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Figure 5 – Membrane Stress Examples

...Two Kinds of Bending Stress:

Bending Stresses. Bending stress is term with different meanings depending on the code used or the
analytical technique used.
(a) Beam bending

b = (M)(y)/(I) ... (so long as total stress < yield stress)

Figure 6 – Beam Bending Stress

Beam Bending Stresses. This is a longitudinal stress. In piping codes this stress is treated as a uniform stress
through the thickness of the pipe (varying with position on the circumference). Note however, that torisonal shear
stresses are also included in the piping codes’ bending stresses. This is also the type of bending stress reported by
beam element models.

(b) Shell bending

Shell Bending Stresses. This is a stress that varies through the thickness. In ASME Section VIII Division 2, this
is the only bending stress explicitly defined. Examples of shell bending are shown in the longitudinal and
circumferential directions below. Note that in some components, such as pipe shoes or saddles, the bending stress
may be oriented in directions other than just circumferential or longitudinal. This is the type of bending stress
reported by shell element FE models. Axisymmetric and Brick element model results must be post processed to
this same definition.

b = (6)(MO)/(t2), or (6)(ML)/(t2)
** Note: direct shear is also represented as “Q” in this figure

Copyright (c) 2007 by Paulin Research Group 2.2.3