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    Soltan Gheorghe
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    This document discusses parallel computer architectures. It describes shared memory architectures, message passing architectures, data parallel architectures, dataflow architectures, and systolic architectures. The key aspects that define an architecture are the separation of software and hardware and the separation of user and system components. Shared memory architectures use a shared address space for communication, while message passing architectures rely on sending and receiving messages for distributed memory communication and synchronization. Data parallel architectures perform the same operations on multiple data elements simultaneously using techniques like SIMD. Dataflow and systolic architectures organize computation and communication through data dependencies and regular arrays of processing units.

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    Computers architecture

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    Computers architecture

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    This document discusses parallel computer architectures. It describes shared memory architectures, message passing architectures, data parallel architectures, dataflow architectures, and systolic architectures. The key aspects that define an architecture are the separation of software and hardware and the separation of user and system components. Shared memory architectures use a shared address space for communication, while message passing architectures rely on sending and receiving messages for distributed memory communication and synchronization. Data parallel architectures perform the same operations on multiple data elements simultaneously using techniques like SIMD. Dataflow and systolic architectures organize computation and communication through data dependencies and regular arrays of processing units.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    8 views38 pages

    Computers Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Soltan Gheorghe
    This document discusses parallel computer architectures. It describes shared memory architectures, message passing architectures, data parallel architectures, dataflow architectures, and systolic architectures. The key aspects that define an architecture are the separation of software and hardware and the separation of user and system components. Shared memory architectures use a shared address space for communication, while message passing architectures rely on sending and receiving messages for distributed memory communication and synchronization. Data parallel architectures perform the same operations on multiple data elements simultaneously using techniques like SIMD. Dataflow and systolic architectures organize computation and communication through data dependencies and regular arrays of processing units.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 38

    Curs:

    Arhitectura calculatoarelor, 2016-2017


    Topici avansate

    G Stefanescu
    Arhitecturi paralele

    Arhitecturi paralele clasice


    – Shared memory
    – Message-passing
    – Data parallelism

    Altele
    – Arhitecturi Dataflow
    – Arhitecturi Sistolice

    Tendinte de convergenta si combinare de modele


    Caracterisitici de baza:
    – Impartirea problemei in
    – Job-uri executabile in paralel

    – Nevoie de
    – Comunicare intre procese
    – Coordonare/Sincronizare

    Ce defineste o arhitectura:
    – Separarea soft/hard (ca ISA – Inst.Set.Arch.)
    – Separerea user/system
    Arhitecturi shared memory

    Shared memory multiprocessors


    – Comunicare prin intermediul accesului la memorie
    – Un spatiu unic de adrese
    – Ce scrie un thread poate citi alt thread
    Arhitecturi message-passing

    Arhitecturi “message-passing”:
    – Memorie distribuita pe procesoare
    – Comunicare prin trimitere-primire de mesaje
    – Sincronizare: potrivire intre send si receive

    Exemplu: multumi Mandelbrot


    – https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/weekend-
    diversion-zooming-into-a-fractal-
    975c80636cf0#.8hfonch1a
    Arhitecturi “data parallel”

    Arhitecturi “data-parallel”:
    – SIMD model – single intstruction, multiple data
    – Operatii executate in parallel pe elementele unei
    multimi mari (vectori, matrici de date)
    – A.k.a: processor arrays, SIMD machines

    Bulk synchronous:
    – un pas de calcul local
    – un pas de sincronizare/comunicare globala
    Arhitecturi “dataflow”

    Arhitecturi “dataflow”:
    – Graf cu interdependentele dintre date
    – Noduri de calcul care opereaza repetitiv cand au date la
    intrare: primesc date, calculeaza, trimit date

    Modele:
    – Static/dynamic (structura grafului de interdependenta)
    – Determinist/nedeterminist
    – Syncron/asincron
    Arhitecturi “sistolice”

    Arhitecturi “sistolice”:
    – Array regulat de unitati de procesare
    – Fluxul de date este pasat sincron
    – fiecare nod citeste, calculeaza, trimite mai departe

    (cumva similar ca in creier, inima)


    – Dificultati de clasificare: nu MISD, SIMD, MIMD

    Aplicatii:
    – massively parallel integration, convolution, correlation,
    matrix multiplication or data sorting tasks
    – dynamic programming algorithms, used in DNA and
    protein sequence analysis.

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