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The Golden Ase A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE "reveraseaoscaeteue cee in this issue TRADE BARRIERS FROST IN THE AIR EVENTS IN CANADA AMONG THE USURERS STATUS LYMPHATICUS ALUMINUM POISONING AGAIN BLOCKS TO PROSPERITY -suatesoaecutecuneonteaneruaneanneaceseceagegeeseneecatte every other WEDNESDAY fue cents a copy one dollar @ year Vol. XII - No. 317 November 11, 1931 LABOR AND ECONOMICS Novwich Municipal Light Plant . 76 Result of High Bleetrie Rates . ght Plant . No Tax on English Vacant 1 Ureotzie Rates, Canada and U, 8. ‘Would Remonetize Silver Ten Cents for Food and Clothing 79 Comp TLavor Besnvis No Oxr . . 8t Dover Municipal SOCIAL AND SDUCATIONAL Prost 1 tar Ai ogy in Russia Where the Radio 1 French Eneourage Wi eners Ave ne Drinking PINANCE—COMMERCE—Th. Snvuts on Finaneial Situation . Power ‘Trust im Canada ‘Phe Passing Finaneial Show Gold Standard Overboard. Plenty of Money at 1-1/8 Povest Air Preight Scrviee Shifting the Load . : Asioxe nae Usten : To Dare tm Govensxeyr OCr or BUsINIsS . sw. 85 NSPORTATION POLIVICAL--DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN Interxssiosat, Trap Barensns ‘Einstein's Cry for Peace Wileon Planned World War Ent ver Wednesday: 91 U4 woopworri, Copetnere and Proprietors GRANYON J, WoODWoREE Pal SMIMAS HE Five Cost a Cors—$1.00 4 Year Notiee fo Subsovtbers: For your ov Yubilsbed evexy Fee ang a te, ‘send aco of a ee anew euewal blank (eareyinge notice of expiration)” fe sent with the Journal 0% ‘efor the subsetipilon expires. Chane of nudes when teauested, a Ue " Tabet within ene month jeranto, Finnish, Corman, Fapaneso, Norwestan, Polls, Swett, Gvrieng 3s, Onn nes Cenven. Rerracg, Landog, W, 2, Ensland LL Sh Ines aconmas oro tierestord Ray Steaehfetdy NSW As SG Lelie’ Stree, Cape Town, SSuih Arlen fo appear oh ade abil also in British os Cina’ Metrataatad 2S onthe pre rs HOME AND HEALTH ‘Decth of Mexiean Indians. ‘Hospitals Belong to People. . 89 Srares Lywpraricus +. 88 Goon Boarn ar Tae a Wesx . . . 86 Auumaxum Porsoxine ar Wars Puss... 87 Porsons Geserarep py Avcsiseat Cooxr: ER. TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY World's Largest Drydock ‘Moslems in India May Rebel Social Feeding in Russia Conditions in South Africa What Former Priests Ave Doing. 79 Events iy Casapa es 7 TrovsaNn Minas tr tan Astazos $8 News Tnnvs rrow Korea. 89 Prongeaixe ry Centra. Awniies . 90 RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY War Revernsp Wxaxpr Mesep . 75 Jews Expect Fulfilment of Bzckiet Brocs 70 MANsiNn’s Prosesivry . 91 Ur Sreus SoroUs +. 98 ‘The Pope a Disappointed Man, . 4 ‘Pojeda Stands by His Law... 94 Admit They Are Roosters... 95 lana Street, Brooklyn, N.Y T. 8 AL, by (OH & MARTIN Adauae sireet, Ivooklyn, ROBERD J. MAR (Sie, Beeretary ind. “Uredsuise ‘Mase Rewizasces 10 THE GOLDEN 403 remit by postal or espress money order, 1 Ue 8 fasiness Blanages ipdlon from rie consrairs Onkatio, Cana nt Hotered as eeeondielacs matter at Brooklyn, N, ¥, andor the Act of Naveh 8, 1879, The Golden Ase Volume ill Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, November 11, 1931 International Trade Barriers A, LARGE part of the timo of our statesmen in Washington is occupied with discussing the tariff, which affects more or less directly every eitizen in the country and is therefore properly the subject for a somewhat elementary article in The Golden Age. We do not claim to have the wisdom to go deeply into this subject. ‘The levying of a tariff is confessedly purely a selfish act of national legislation, ‘Phere is no pretense that one is ever levied for the bene- fit of anybody else. The only question at issue is as to whether, as a purely selfish act, its operation is to the advantage or disadvantage of the one who levies it. Customs duties on goods inbound, outbound, ov in transit date back thousands of years, With the Grecks the usual rate of customs Cuties upon both imports and exports was about 2 pereent, In the Dark Ages transit duties were imposed on all goods passing through the cen- tral part of Europe. The European continent thus became covered with a network of eustoms lines, which lines still persist and greatly ham per trade. ‘Varif himself was a Mussulman chief, In the year 709 (A. D.) he invaded Spain with a foree of 500 Moors and founded the seaport city of Tarifa, which soon became the place where customs were collected; hence the word “tariff”, In the formation of the German Empire one of the great problems was to abolish the local transit customs, but it was finally aeeomplished. Transit duties have disappeared’ except in China. Export duties are of importance only in Turkey and India. In the United States the first tariff act was passed on July 4, 1789, ‘The average rate of duty then was low, being about 8} percent. By the year 1918 the percentage of free goods had increased until it reached 75.51 percent. ‘This ‘is the nearest the United States ever came to free trade. At present it is far removed from the position ocenpied in 1918. Before the imposition of the ineome tax, int. port duties made up nearly one-half of the federal receipts, ‘They now make up about 15 percent, or about the same as those of France and Tialy. Europeen Tariff Walls We Americans like to talk about Europe's foolish tariff walls, In America we have forty- eight states, stretching three thousand miles from east to west and fifteen hundred iniies north and south, without any intervening eus- toms barriers. Of course, the United States Constitution forbids the separate states from doing so, but if any state in the United States were to undertake to levy an import duty, ex- port duty or transit duty as respects any other state a roar of indignation would go up from all over the country. Europe may have all the harriers she pleases between her twenty states, inst not Uncle Sam, Unele Sam is most incon: siv‘ent in this, as ail ean plainly see,

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