List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

2G Second generation cellular

3G Third generation cellular
3.5G Enhanced third generation (HSPA)
4G Fourth generation cellular
AAL ATM adaptation layer
AC Alternating current
ACM Adaptive coding and modulation
ADM Add-drop multiplexer
ADSL Asymmetric digital subscriber loop
AGC Automatical gain control
ALC Automatic level control
AM Amplitude modulated
AMR Adaptive multirate compression
ATM Asynchronous transfer mode
ATPC Automatic transmit power control
BPSK Bipolar phase shift keying
BER Bit error ratio
BSC Base station controller
BTS Base transceiver station
CAPEX Capital expenditure
C/I Carrier to interference ratio
CCIR Comite Consultatif International de Radio
CCITT Comite Consultatif International Telephonique et Telegraphique
CODEC Coder decoder
CPE Customer premises equipment
DPSK Differential phase shift keying
dB decibels
DC Direct current
DECT Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications
DFM Dispersive fade margin
DM Degraded minutes
DSL Digital subscriber loop
DTM/DEM Digital terrain (elevation) model
DTMF Dual tone multifrequency
DXC Digital cross connect
EBR Errored block ratio
EIRP Effective isotropic radiated power
EM Electromagnetic
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
EOW Engineering order wire
EPO Error performance objective
ES Errored seconds
ESR Errored second ratio
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EVC Ethernet virtual connection
FAW Frame alignment word
F/B Front-to-back ratio
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FD Frequency diversity
FDD Frequency division duplexing
FEC Forward error correction
FFM Flat fade margin
FM Frequency modulated
FSK Frequency shift keying
FSL Free space loss
GHz Gigahertz (109)
GPS Global positioning system
GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile—Global System Mobile
HF High frequency
HPA High power amplifier
HSB Hot standby
HSPA High speed packet access
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
IDU Indoor unit
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IF Intermediate frequency
IFRB International Frequency Regulations Board
IMA Inverse multiplexing of ATM
IMP Intermodulation product
IP Internet Protocol
IRF Interference reduction factor
ISDN Integrated services digital network
ISO International Standards Organisation
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU-R ITU – Radiocommunications Agency
ITU-T ITU – Telecommunications Agency
IWF Interworking function
kHz kilohertz (103)
LAD Linear amplitude distortion
LLC Logical link control
LO Local oscillator
LOS Line of sight
LTE Long-term evolution (4G)
MAC Media access control
MAN Metropolitan area network
MEF Metro Ethernet Forum
MHz megahertz (106)
MODEM Modulator-demodulator
MPLS Multiprotocol label switching
MSC Mobile switching center
MSOH Multiplexer section overhead
MTBF Mean time between failure
MTTR Mean time to repair
MULDEM Multiplexer-demultiplexer
MUX Multiplexer
MW Microwave
NFD Net filter discrimination
NGA Next generation access
nm Nanometer (109)
ODU Outdoor unit
OOK On-off keying
OPEX Operational expenditure
OSI Open Standards Institute
PCM Pulse code modulation
PCN/PCS Personal communications networks/systems
PDH Plesiochronous digital hierarchy
PDV Packet delay variation
PLL Phase locked loop
pm Picometer (1012)
POP Point of presence
PRC Primary reference clock
PSK Phase shift keying
PSN Packet switched network
PSTN Public switched telephony network
PTO/PTT Public telecommunications operator
PVC Permanent virtual circuits
QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation
QoS Quality of service
QPSK Quadrature phase shift keying
RBER Residual bit error ratio
RF Radio frequency
RL Return loss
ROI Return on investment
RPE Radiation pattern envelope
RRB Radio Regulations Board
RSL Receiver signal level
RSOH Regenerator section overhead
RX Receiver
SD Space diversity
SDH Synchronous digital hierarchy
SDP Severely disturbed period
SEC Synchronous equipment clock
SES Severely errored seconds
SESR Severely errored second ratio
SHF Super high frequency
SONET Synchronous optical networks
SRTM Shuttle Radar Topology Mission
SSU Synchronization supply unit
STM Synchronous transport mode
SWR Standing wave ratio
TAE Transversal adaptive equalizer
TDM Time division multiplexing
T/I Threshold-to-interference ratio
TE Transverse electrical
TM Transverse magnetic
TEM Transverse electromagnetic
TETRA Terrestrial trunked radio standard
THz Terahertz (1012)
TU Tributary unit
TUG Tributary unit group
TX Transmitter
UHF Ultra high frequency
UI Unit intervals
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UPS Uninterruptable power supply
UV Ultraviolet
VC Virtual container
VCO Voltage controlled oscillator
VHF Very high frequency
VLAN Virtual local area terminal
VOIP Voice over IP (Internet Protocol)
VPN Virtual private network
VSAT Very small aperture network
VSWR Voltage standing wave ratio
WAN Wide area network
WARC World Administrative Radio Conference
WDM Wave division multiplexing
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WLL Wireless local loop
XPD Cross-polar discrimination
XPIC Cross polar interference canceller
XTE Cross track error