[Unit.2) Sets . Functions and Groups 39 Solution. 2 no-element subsets Conclusion. Above four examples show that, “ every set has two improper subsets and remaining are proper subsets” Example . Improper subsets = J, (x,,2) Proper subsets = {xl,lyl, (zh (ny) (x2), (52) Note that to find the number of subsets of a set having n elements, thé formula is 2”. For example, in Example - 1. Number of subsets = Example - 2. -Number of subsets = Example - 3. Number of subsets = Example - 4, Number of subsets POWER SET. The set of all the subsets of a set is called. its power set. It is written as P(S). eg. : Power set of A= (x,y,z) above is PA)= (2, (xh,(y), (2h (oh tyzh (azh (eye) EXERCISE 2.1 1. Write the following sets in set-builder notation : Solution. @ {1,2,8,.., 1000) = {xl xeNax <1000} Gi). (0,1,2,..., 100) = (rl xe Wax <100} : (0, 41,42, +1000} = {x1 xe Za —1000 x=V2 whicheQ=> (| Gdii) (ele cRax=x } ‘The set of real numbers x satisfying x = x Tabular form:x = x is satisfied by all reals, => not possible (xiv) [ele eQax ax } (xv) The set of rational numbers x s; Tabular form :x =—x Srtx50 > &=0 => ==0> (0} {xlxeRax ex } ‘The set of real numbers x satisfying x 4x Tabular form: #2 _ as there is no real number which is not equal” isfying x = —x toitself . >t} Gv). ([xlx Raz eQ} The set of real numbers which are not rational. Rot possible Tabular form : set of reals. is the union of rational & irrational numbers, 50 irrational =>@ 8. Which ofthe following sets are finite and which of theed are infinite? Solution, (@) The set of students of your clase, C Finite] (i) The set of all schools in Pakistan, ~[ Finite] (iii) The set of natural numbers between and 10, . ( Finite} (iv) The set of rational numbers between 3 and 10, { Infinite } (©) The ect of real numbers between 0 and 1. Infinite } Wi) = The ‘Set of rationals between 0 and 1, { Infinite ] (vii) The sot of whole between Oand 1, { Finite | (viii) ‘The set of all leaves of treos in Pakistan. [ Finite } (PCN) Infinite } Plabe} U Finite?