Medical Diagnosis & Treatmenta LANGE medical book 2013 CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment FIFTY-SECOND EDITION Edited by Maxine A. Papadakis, MD Professor of Medicine Associate Dean of Students School of Medicine Univesity of California, San Francisco Stephen J. McPhee, MD Professor of Medicine, Emeritus Division of General Internal Mecicine Department of Medicine Univesity of California, San Francisco Associate Editor Michael W. Rabow, MD Professor of Medicine Division of General intemal Medicine Department of Medicine University of California, San Franclsco With Associate Authors New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico city Milan New Delhi Sanjuan Seoul Singapore Sydney TorontoContents Authors xi Preface wii 1, Disease Prevention & Health Promotion 1 ‘Michael Pignone, MO, MPH, & René Solazar, MD Prevention of Infectious Diseases 3 Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease 5 Prevention af Osteoporosis u Prevention of Physical Inactivity n Prevention of Overweight & Obesity B Cancer Prevention 5 Prevention of Injuries & Violence "7 Prevention of Substance Abuse: Alcobol & iit Drugs 18 2. Common Symptoms 2 Rolph Gonzoles, MO, MSPH, & Pou! L. Nadler, MD Cough a Dyspnea 2 Hemoptysis 26 Chest Pan 28 Palpitations 30 lower Extremity Edema 33 Fever & Hyperthermia 38 Involuntary Weight Loss 7 Fatigue & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 38 ‘Acute Headache 0 Dysuria ry 3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management 46 Hugo @. cheng, MD Evaluation of the Asymptomatic Patient 46 Cardiac Risk Assessment & Reduction 46 Pulmonary Evaluation in Nos-Lung Resection Surgery 0 Evaluation of the Patient with Liver Disease 51 Preoperative Hematologic Evaluation 5 ‘Neurologic Evaluation 53 Management of Endocrine Diseases 5A Kidney Disease 38 Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Surgical Sit Infections 55 4, Geriatric Disorders 57 © Bree johnston, MD, MPH, G. Michael Harper, MD, & ¢, Seth Londefeld, MD Gencral Principles of Geriatric Care 37 ‘Assessment of the Older Adult 37 ‘Management of Common Geriatric Problems 59 ‘Dementia 39 Depression 6 Delicium 64 Immobilty 65 Falls & Gait Disorders 65 Urinary Incontinence 6 ‘Undernutrition & Fralty 69 Pressure Ulcers 7 ‘Pharmacotherapy & Polypharmacy n Vision Impairment 2 {Hearing Impairment n "Elder Misteeatment & Self Neglect, n 5, Palliative Care & Pain Management 74 Michael W. Robow, MO, & Steven 2. Pontilat, MO Definition & Scope of Palate Cae 74 Prin Management a4 Principles of Pain Management 74 Pain atthe End of Life 1s Pharmacilogic Pain Management Stategies 76 Nonphstmscolgic Treatments fa Pallaton of Other Common Symptoms 5 Dyspnea 5 Nastes & Vomiting & Constipation ts Fatigue ts Delirium & Agitation ts End-of fe Care © “Tasks afer Death 2 6, Dermatologic Disorders 94 Timothy 6. Berger, MO Principles of Dermatologic Therapy 4 Common Dermatores 100 Pigmented Lesions 100 Scaling Disorders 103 Vesicular Dermatoses is Weeping or Crusted Lesions 2B Pustelar Disorders as Erythemas 2 Bliering Disses be Papules 19 Vielceous to Pompe Papules & Nodules 143, Prarts (ching) 1s Inflammatory Nodues 150 Epideroal Ineavon Cys 132 Photodermatis 132 Vleers 3 Miscellaneous Dermatologic Disorders 135 Pigmentary Disorders 15 Baldness (Alopecia) 156 Nail Disorders 37 ‘Dermatitis Medicamentosa (Drug Eruption) 158