƒ GDWDRQWKHSURSHUWLHVRIWKHURFNHQYLURQPHQW
ƒ GDWDDERXWWKHRULJLQRFFXUUHQFHDQGDFWLYLW\RIROGDQGQHZVORSHIDLOXUHV
ƒ GDWDRQVOLSVXUIDFH
ƒ GHWDLOVRIWKHJURXQGZDWHU39
ƒ K\GURORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQVLQWKHDUHDDQGVRRQ

7KHGDWDLQ7DEOH3,6*)UHODWHWRVSHFLILFVLWHV:LWKLQVXEV\VWHPODQGVOLGHVVLWHVDUHPRQLWRUHG%DVLFGDWDRQ
WKHVLWHDUHDFFRPSDQLHGE\GHVFULSWLYHGDWDZKLFKVHUYHWRIXUWKHUGHILQLWLRQRIWKHURFNHQYLURQPHQWDQGIDFWRUV
DIIHFWLQJWKHTXDOLW\DQGVWDELOLW\RIHQYLURQPHQWDOYXOQHUDELOLW\]RQH2QHRIWKHVLWHVLVPRQLWRUHGLQWKHDUHDRI
2NROLþQp/RFDWLRQ2NROLþQpLVIURPVRFLDOSRLQWRIYLHZYHU\LPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHWKHODQGVOLGHWKUHDWHQVUDLOZD\OLQH
äLOLQD  .RãLFH 6\VWHPDWLFDOO\ DQG FRPSUHKHQVLYHO\ LW KDV EHHQ PRQLWRUHG VLQFH  $ UDQJH RI PRQLWRULQJ
PHDVXUHPHQWV LV FDUULHG RXW RQ WKH VLWH 2Q WKH ODQGVOLGH SURFHVV K\GURJHRORJLFDO FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH DUHD DQG
HIILFLHQF\KDYH WKH JUHDWHVW LPSDFW UHVSHFWLYHO\ ,QHIIHFWLYHQHVV RI VXUIDFH DQGVXEVXUIDFH GUDLQDJHV\VWHP <HDU
ZDVWKHODVWWLPHWKHVLWHZDVRIDFULWLFDOVLWXDWLRQZKLFKZDVPDLQO\GXHWRUDLQIDOODQRPDOLHV$VSDUWRIWKH
PRQLWRULQJRIODQGVOLGHVDQGRWKHUVORSHGHIRUPDWLRQVLVXVHGVHYHUDOPHWKRGVWRUHFRUGWKHDPRXQWRIVWUHVVVWUDLQ
VWDWH RI WKH HQYLURQPHQW DW WKH WLPH RI PHDVXUHPHQW DQG REVHUYDWLRQ UHJLPH 3DUW RI UHJLPH REVHUYDWLRQV DQG
DQDO\VLV RI WKH SUHFLSLWDWLRQ FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH UHVSHFWLYH WHUULWRULHV ,Q FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK WKH VROXWLRQ RI WKH
FRPSOLFDWHG SUREOHPV RI K\GURJHRORJLFDO ODQGVOLGHV 2NROLþQp WKH DQDO\VLV RI VWDEOH LVRWRSHV RI R[\JHQ DQG
K\GURJHQLQJURXQGZDWHUVDPSOHVZDVSHUIRUPHGLQ>@

'DWDSUHSDUDWLRQIRUWKHQXPHULFDO02'(/

/DQGVOLGHLQ2NROLþQpHYROYHGLQWKHURFNHQYLURQPHQWFHQWUDO&DUSDWKLDQ3DOHRJHQHZLWKUK\WKPLFFKDUDFWHU
IO\VFKZLWKDSUHGRPLQDQFHRIFOD\VWRQHV7KHQDWXUHRIWKHJURXQGZLWKVLJQLILFDQWKHWHURJHQHLW\ILOWHUDVZHOODV
WKHRYHUDOOJHRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQVDWHPHUJHQFHRIFRPSOH[+*FRQGLWLRQV7KHVHDUHDOVRDQWKURSRJHQLFLQWHUIHUHQFH
ZLWKWKHVORSH7KHUHIRUHLWLVHDV\WRFUHDWHD39IORZPRGHOZKLFKZRXOGHORTXHQWO\GHVFULEHWKHVLWXDWLRQLQWKH
ODQGVOLGH ERG\ *,6 FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK WKH +* PRGHO LV QRW QHZ DQG VHYHUDO SDSHUV RQ WKH VXEMHFW KDYH EHHQ
SXEOLVKHGQRWRQO\DEURDGEXWDOVRLQ6ORYDNLD,WLVSRVVLEOHWRFUHDWHPRGHORIK\GURORJLFDODQGK\GURJHRORJLFDO
SKHQRPHQD DQG XVH VSHFLDO WUXFNV IRU WKH FXUUHQW FRPPHUFLDO *,6 VRIWZDUH 0RGHO*,6 6LWH*,6 9LVXDO
02')/2:6LQFHWKHVHSURGXFWVDUHXVXDOO\QRWDYDLODEOHIRUXVZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHLUKLJKSULFHVRXUGHSDUWPHQW
LVZRUNLQJWRFUHDWHWKHLURZQWRROVIRUVRIWZDUH$UFYLHZDQG$UF*,6E\(65,1HZWRROVLQ*,6DUHFUHDWHGE\
SURJUDPPLQJLQ9LVXDO&

7KHEDVLFIXQFWLRQVRIH[LVWLQJ*,6V\VWHPVDUHLQYHQWRU\GDWDDQDO\VLVXSGDWLQJTXDOLW\FRQWUROSODQQLQJDQG
GLVSOD\7KHWHUPGDWDDQDO\VLVLQ*,6LVXQGHUVWRRGDVVXUYH\LQJDQGUHYHDOLQJWUHQGVDQGSDWWHUQVWKDWUHVXOWIURP
UHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQREMHFWV*,6DOORZVUHJXODUXSGDWLQJRIWKHRULJLQDOLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHFXUUHQWVWDWHZKLFKLV
UHODWHGWRIROORZXSGDWDDQGLWLVSRVVLEOHWRIROORZORJLFDOSUHYLRXVVWDWHV*,6LVDSRZHUIXOWRROIRUYLHZLQJVR
YLVXDOL]DWLRQRIGDWDLVLWVDGYDQWDJH*,6LVDEOHWRJHQHUDWHKLJKTXDOLW\VWDWLFRUG\QDPLFFKDUWVJUDSKVWDEOHV
WH[WV DQG VRPH ' WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO SUHVHQWDWLRQ DQGDQLPDWLRQ$OO IHDWXUHVRI*,6 FDQEHXVHGIRU PRGHOLQJ
WDVNV)RUWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHRYHUDOOVORSHWKHPRVWDFFXUDWHHOHYDWLRQPRGHORIWKHWHUULWRU\'70DQGNQRZOHGJH
RILWVJHRPHWULFSURSHUWLHVDUHQHHGHG)LJVKRZVWKHJURXQGVXUIDFHDWWKHVLWH2NROLþQpZLWKDFOHDUO\YLVLEOH
HURVLRQ DQG ODQGVOLGH ERGLHV VFRUHG RQ WKH OHIW VLGH RI WKH SLFWXUH 7KH JURXQG VXUIDFH ZDV FUHDWHG XVLQJ GLUHFW
GLJLWL]LQJ RI ROGHU DQDORJXH PDSV DQG WDEXODU GDWD SURFHVVLQJ ,W ZDV EDVHG RQ D FRQWRXU PDS DW D VFDOH 
%DVHGRQLW7,1PRGHOFRQVLVWLQJRIDWULDQJXODWHGLUUHJXODUQHWZRUNUHSUHVHQWLQJ'70ZDVFUHDWHG,QDGGLWLRQ
WKH *,6 ZDV GHVLJQHG DQDO\VLV RI VORSH DQG VORSH RULHQWDWLRQV DQG GHYHORSHG WKH PRGHO RI VSDWLDO JHRPHWU\ RI
VXEVXUIDFHVWUXFWXUHV7KHRSHUDWLQJSURFHGXUHZKHQFUHDWLQJJHRPHWU\UHSUHVHQWLQJWKHJHRORJLFDOHQYLURQPHQWDQG
WKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIWKHLQSXWILOHLQWRDQXPHULFDOPRGHOLVGRFXPHQWHGLQ)LJ5RXQGRIWKHGLDJUDPUHSUHVHQWV
WKH GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV DQG UHVXOWV RI LQGLYLGXDO DQJXODU VWHSV /RFDO *,6 LWVHOI ZDV ILOOHG ZLWK SOHQW\ RI
JHRJUDSKLF DQG DWWULEXWH GDWD WKDW FRPH IURP HDUOLHU SHULRGV VXFK DV V DV ZHOO DV GDWD IURP WKH FXUUHQW
PRQLWRULQJ7KLVEDVLFJHRGDWDEDVHFRQWDLQVGDWDRQJHRORJLFDOZRUNVGULOOLQJHWF7KLVZDVXVHGLQFUHDWLQJWKH
 Juraj Muzik et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 376 – 381 379

FRQFHSWXDO PRGHO RI WKH JHRORJLFDO HQYLURQPHQW 2WKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ VXFK DV WKH GDWD RI UHJLPH REVHUYDWLRQV RU
LQFOLQRPHWHU PHDVXUHPHQWV ZHUH DQDO\]HG RU RQO\ JUDSKLFDOO\ UHSUHVHQWHG LQ WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH SURMHFW 'DWD DUH
VWRUHG DV H[WHUQDO ILOHV WKDW FDQ ODWHU EH OLQNHG ZLWK WKH *,6 2XU ORFDO *,6 SURYLGHV D IUDPHZRUN IRU WKH HQWLUH
GDWDEDVHUHODWHGWRWKHSUREOHPVRIWKHVOLGHDUHD'XULQJWKHZRUNZHKDYHIRFXVHGPDLQO\RQFUHDWLQJFRQFHSWXDO
PRGHO+*RIGLIILFXOWFRQGLWLRQVLQVOLGHDUHDSUHSDUDWLRQRILQSXWGDWDIRUWKHQXPHULFDOPRGHOLQ*,6HQYLURQPHQW
DQGUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHUHVXOWVRIQXPHULFDOPRGHOLQJLQ*,6

)LJ0RGHOVXUIDFHWHUUDLQUHFRQQDLVVDQFHERUHKROHV

:KHQGHYHORSLQJEDVLFJHRPHWU\GLVFUHWL]DWLRQVSDFHIRU+*FRQFHSWXDOPRGHORXWGRRUVH[SORUDWLRQZRUNVZHUH
PDLQO\XVHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKKRZLQWHUIDFHVRIVWUDWDDQGWKHERXQGDULHVRIWKHDUHD)LJDUHLGHQWLILHG$UHD
ERXQGDU\ PRGHO LQ WKH KRUL]RQWDO SODQH ZDV VHW EDVHG RQ GLVWULEXWLRQ ERDUGV 'HWDLO YLHZ RI D SRUWLRQ RI ER[ LV
VKRZQ LQ )LJ  ,Q GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ ERDUGV *,6 WRRO IRU JHQHUDWLQJ GUDLQDJH VFKHPHV ZDV XVHG
7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOPHWKRGVE\ZKLFKWKHWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOSKHQRPHQDLQJHRORJ\FDQEHPRGHOHGXVLQJVWDQGDUG
*,6 WRROV  ' PRGHOOLQJ ZDV XVHG ZKHUH WKH ZKROH DUHD RI PRGHOLQJ ZDV GLYLGHG LQWR OD\HUV ZLWK VLPLODU
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG PRGHOV DUH LQWHUIDFHV EHWZHHQ WKHP 7KH UHVXOW ZDV (65,6+3 ILOH IRUPDW ZKLFK ZDV IXUWKHU
SURFHVVHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHVFKHPHRI)LJ



)LJ'HWHUPLQDWLRQRIGLVWULEXWLRQERDUGVXVLQJWKH*,6WRROV
380 Juraj Muzik et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 376 – 381

,Q)LJH[SORUDWRU\GULOOLQJDUHUHDOWKDWDUHVXEVHTXHQWO\DGGHGDOVRWRRWKHUILFWLWLRXVZHOOVWRHQVXUHDPRUH
HYHQGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHQHFHVVDU\GDWDLQVSDFH%RUHKROHVKDYHEHHQDGGHGWRHLWKHUOLHVRQWKHZDWHUVKHGRUIDOO
LQVLGH WKH DUHD WKDW GLVWULEXWLRQ VKHOI FUHDWHG 3URILOHV RI WKHVH ZHOOV UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH JURXQG
KDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHSURILOHVRIDFWXDOGULOOLQJDQGRWKHUH[SORUDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVLQWKLVDUHDWKDW
KDYHDOUHDG\EHHQGRQH'DWDRQPHFKDQLFDODQGK\GUDXOLFSDUDPHWHUVRIHDFKOD\HUDORQJZLWKRWKHULQIRUPDWLRQ
DERXW WKH JHRORJLFDO VWUXFWXUH KDYH EHHQ VWRUHG LQ WKH JHRGDWDEDVH IRUPDW '%) 6SDWLDO JUDSKLFDO UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
ZHOOV (65, 6+3 IRUPDW ZDV FUHDWHG RQ LWV EDVH :HOOV DUH UHSUHVHQWHG DV ' OLQHV DQG VWRUHG LQ WKH ³YUW\VKS´
$FFRUGLQJWRWKLVILOHGHSWKRIZHOOVZDVFUHDWHGE\WKHORZHUOLPLWRIWKHPRGHOVHWBackTIN2ULJLQDOO\ERUGHU
PRGHO ERXQGDU\ EHWZHHQ 3DOHRJHQH DQG 4XDWHUQDU\ FRYHU ZDV FRQVLGHUHG $V WKH 3DOHRJHQH RFFXUULQJ DTXLIHUV
DIIHFWLQJWKHVWDELOLW\RIWKHVORSHZHGHFLGHGWRPRYHWKHORZHUOLPLWLQWKLVDUHD6SDWLDOWHUUDLQPRGHO7,1IRUPDW
ZDVXVHGDVWKHXSSHUOLPLWRIWKHDUHDSwitchboard,BackTINDTIN DTMFRQVWLWXWHERUGHUDUHDVWRFUHDWHDFXELF
JULGIRUPDW6+3)LJ)LUVWZDVWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIUHJXODU'JULGDVDVHWTerrainCube.SHP/DWHURQLWE\
WKHLQWHUSRODWLRQIXQFWLRQZKLFKLVGHSHQGHQWRQWKHOD\HUWKLFNQHVVDQGWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKHFHOOVLQWKHOD\HUJLYHQ
WKHYDOXHVUHSUHVHQWLQJWKHSURSHUWLHVRIWKHOD\HU,QWRWDOEDVHGRQWKHK\GUDXOLFSURSHUWLHVRIVRLODQGURFNLQ
NLQGV RI VHOHFWHG OD\HUV 7KH FHQWURLGV RI WKH JULG FHOOV DUH DVVLJQHG YDOXHV RI WKH SDUDPHWHUV RI OD\HUV LQ ZKLFK
WKRVH FHOOV DUH ORFDWHG ,WHUDWLRQV DQG WKH LQGLYLGXDO FHOOV E\ DSSO\LQJ LQWHUSRODWLRQ IXQFWLRQV D QHZ VHW RI
TerrainCube.SHP LV WKH EDVLV IRU WKH LQSXW GDWD LQWR WKH GLJLWDO PRGHO 6LQFH D FRPELQDWLRQ RI *,6 ZLWK WKH
QXPHULFDOPHWKRGVXVLQJILQLWHHOHPHQWVZDVGHVLUHGWKLVVHWLVVWLOOSRVVLEOHWREHODWHUDGMXVWHGWRDEDVLFJHRPHWULF
HOHPHQWRIWKHQHWZRUN,QRXUFDVHZHGHFLGHGWRXVHSHQWKDHGURQZLWKWULDQJXODUQHWVDWEDVH)LJ,QWKLVZD\
DVHWRI)(0JHRPHWU\GDWDUHSUHVHQWVWKHLQSXWGDWDVHWIRUXVHIRUQXPHULFDOPRGHOLQJ7KHURRPLVGLVFUHWL]HG
XVLQJSRO\JRQVZKLFKPDNHXSWKHHOHPHQWVDQGDUHDVVLJQHGWKHUHTXLUHGLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHK\GUDXOLFSURSHUWLHV
ERXQGDU\ FRQGLWLRQV HWF 7KH DGYDQWDJH LV WKDW WKLV ILOH FDQ EH YLVXDOL]HG LQ *,6 DQG WKXV YLVXDOO\ FRQWUROV WKH
GHYHORSPHQWRIFRPSXWHUQHWZRUNVDQGVXLWDEO\VXEVWLWXWHVDGLIIHUHQWSDUDPHWHU

)LJ6ORSHPRGHOUHSUHVHQWLQJE\FXELFUDVWHUFHOOV
 Juraj Muzik et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 15 (2015) 376 – 381 381

)LJ6SDFHGLYLGLQJLQWRSHQWKDHGURQ

&RQFOXVLRQV

%\VXPPDUL]LQJWKHJUDGXDOLQWHJUDWLRQRI*,6DQGQXPHULFDOPRGHOVWKLVZRUNWDNHVSODFHVLQVHYHUDOVWDJHV
 K\GURJHRORJLFDOUHVHDUFKGDWDFROOHFWLRQ
 FUHDWLRQRIGDWDILOHVRI+*VXUYH\LQ*,6
 FUHDWLRQRIFRPSXWHUQHWZRUNQXPHULFDOPRGHOLQ*,6
 LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIQHWZRUNSDUDPHWHUVGHILQHGERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQV
 WUDQVIHURIGDWDWRVRIWZDUHIRUQXPHULFDOPRGHOLQJ
 H[HFXWLRQRIFDOFXODWLRQ
 WUDQVIHULQWR*,6
 DQGUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHUHVXOWVLQ*,6
6XUYH\GDWDFRQVLVWVRIDGDWDILOHWKDWLQFOXGHVDOORIWKHDFTXLUHGNQRZOHGJHRIWKHVWXGLHGDUHD7KLVGDWDFDQEH
UHSUHVHQWHG JUDSKLFDOO\ DQG DOVR E\ XVLQJ YLVXDOL]DWLRQ WRROV WR EHWWHU XQGHUVWDQG KRZ VXUYH\HG JHRORJLFDO
HQYLURQPHQW ORRNV DQG ZKDW SURSHUWLHV LW KDV ,I WKH GDWD DUH LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK WKH QXPHULFDO PRGHOLQJ LW PXVW EH
QRWHG WKDW WKHVH DUH WZR GLIIHUHQW UHSUHVHQWDWLRQV RI UHDOLW\ 7KH *,6 V\VWHP FDQ VWRUH YDULRXV GDWD DQG FKDUDFWHU
DGDSWHG WR WKH QDWXUH RI WKH REMHFW )XQFWLRQDO QXPHULFDO PRGHO LQFOXGHV SUHFLVHO\ GHILQHG GDWD ZKLFK HQDEOHV
VROYLQJ IRU VROXWLRQ RI HTXDWLRQV ZKLOH WKH QDWXUH RI WKH GDWD LV DOZD\V DGDSWHG WR WKH PRGHOLQJ PHWKRGV ,I
DSSURSULDWHWRGUDZXSDGDWDILOHLQD*,6FDQFDOFXODWHRUGHWHUPLQHWKHSDUDPHWHUVQHHGHGIRUQXPHULFDOPRGHO
LQVHUWLQWRQXPHULFDOPRGHOVWKDWFDOFXODWHV\VWHPRIHTXDWLRQVDQGWKHQYLVXDOL]HWKHUHVXOWVEDFNXVLQJ*,6WRROV
,QWKLVSURFHVVWKHSRVVLELOLWLHVRIJHRJUDSKLFDQDO\VLVDUHXVHGYLVXDOFRUUHFWLRQDQGWKHOLNH,QWKLVZD\EHWWHU
XQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGHOLPLQDWLRQRIHUURUVLQWKHFRPSLODWLRQRIWKHQXPHULFDOPRGHOFDQEHDFKLHYHG$FFRUGLQJWRWKH
VHOHFWHGPHWKRGXVLQJ*,6FDQDOVRFUHDWHDVXLWDEOHHQYLURQPHQWDQGLWVGLVFUHWL]DWLRQJULGFRPSXWLQJ

/LWHUDWXUH

 6LWiQ\LRYi'0XåtN-*,6DSSOLFDWLRQVLQJHRWHFKQLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIODQGVOLGHDUHDV&RQIHUHQFHSURFHHGLQJV*HRWHFKQLFVLQ
XUEDQDUHDV,Q6ORYDN3XEORIILFHRI678%UDWLVODYDS±
 $URQRII6*HRJUDSKLF,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHPV$0DQDJHPHQW3HUVSHFWLYH:'/3XEOLFDWLRQV2WWDZDV
 0DOJRW-.RSHFNê0(QJLQHHULQJ*HRORJ\DQG+\GURJHRORJ\6ORYDN7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\LQ%UDWLVODYDV,Q6ORYDN
 0RQWJRPHU\ '5 'LHWULFK : ( $ SK\VLFDOO\ EDVHG PRGHO IRU WKH WRSRJUDSKLF FRQWURO RQ VKDOORZ ODQGVOLGLQJ  '2,
:5
 KWWSZZZVD]SVN
 0DUVFKDONR0<LOPD],/DPLFK''UXVD0.XEHþNRYi'3HĖD]7%XUNRWRYi76OLYND9%HGQiULN0.UþPiĜ''XUDM
06RFKRUNRYi$8QLTXHGRFXPHQWDWLRQDQDO\VLVRIRULJLQDQGGHYHORSPHQWRIDQXQGUDLQHGGHSUHVVLRQLQDVXEVLGHQFHEDVLQFDXVHGE\
XQGHUJURXQG FRDO PLQLQJ .R]LQHF &]HFK 5HSXEOLF (QYLURQPHQWDO (DUWK 6FLHQFHV S  ,661  6SULQJHU9HUODJ %HUOLQ
+HLGHOEHUJ
 'UXVD0/DPLFK'9OFHN-+HYLDQNRYD6.\QFO00DUVFKDONR0<LOPD],%RXFKDO7%HQGRYD0HWDO9HULILFDWLRQRIWKH
5HVXOWVRI7KH*HRWHFKQLFDO0RQLWRULQJ8VLQJ)LQLWH(OHPHQW0HWKRG,QSURFHHGLQJVRI6JHP%RRN9RO,6%1
,661
 .OXNDQRYi$HWDO3DUWLDOPRQLWRULQJV\VWHPRIJHRORJLFDOHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUVRIWKH6ORYDN5HSXEOLFWRSDUWLDOILQDO
UHSRUW,Q6ORYDN0DQXVNULSW*665%UDWLVODYD