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CIVIL PROCEDU: EDA MEMORY AID 2% RULE 2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES SECTION 4, TITLE OF THE RULES ‘The Rules of Court as a whole has reference to the body of Rules governing pleading, practiga,.apdaxcs procedure promulgated by the, Sires aS ? pursuant to Ils Rulemaking -fbwers ul Constitution (7 RIANO, supra at 30), However, since they are promulgat law, they have the force and effect conflict with positive law (Id, at 31). oy The Rules of Court are not penal acts cannot be.given retroactive effect (1 RY we d 34; Bermejo v. Barrios, G.R. No. L-23Btg) Fel 27, 1970) eV) 2 a However, Rules of procedure may “RS

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